CHANDRAKODE

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1. N®w¯«hN®u® „µ°Šµ „µ°Šµ „¯S®S®¡®w®±Ý, uµ²l®Ö î®±œ¯Š¯cŠ® ¯ºl®ªN®š¯î®±ºq®Š¯T Avðw®u®ªå Cu®±Û Nµ²ºl®±, B¢u® YN®Ê y®¼hÔ AŠ®š®±N®±©S®¡®², N®±h±º… î®±wµq®w®S®¡®² œ®©î¯‹îµ. Nµ©î®¼ ý®S®¡®ºq®² š¯N®Ç®±Ô œµš®Š®± ‡®¾¯Tîµ. Aºq®œ® S®oã î®±wµq®w®S®¡®ªå `š¯ºq®¢Sµ š¯›Š®' î®w®±Ý B¢u® š¯ºq®Š®Š®± N®²l® šµ°‹u¯ÛŠµ.

2. ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå š¯ºq®Š® N®±©c‹Sµ HŠ®l®± œµš®Š®±S®¡®± Eu®ÛN®²Ê Aw®æ‡®±î¯Tîµ: 1. î®±œµ²°S®äý®/ES®äý®, 2 š¯ºq®Š® N®±©. CS®¡®ªå î®±œµ²°S®äý®î®w®±Ý N®±‹q®± Nµ©î®¼ š®ºS®rS®¡®q®Ù X®‹qµäN¯Š®Š® œ¯S®² š®ºýµ²°u®N®Š® S®î®±w® šµ¡µ‡®±±î®¼u®± D y®¼hÔ iy®Þou® Bý®‡®±.

3. š®î®±vÃS®q® y®ºX®î®±œ¯ý®…Ûî®±œ¯î®±ºl®¡µ°ý®æŠ®w®±q®ÙŠ® î®±u®±Š¯vðý®æŠ®º y®iÔ yµ½º…±X®Ï« y®¼Š®î®Šµ°ý®æŠ®º î®±œµ²°S®äý®º ©Œ¯î®±º. y®u¯âî®r° ©…Ü® y®äš¯u¯š¯vq® ïy®¼¡® q®±¡¯y®¼Š®±Ç® î®±œ¯u¯w® ŸŠ®oãS®…á«q®ä‡®¾¯vÃN®u¯w® î¯w®Š®u®æc î®±³S®Š¯c Œ¯ºZ®w® dq¯w®æ ‡µ²°q®Þw®Ýº …œ®±N®¡¯š®ºy®w®Ýº š¯w®ÙŠ® N®±¡® N®±î®±±vx° ý®ý¯ºN® î®±‡®±²P¯ºN®±Š®º ‹y®¼ ¯ºl®¢N® y®q®ºS® v°y¯ºN®±Š®º

qµ²ºl® î®±ºl®¢N® N®±¡¯X®¡® î®cäu®ºl®º †Š®±u®„µ°Š®±ºl®º
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[H.N®.8−2 w®S®Š® 35. 1077 š¯©±: 3−6]

4. îµ±°Œµ Eu®Ü‹š®Œ¯TŠ®±î® ý¯š®w® y®ºOÙS®¡®ªå î®±œ¯î®±ºl®Œµ°ý®æŠ®w¯u® w®xÝ š¯ºq®Š®w®w®±Ý î®±œµ²°S®ä ý®©Œ¯î®±wµºu®², š¯ºq®N® N®±¡® N®±î®±±vx°ý®ý¯ºN® î®±‡®±²Q AºN®±Š®wµºu®², š¯ºq®Š® Bvq®ãwµºu®² î®p«š®Œ¯Tuµ. Cuµ° ‹°r w®S®Š® 35 ‹ºu® 62 Š®î®ŠµTw® ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå œ®q¯ÙŠ®± N®lµ, š¯ºq®Š® Š¯cŠ®w®±Ý ES®äý®©Œ¯î®±Šµºu®², š¯ºq®Š® N®±©v°y®N®Šµºu®² y®‹X®‡®±š®Œ¯Tuµ.

5. Kºu®± N®±© (ý®, Aw®æ‡®±, î®±wµq®w®) u®î®Š®w®±Ý Ÿ°Sµ HŠ®l®± †Ãw®Ý œµš®Š®±S®¢ºu® xuµ°«þš®Œ¯TŠ®±î®¼u®± Yºq®x°‡®±î¯Tuµ. D ‹°r‡®±ªå Cw®±Ý HŠ®l®± Š®± ý®S®¢Sµ HŠ®lµŠ®l®± †Ãw®Ý î®±²©u®, †Ãw®Ý As®«u® œµš®Š®±S®¢Š®±î®¼u®± X®‹qµä‡®±ªå N®ºl®± …ºvuµ. Eu¯œ®Š®nµSµ š®S®Š® î®±oŒµ‡®±Š®w®±Ý œµš®‹š®…œ®±u®± [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã œ®ºy®; ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå HŠ®l®± ý®S®¡®±: 1995]

