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›ºu®î¯m‡®±± î®±ºl®ªS®ºS®Š® B¢æNµSµ K¡®y®iÔqµÙ î®±q®±Ù DX®Š®š®w®± î®±ºl®ªw¯mw® š¯î®±ºq®w¯Tu®Ûwµ Hº…±u®± ïX¯Š®o‡µ²°S®ã š®ºS®r. …oe®±î®±iÔSµ Cu®± î®±ºl®ªš¯›Š®u® Bl®¢q® ï„Â¯S®u®ªå šµ°‹qµÙºu®± oeµ°¡®©± Bºq®‹N® BuÂ¯Š®S®¢Š®±î®ºqµ qµ²°Š®±q®Ùuµ B X®XµÁ‡®±w®±Ý w®w®Ý BºS®åy®¼š®ÙN®u®ªå î®¾¯lµuµÛ°wµ; B ïî®Š®S®¡®± CªåSµ AS®q®ãï©å(Nagarajaiah, Hampa: The Later Gangas Mandali Thousand: 1996:72).

5. î®±±¡®±S®±ºu®

î®±±¡®±S®±ºu®î®¼ „µ¡µ²æ©−300 Š®ªå A¡®î®hÔ î®±±¡®±Ìºu®−12Š® Kºu®± y®¼hÔ Bl®¢q® ï„Â¯S®u® î®±±QãNµ°ºu®ä y®hÔo. bµ¶w®‹Sµ X®ºväN¯î¯h šµ°w®S®ou® S®±Š®±y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±ªå Adq®šµ°w®, N®w®N®šµ°w®, w®Šµ°ºu®äšµ°w®, w®‡®±šµ°w® îµ²u®OE¯u® î®±±xS®¡® q®yµ½°„Â®²ï±‡®¾¯Tq®±Ù.

oe®©î®¼ N®w®Ýl®−š®ºš®öq® N®³rS®¡® î®±ªåÇµ°o (1050), uÂ®î®¾¯Áî®±³q® N¯î®ãu® w®‡®±šµ°w® (1112) Cªåw® y®är„ÂµS®¡®±. Cªåw® r°s®Áu® …š®v (El. Vol. XVI. Pp. 52−66. C.E. 1053) î®±q®±Ù dw®y¯ý®æÁw¯s® Xµ¶q¯ã©‡®± (El. Vol. XIII. No. 15 C.E. 902−03 pp. 190−94)) y®ä›vÜ y®lµvîµ. oe®q¯ÙŠ®± bµ¶w® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± uµ²Šµrîµ, x›v ý¯š®w®S®¡®² ›OÊîµ.

w®²Š¯Š®± î®Ç®ÁS®¢ºu® Ab¯Óq®î¯Tu®Û N®î®±jµ²°y®š®S®Á y¯ý®æÁw¯s®Š® þ©Þ (î®±q®±Ù ý¯š®w®)î®w®±Ý CrÙ°XµSµ w®w®Ý £µ°q®äN¯‡®±Áu® Aî®vÃ‡®±ªå Cªåw® S®±l®Öu® îµ±°OEµ …©S®lµ CŠ®±î® y¯äY°w® …š®v‡®±ªå y®qµÙ B‰±q®±. D …SµÌ DS¯S®OEµ° y®räNµS®¡®ªå ïî®Š® î®±q®±Ù Yq®ä y®äN®hî¯TŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu®©², D þ©Þu® š®î®±S®ä ïš¯ÙŠ® X®XµÁ‡®±w®±Ý w®w®Ý CºTåÇ¬ y®¼š®ÙN®u®ªå î®¾¯mŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu®©² (Nagarajaiah, Hampa: Jina Parsva Temples in Karnataka: 1999) Cªå š®º£µ°z› î®¾¯Ÿr‡®±w®±Ý y®äš¯Ùzš®±qµÙ°wµ.