6. î®±œµ²°S®äý®©Œ¯î®± Hºu®©åuµ, ES®äý®r¡®N®Šµºu®² D š¯ºq®Š®š®Š®w®±Ý xuµ°«þš®Œ¯Tuµ [œµ²º…±c 2(8 w®S®Š® 36) 1077. š¯©±: 62−63] . D ES®äý® î®±œµ²°S®ä−ý® Hº…±u®± Eq®ÙŠ®u® î®±u®±Šµ‡®± N®lµ‰±ºu® …ºu®uµÛºu®± œµ²º…±cu® œ®©î®¼ ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå EN®Ùî¯Tuµ. ES®äýµ²°u®áî®. î®±œµ²°S¯äw®æ‡®± Hº…, ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå …Š®±î®, ¯q®±S®¡µ©å Auµ° š®²X®wµ‡®±w®±Ý K¡®Sµ²ºmîµ. D (î®±œ¯) ES®äý® Hº…±u®± bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡®©²å, bµ¶w® „¯Š®q® N®sµS®¡®ªå‡®±² …Š®±î® œµš®Š¯Tuµ.

7. î®±u®±Š¯y®¼Š®î®¼ ES®äšµ°w® Š¯cw® Š¯cu¯x [Eq®ÙŠ® y®¼Š¯o: 70−331] N®w®Ýl®u®ªå‡®±² N®o«y¯Š®ãw® wµ°ï±w¯s®w® y®¼Š¯o, wµ°ï± X®ºu®äw® Au®«wµ°ï± y®¼Š¯o, …ºu®±î®î®±«w® œ®‹î®ºý¯„®±ãu®‡®± îµ²u®Œ¯u® N®ïS®¡® N¯î®ãS®¡®ªå î®±u®±Š¯vðý®Š®, ES®äý®u® N®sµ‰±uµ. D ES®äý®u® „µ°Š®±S®¡®± q®±º… B¡®NµÊ C¢vîµ. Oä.y®½. Kº…q®Ùwµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u®ªåu®Û, Jrœ¯›N®î¯T BT œµ²°u® y¯ý®æ«w¯s® r°s®«ºN®Š®Š®± ES®äý®u®î®Š®± S®±o„®u¯äX¯‡®±«Š®± y¯ý®æ«w¯s® r°s®«ºN®Š®Š®± ES®äý® ýµä°Ç®ÕŠµºu®± N®Šµvu¯ÛŠµ [Eq®ÙŠ® y®¼Š¯o: 73−166]

dw®u®q®Ùw®±, Bq®w® y®½î®«cŠ®², Bq®w® š®ºq®r‡®±î®Š®² y¯ý®æ«w¯s® dw®Š® D ES®äý®NµÊ šµ°‹u®î®Š®±. œµ²º…±cu®ªå y¯ý®æ«w¯s®Š® …š®vS®¡®±, ïS®äœ®S®¡®² 7−8 wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®vºu®Œµ° N¯o±î®¼u®NµÊ N¯Š®o, š¯ºq®Š®Š®± y¯ý®æ«w¯s®Š® „®N®ÙŠµº…±uµ²ºuµ° A©å; q¯î®¼ y¯ý®æ«w¯s®Š® ý®cŠµº… S¹Š®î® A†Ã¯w®S®¡®² D Bš®OÙSµ î®±±Qã N¯Š®oS®¡¯Tîµ.

8. š¯ºq®Š®Š® ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå A®± (î®±œ¯) ES®äý®©Œ¯î®±Š®± Hº… œµ°¢Nµ‡®± cqµSµº A®± y®u¯â î®ruµ°ï° ©…Û® y®äš¯u®Š®± Hº… ¯q®² šµ°‹uµ [œµ²º…±c 1, š¯©±: 3; Auµ°,2/š¯©± 14; Auµ° 3. š¯©±: 10−11 Cq¯ãv] Cu®N®²Ê CŠ®±î® y®äu¯w®î¯u® N¯Š®o, BNµ q®î®±â ý®cŠ®² r°s®«ºN®Š®Š®² Bu® y¯ý®æ«w¯s®Š® dw®ý®š®w®uµ°ï Hº…±u®± Bu®‹ºu®Œµ° du®q®Ùw®± q®w®Ý q®ºuµ š®œ®N¯Š®w®w®²Ý Eq®ÙŠ® î®±u®±Šµ‡®±w®²Ý qµ²Šµu®± yµ½º…±X®Ïy®¼Š®NµÊ …Š®±î¯S® q®wµ²ÝºvSµ y®u¯âî®r‡®± î®±²r«‡®±w®²Ý q®ºu®wµº… Jrœ®ã As®«y®½o« î¯TŠ®±î®¼u®±.

9. ES®äý®cŠ®± q®î®±â N®±©uµ°î®qµ y®u¯âî®r° uµ°ï‡µ²ºvSµ yµ½º…±X®Ï y®¼Š®NµÊ …ºu®± wµ©›u® îµ±°Œµ HŠ®l®± …Sµ‡®± š®ºN®Š®S®¡¯u®±î®¼. dw®u®q®Ùw®± Aïq® ‡®±±î®N®w¯T CªåSµ …ºu®w®±, Cªå‡µ±° w¯l®± N®iÔ †°l®± ¯mu®w®±. Cªå‡®± œµo±Øw®±Ý î®±u®±îµ‡®¾¯u®w®±. œ¯Sµ î®±u®±îµ‡®± Kš®Sµ‰±ºu® N®²mNµ²ºl®± „µšµu® œµ²š®î®±wµq®w® š¯ºq®Š®u®±. š¯ºq®Š®Š®± š®Ú¢°‡®± N®±©u®î®Š®±. œµ²Š®Txºu® …ºu® ES®äý®u®î®Š®ªå uµ°þ°‡®± î®±²©u®î®Š¯u®, yµ½º…±X®Ï y®¼Š®u®î®Š¯u® š¯ºq®Š®Š®± N®²mNµ²ºl®± 練w®î¯u®Š®±. Cu®‹ºu¯T‡µ±° ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå D HŠ®l®² ý®u® œµš®Š®±S®¡®w®±Ý Eu®ÛN®²Ê …¡®š®Œ¯Tuµ.

10. HŠ®l®± ý®S®¡® ﱩw®u®ºqµ‡µ±° HŠ®l®± uµ°î®qµS®¡® š®ï±°N®Š®o w®lµ‰±q®±.

D „®g¯‹ y®q¯âî®r‡®±„µà‡µ±º
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yµš®Š¯u®±u®± [œµ²º…±c 14 (8w®S®Š® 48) š¯©±: 56−61]

11. ES®äý®u®ºqµ‡µ±°, du®q®ÙŠ¯‡®±wµ²ºvSµ, Eq®ÙŠ® î®±u®±Šµ‰±ºu® y®u¯âî®r ‡µ±º… „®g¯‹‡®±² (š®º. „®g¯Ô‹N¯) yµ½º…±X®Ïy®¼Š®NµÊ BS®ï±›u®¡®±, Cªåw® wµ² (Œµ²)Oʇ®± î®±Š®u® îµ±°Œµ wµ©›u®¡®±, Aºv xºu® BNµSµ wµ² (Œµ²) Oʇ®±„µà‡µ±º… œµš®Š¯‰±q®±. D ï®nµ‡®± u®æx−š®²£®ÈâS®¡®w®±Ý Ÿm‡®±„µ°N®±. y®u¯âî®r uµ°ï‡®±± ïÇ®Ôuµ°î®qµ, wµ² (Œµ²) Oʇ®±„µà‡®±± dw®y®u®Š® wµ©î®ºvS®Š® …w®u®î®±â. œµ²º…±c CºvS®² © (wµ²−Œµ²) OÊTl®S®¢ºu® Bî¯u® y®äuµ°ý®. Ÿºuµ Cw®²Ý Cu®Š® „µ¡µ u®hÔî¯TvÛq®±. Cªå‡®± cw® wµ² (Œµ²) Oʇ®± „µà‡®±w®±Ý N®ªÞ›Nµ²ºl®± BŠ¯vÚ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Cªå‡®± š¯ºq®Š®Š®² wµ²Oʇ®±„µà‡®± „®N®ÙŠ¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. š¯ºq®Š®Š®± ES®äý®u®ªå š®ºS®ï±› u®Š®±, š¯ºq®Š®Š® wµ²Oʇ®±„µà‡®±² ES®äý®cŠ® y®u¯âî®r‡®±ªå JN®ãî¯u®¡®±. Au®‹ºu® yµ½º…±X®Ïy®¼Š®u® S¯äî®±uµ°î®qµ wµ²Oʇ®±„µà‡®±± î®±u®±Š¯y®¼‹‡®± y®u¯âî®r uµ°ï‡µ²ºvSµ þÇ®Ôuµ°î®qµ‡®¾¯u®¡®±. wµ²Oʇ®±„µà‡®±uµ°î®š®æ [Auµ°, š¯©±: 68−69] N®äîµ±°o `wµ²Oʇ®±„µà‡®± dw®§°Sµ°œ®' ±q®± [œµ²º…±c 13. (8 w®S®Š® 47) š¯©±: 50−51]

b¯rš®ºN®Š®, î®o«š®ºN®Š®, uµ¶î®š®ºN®Š® C X®‹qµä‡®±ªå œµ²š® Au¯㇮±S®¡®©å. H©å uµ°ý®S®¡®, H©å N¯©u® X®‹qµ‡®±©²å Cu®NµÊ xu®ý®«w®S®¢îµ.