Cªåw® dw¯©‡®±u® Sµ²°lµ‡®±ªå K¡®î®±±R‡®¾¯T šµ°‹š®OE¯Tu®Û y¯ý®æÁw¯s® î®±²rÁ‡®±±, AoØy®Þ wµ©ïT‡®±î®Š® îµ±°OE¯¢Nµ w®lµ‡®±±rÙŠ®±î® QoÖš®±ßiq® d°nµ²Á°u¯ÜŠ® N¯‡®±Ávºu¯T y®qµÙ‡®¾¯Tuµ. Cu®± Kºu®± N®lµ î®±²rÁ‡®± þ©Þî®½ Cwµ²Ýºu®± î®±±Qu®ªå (š®ºš®öq®) ý¯š®w®î®½ CŠ®±î® Ay®Š®²y®u® N®©±åX®y®Þm. „µºS®¡®²Š®± dOEµå î®¾¯S®m q¯©²N®± ý®ºOU®hÔ dw¯©‡®±u® î®uÂ®Áî®¾¯w® dw®Š® þ©Þu® Ÿº„Â¯S®u®ªå ý¯š®w®ïuµ; Š¯‡®±X®²Š®± dOEµå‡®± ªºS®š®±S®²Š®± q¯©²åN®± N®Š®mN®OE¬ S¯äî®±u® ï°Š®„Â®u®äS®±m‡®± (Ÿºuµ bµ¶w® …š®v‡®±) ï°Š®„Â®u®äš¯æï± ïS®äoe®u® Cwµ²Ýºu®± …v‡®±ªå N®©X®±‹‡®±Š® N¯©u® bµ¶w®ý¯š®w®ïuµ. Cºq®oe® î®±²Š®± w¯©±Ê Ay®î¯u®S®¡®w®±Ý †hÔŠµ, Kºuµ° N®ªåw® HŠ®l®± …v‡®±ªå î®±²rÁþ©Þ î®±q®±Ù ý¯š®w® CŠ®±î®¼u®± Ay®Š®²y®. Aºq®oe® y¯äY°w® u®³Ç¯Ôºq® î®±±¡®±Ìºu® …š®v‡®±ªå DS® ›N®Êºq¯Tuµ.

Cu®Š®ªåŠ®±î® š®ºš®öq® ý¯š®w®î®¼ D Ÿºuµ‡µ±° AX¯ÏTuµ (El.XIII. 15. 902−03. pp. 190−94). î®±±¡®±Ìºu®u® î®q®ÁN® X®ºu¯ä‡®±Áw® î®±S® Y°N¯‡®±Áw®± š®±î®¾¯Š®± Oä.ý®. 850 Š®ªå N®iÔ›u® …š®vSµ, Y°N¯‡®±Áw® î®±S® AŠ®š¯‡®±Áw®² Cq®Š®Š®² Oä.ý®. 902−03 Š®ªå u®rÙS®¡®xÝq®Ùu®± D ý¯š®w®u® î®š®±Ù. ý¯š®w®u® N®lµ‡®± Nµ©î®¼ š¯©±S®¡®² î®±²rÁ‡®± Nµ¡®„Â¯S®î®½, N®ªåw® Kºu®± q®±ºl®± î®±±‹u®±, î®±±N¯ÊTuµ. y¯ý®æÁ dw®Š® þ©Þî®¼ N®²l® î®±±Qu® „Â¯S® î®±±N¯ÊTu®ÛŠ®² KhÔºu®vºu® Au®±áq®î¯Tuµ. HOEµ²å°Š®, oeµ²º…±c î®±±ºq¯u® N®lµS®¡®ªå CŠ®±î® N®î®±j®w® Ey®š®S®Áš®Ÿq® †m›Š®±î® D Š¯Ç®óN®²hŠ® N¯©u® þ©Þu® Ay®½î®Áqµ‡®±w®±Ý q¹©xN® ïîµ°X®wµ‰±ºu® S®±Š®±rš®„µ°N®±. î®±²rÁ‡®± y®ä„Â¯î®¢‡®±ªå y¯ý®æÁdw®Š® q®y®›éw® IN¯S®äqµSµ, y®½î®Á„Â®î®u® šµ°mxºu® N®î®±j®w®± N®ªÞ›u® w¯w¯ Ey®š®S®Á Ah±Ô¢‡®±w®±Ý šµ²S®š¯T Nµq®ÙOE¯Tuµ. E¢u® š®u®³ý® þ©ÞS®¡®ªå Ey®š®S®Á š®æŠ®²y®î®¼ y¯ý®æÁw¯s® þ©Þu® Hl®…©S®¡®ªå š®±q®Ù©² qµ²°‹›u®ÛŠµ, Cªå dw®Š® Hl®„Â¯S®u®ªå î®¾¯q®ä qµ²°‹›uµ. …©„Â¯S®u®ªå ý¯š®w®uµ°ï‡®± Aw®±S®äoe® îµ±¶uµ²°Š®±ïNµ‰±uµ.

Cw®²Ý š¯æŠ®š®ãîµºu®Šµ, w®w®Ý r°Š® CrÙ°YTw® î®±²Š®wµ‡®± „¯‹ Nµ¶Sµ²ºl® £µ°q®äN¯‡®±Áu® Aî®vÃ‡®±ªå, D ý¯š®w®−þ©Þu® î®±±N¯ÊTŠ®±î® Nµ¡®Tw® q®±ºl®w®²Ý Auµ° …š®v‡®±ªå y®qµÙ î®¾¯l®©± š¯uÂ®ãî¯TŠ®±î®¼u®±!

6. Nµ²y®Þ¡®

Nµ²y®Þ¡®u®ªå w®w®Sµ uµ²Šµq® 68 Ay®äN®iq® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± Cu®±î®ŠµSµ A©„Â®ãî¯Tu®Û Awµ°N® oeµ²š® š®ºS®rS®¡®w®±Ý Ku®T›Š®±î®¼u®± DS¯S®OEµ° y®äN®hî¯TŠ®±î® CºTåÇ¬ î®±q®±Ù N®w®Ýl® y®¼š®ÙN®S®¡®ªå š®ïî®Š®î¯T xŠ®²z›uµÛ°wµ. (Nagarajaiah, Hampa: Jaina Corpus of Koppala Inscriptions: X− Rayed: 1999 oe®ºy®w¯: Nµ²y®Þ¡® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± : 1998). Nµ²y®Þ¡®î®¼ Bvr°s®Áî®½ î®±oe¯r°s®Áî®½ BTvÛqµº…±u®w®²Ý,

S®ºS®Š® î®±wµq®w®uµ²ºvSµ Nµ²y®or°s®Áî®¼ xN®h š®º…ºuÂ® oeµ²ºvu®±Ûu®w®²Ý D oeµ²š® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± š¯Úz›îµ. N®w¯ÁhN®u® X®‹qµä‡®± y®¼w¯Š®X®wµSµ y®½Š®N® š¯î®±Tä‡®±² DS® ©„Â®ãî¯u®ºq¯Tuµ.

S®±q®Ù©±

î®±ºl®ã dOEµå î®±q®±Ù q¯©²åOSµ šµ°‹u® S®±q®Ù©± S¯äî®±u®ªå Aªåw® ANµÁ°ý®æŠ® uµ°î¯©‡®±u® w®ï°N®Š®o oe®ºq®u®ªå oeµ²Š®†u®Û Kºu®± oeµ²š® (bµ¶w®) xþvÃ ý¯š®w®î®¼ S®ºS®Š® …²q®±S®Š®š®w® îµ²î®±âS® AŠ®±îµ²¢uµ°î® − S¯î®…à‹› u®ºy®rS®¡® î®±S®w¯u® Š¯c ïu¯ãuÂ®Š® (OEµ²°N®ïu¯ãuÂ®Š®, Š¯b¯vq®ã)w® N®lµ‡®± vw®S®¡®w®±Ý N®±Š®±q®± Ku®T›Š®±î® Ay®Š®²y®u® î®¾¯Ÿr‰±ºu® N®²mŠ®±î®¼u®w®±Ý š®±v°U®Áî¯T X®YÁ› ý¯š®w®y¯j®î®w®²Ý y®äN®i›uµÛ°wµ (š¯uÂ®wµ, 25−1, 2: 1996). w®w®Ý X®ºu®äNµ²lµ y®¼š®ÙN®u®ªå‡®±² D š®ºýµ²°uÂ®w® OEµ°Qw® šµ°‹uµ (y®¼h: 170−80).

8. Yw¯Ýy®¼Š®, Hš¬. i

†b¯y®¼Š® dOEµå‡®± oe®±w®S®±ºu® q¯©²åOSµ šµ°‹u® C©N®OE¬ š®ï±y®u® Yw¯Ýy®¼Š® oe®¢ë‡®±ªå N®hÔl®N¯ÊT y¯‡®± qµ²°l®±rÙŠ®±î¯S® uµ²Šµq® y¯ý®æÁw¯s® y¯u®z°j®u®ªåu®Û I¡®± š¯©±S®¡® oeµ²š®ý¯š®w®î®w®±Ý N®±‹q®² w¯w®± Aw®ãq®ä …ŠµvŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu® y®¼w®Š®±OÙ î®¾¯l®±î® AS®q®ãï©å (w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, oe®ºy®: X®ºu®äNµ²lµ: 1997: 195−98).

bµ¶w® ª°QN®Š® ï¡¯š®S®¡®±

1. Hw¬.Hw¬. Aýµ²°N¬ N®±î®¾¯Š¬, š®ºy¯u®N®Š®±, Sµ²î®±âhî¯p (08176−67270) ý®äî®o„µ¡®Sµ²¡® yµ½°š®Ô 573 135.

3. Hš¬. z. Adq¬y®äš¯u¬, N®w®Ýl® Ey®w¯ãš®N®Š®±, uÂ®î®OE¯ N¯OEµ°b¬, î®±²l®†uµä yµ½°š¬Ô (u®.N®)

4. m. Hw¬. AOÊ, Š¯Ç®ó y®äý®›Ù ïbµ°q® þ£®N®Š®±, š®N¯Á‹ c²x‡®±Š¬ N¯OEµ°b¬, Sµ²°T yµ½°š¬Ô 585 309. ý®oe¯y®¼Š® q¯©²åN¬, S®±©àS¯Á dOEµå (08479−4554).

5. A. w¯. X®ºu®äO°rÁ, 713, C î®±q®±Ù HyÂ¬ „¯åN¬, Yq®ä„Â¯w®± Š®šµÙ, N®±îµºy®¼w®S®Š®, îµ±¶š®²Š®± −570 023. (0821−541022).

6. þä°î®±r Hš¬. H. N®î®±©, š®N¯Á‹ î®±oe¯Š¯c š®ºš®öq® N¯OEµ°c± Hš¬. BŠ¬. Š®šµÙ, yµ½°g¬Á îµ²oe®OE¯å, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570024.

7. þä° z. d. Nµºy®oØw®î®Š®, w®²ã c²ãx‡®±Š¬ N¯OEµ°c±, Š¯‡®±„Â¯S® yµ½°š®Ô, „µ¡®S¯î® dOEµå.

8. þä°î®±r S®±m…ºlµ y®½pÁî®±, S®±m…ºlµ yµ½°š¬Ô, Nµ²°OE¯Š® dOEµå.

9. l¯. Hº. H. c‡®±X®ºu®ä, y¯äX¯‡®±ÁŠ®±, î®±oe¯Š¯p N®OE¯ N¯OEµ°c±, S¯ºvÃw®S®Š®, „µºS®¡®²Š®± − 560 009.

10 þä° dw®u®q®Ù uµ°š¯‰±, (xî®³q¯Ù dOE¯å w¯ã‡®¾¯vÃ°ý®Š®±) HOE¬ J † − 190, î®±oe¯ºqµ°ý®w®S®Š®, „µ¡®S¯ºî® − 590 011.

13. yµ½ä. d°î®ºuÂ®Š®N®±î®¾¯Š¬ oeµ²°q®yµ°gµ, y¯äuÂ¯ãy®N®Š®±, Croe¯š® ï„Â¯S®, ïýµæ°ý®æŠ®‡®±ã N®OE¯ î®±q®±Ù î¯pcã N¯OEµ°c±. „Â®u¯äî®r yµ½°š¬Ô, þî®îµ²S®Ì dOEµå. (08282−65358).

14. yµ½ä. uÂ®Š®nµ°ºu®ä N®±Š®N®±‹, HºJ† −7, Nµ.HX¬.† N¯OEµ²°x, þŠ®› yµ½°š¬Ô 581401. (08384−76857)

16. l¯. Hš¬. z. y®u®ây®äš¯u¬, y¯äX¯‡®±ÁŠ®±, i.ï.ï þ£®o N¯OEµ°c±, î®±uÂ®±T‹ yµ½°š®Ô− 572 132.

17. y®. w¯S®Š®c‡®±ã, š®w®âr 121/1, 17wµ° î®±±QãŠ®šµÙ, bµ. z. w®S®Š®, îµ±¶š®²Š®± −570 008.

18. y®u®âŠ¯c u®ºl¯î®r, y®äb¯î¯p î®±±Qã î®Š®vS¯Š®Š®±, „µ¡®S¯ºî® − 590 001.

19. †. y®äï°n¬ N®±î®¾¯Š® bµ¶w¬, Šµ°o±N¯ …l¯î®nµ, Nµ²h²ÔŠ®± yµ½°š¬Ô 583 134, …¡¯ë‹ dOEµå.

21. yµ½ä. †. …äoe®ây®Þ, 657, H N¯äš¬, ïw®‡®±î®¾¯S®Á, ›u¯Üs®Áw®S®Š®, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570 011. (0821−571340).

24 Š®q®ÝX®ºu¬ wµ°ï±w¯s¬ Nµ²°k, y®äý®›Ù ïbµ°q® þ£®N®Š®±, Cºm yµ½°š¬Ô, †b¯y®¼Š® dOEµå.

26. yµ½ä. †. z. ï°Šµ°ºu®äN®±î®¾¯Š¬ N®w®Ýl® y®äuÂ¯ãy®N®Š®±, š®N¯Á‹ y®äs®î®± u®bµÁ N¯OEµ°c±, X®¡®ëNµŠµ yµ½°š¬Ô 577 522.

28 l¯. ý¯ºrw¯s® v…àu®, y®äî¯X®N®Š®±, N®w®Ýl® ï„Â¯S®, š¯Ýq®Nµ²°q®ÙŠ® Nµ°ºu®ä, N®³Ç®Øuµ°î®Š¯‡®±w®S®Š®, š®ºl®²Š®± yµ½°š¬Ô.

29. yµ½ä. Hš¬. m. ýµiÔ, N®w®Ýl® y¯äuÂ¯ãy®N®Š®±, Hš¬.m.Hº. N¯OEµ°c±, EdŠµ yµ½°š¬Ô 574 240.

30. þä°î®±r ý¯ºq¯ š®w®ârN®±î®¾¯Š¬, ï°q®Š¯S®, 4wµ° î®±±QãŠ®šµÙ, S¯ºvÃw®S®Š®, q®±î®±N®²Š®±. (0816−72158).

32. Hº.H. ý®±„Â®X®ºu®ä y®äî¯X®N®Š®±, y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w®ý¯š®ô ï„Â¯S®, î®¾¯w®š®S®ºSµ²°rä, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570 006.

34. l¯. š®±Šµ°ý¬ N®±î®¾¯Š¬ bµ¶w¬, LIG−30, 6wµ° N¯äš¬, Nµ „¯åN¬, Š¯î®±N®³Ç®Øw®S®Š®, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570 023.

35 l¯. oe®ºy® w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, 1079, 48H î®±±QãŠ®šµÙ, 5wµ° ï„Â¯S®, Š¯b¯dw®S®Š®, „µºS®¡®²Š®± − 560 010. (080−3207133)

36. îµ²°oe®w®X®ºu® OŠ®oT, þ£®N®Š®±, Cºm yµ½°š¬Ô, d. †b¯y®¼Š®.

37. l¯. î®š®ºq®N®±î®¾¯‹, Croe¯š® ï„Â¯S®, î®±oe¯Š¯p N®OE¯ N¯OEµ°c±, îµ±¶š®²Š®± (0821− 560177).

38. l¯. š®Š®š®ær ïc‡®±N®±î®¾¯Š¬, ‹°cw®OE¬ N¯OEµ°b¬ lµî®¾¯w¬ šµó°Ç®w¬ š®²ÊOE¬, î®¾¯w®š®S®ºSµ²°rä, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570 006.

39. ý¯ºrw¯s® oeµ²°q®yµ°gµ, š®ºy¯u®N®Š®±, dwµ°ºu®äî¯p, oe®±…à¢ë.

42. þä°î®±r Hº.›. y®u¯âî®q®î®±â, X®ºu®äx©‡®±, 15/1, 10wµ° î®±±QãŠ®šµÙ, 4wµ° Al®Ö Š®šµÙ, oe®w®±î®±ºq®w®S®Š®, „µºS®¡®²Š®± − 560 019.

43. yµ½ä. Hš¬. Š®q®Ýî®±â, 295, 34wµ° Al®ÖŠ®šµÙ 9wµ° î®±±QãŠ®šµÙ, 4wµ° ï„Â¯S®, c‡®±w®S®Š®, „µºS®¡®²Š®± − 560 011.

44. þä°î®±r d. Hš¬. î®š®ºq®î®¾¯©, 3/7, 7H îµ±¶w¬, 3 H N¯š¬, 1wµ° ï„Â¯S®, oeµX¬. BŠ¬. †. BŠ¬. OEµ°Mg¬, N®OE¯ãow®S®Š®, „µºS®¡®²Š®±− 560 043.

45. l¯. zä°r ý®±„Â®X®ºu®ä, y®äî¯X®N®Š®±, N®±îµºy®¼ N®w®Ýl® AuÂ®ã‡®±w® š®ºšµÚ, î®¾¯w®š®S®ºSµ²°rä, îµ±¶š®²Š®± − 570 006.

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