CHANDRAKODE

ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± S®oS®¡®±

Though chalukyas respected and encouraged all the sects, it was Yapaniya sect that received more and more attention. Yapaniya sangha flourished so rapidly during this period that it reached its zenith. After the sustained royal patronage of Banavasi Kadambas, Yapaniya sangha never looked back. It grew from strength tho strength up to the period of Kalachuris and Western Chalukyas. The period between 980 and 1154 A.D. was the Golden Age of Yapaniya sangha; that was the best of time, and the year after 1184 was the worst of time for Yapaniyas.

Dr. KAMALA HAMPANA : Attimabbe and Chalukyas, 1995, p. 29

X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® N¯©u®ªå ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU® š®±î®o«‡®±±S®u® î¯ãz٠„®î®S®¡®w®±Ý y®lµ‰±qµº… l¯. N®î®±Œ¯ œ®ºy®w¯ A® œµ°¢Nµ‡®±w®±Ý Aºvw® N¯©u® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± y®¼™Ô°N®‹š®±qµÙ°îµ. ‡®±y®x°‡®± š®ºU®u® Au®㇮±w®w® œ¯š®± uµ²l®Öu®±; Au®± Kºu®± z.HX¬.m. î®±œ¯ y®ä…ºu®u® ®±Ù. Au®Š® N®£µSµ K¡®y®l®±î® y®½Š®N® š¯î®±T䇮¾¯T, ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®u®ªå š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î¯Tu®Û S®oS®¡®w®±Ý ý¯š®w®S®¡® Bu¯Š®ïq®±Ù. S®±Š®±rš®±î®¼u®± D iy®Þp‡®± X¹N®h±Ô.

X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® B¢Nµ‡®± Aî®vÇ®ªå, Oä.ý®. 973−74 ‹ºu® 1184 Š®î®ŠµTw® Cw®²ÝŠ®± î®Ç®«S®¡®ªå, Aq®ãºq® y®ä…© bµ¶w® š®ºU®î¯u® ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®±uµ²¡®Sµ šµ°‹u® S®oS®¡® œµš®Š®±S®¡®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå ïy®¼©î¯T ›S®±î®¼u®‹ºu®, D š®ºy®ä…ºu®u® y®¼h y®‹ï±rSµ š®ºS®äŸš®±î® Ax®ãvºu¯T, Aî®w®±Ý AN¯Š¯v Aw®±N®äî®±pNµSµ A¡®î®m›, ›ºœ¯î®Œµ²°N®w® N®äî®±vºu® œµš®‹š®Œ¯S®±î®¼u®±.

1. N®ºl®²Š®±S®o : š¹.C.C. 20 > 18980 š¹u®rÙ („µ¡®S¯ï d/)y®¼. 15−17
Auµ°, 15. 539. 2 ý®. œ®±©²åŠ®± (†b¯y®¼Š® d/î®±±uµÛ°† q¯)
1.1 N¯o²Š®± S®o: IWG: 1984: w®º. 150, 10 ý®: 468−70

1.1.1. N¯o²S®«o; H.N®. 8, šµ²Š®…, 262. 1077, N®±y®Þh²Š®± (þ.d)
š¹.C.C. 15, 568. 12 N®ŒµÊ°‹ (u¯d./î®±±ºl®Š®Tq¯.)
H.N®. 8(y®) AS®² 133 (C AS®² 99) 1079−80
š®±¡®Sµ²°l®± šµ²°î®±î¯Š®, y®¼. 186−87

1.1.2. N¯o²S®«o: HBŠ¬Hš¬J 1927−28. Hz, C−51. 12 ý®
Auµ°, 1943−44, 44−45. Hz Hy¬ 1. 1123
H.N®. 8−1, þî®îµ²S®Ì 4, 1122

1.1.3. N¯äo²Š®± S®o: H.N®. 7−1 (1902) þî®îµ² 10. 1079. q®gµÔ NµŠµ. y®¼. 21.
š¯©±: 53

1.1.4. Nµ²ä°o²S®«o: š¹.C.C. 9.221. 1125 qµ²S®Š®N®±ºh (Bºu®ä: Aw®ºq®y®¼Š®d./u®¯«î®Š®º q¯.)

N®ºl®²Š®±S®o, N¯o²Š®±S®o, N¯o²S®«o, N®²äo²S®«o, N¯äo²Š®± S®o, Nµ²ä°o²S®«o− Cå Kºuµ° î®±²© Š®²y®î®½ Eºh±. Cå š®Ú¡®w¯î®± î®±²©î¯u® œµš®Š®±S®¡®± [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®, N¯w®² (o²) Š®±S®o, `œ®Š®r ›‹' (š®º) ©£®Èân¬ qµ©S¯ï, 1987, 349−52]. N®w®Ýl® š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå N¯w®²Š®±S®oî®w®²Ý, D S®ou® BX¯Š®ãŠ®w®²Ý œµš®‹›Š®±î® îµ²hÔîµ²u®©wµ‡®± N®ï‡µ±ºu®Šµ yµ½w®Ý [ý¯ºr y®¼Š¯oº: (š®º) w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: 1982: 1−17]; Aœ®«oºvà Aœ®«u®àª X®ºvxºu® dw® X®ºu®ä u¯î®±w®ºv ï°Š®oºv Hº… î®±xS®¡®±. yµ½w®Ýw® q®Š®±î¯‡®± Aî®w® þǮ㠊®w®Ý N®ï‡®±± Adq® y®¼Š¯ou®ªå‡®±² [12−21] N®o« y¯Š®ãw®± wµ°ï±w¯s® y®¼Š¯o u®ªå‡®±² [1− 17] N¯o²Š®±S®ou® S®±Š®±S®¡®w®±Ý š®â‹›u®Ûwµ; A©åuµ AS®Ì© (X®ºu®äy®ä„® y®¼Š¯o), Kºu®wµ‡®± î®±ºS®Š¯c (QSµ°ºu®äî®±p u®y®«o), þý®±î®¾¯‡®±o (Aºcw¯X®‹qµ), …䜮âN®ï (î®cä N®±î®¾¯Š® X®‹qµ) Nµ²°i°ý®æŠ® (d°î®ºu®Š® Ç®hÔv) uµ²l®Ö‡®±ã N®ï (X®ºu®äy®ä„®X®‹qµ), X®u®±Š® X®ºu®äî®± (N¯N®«¡® Sµ²î®±âgµ°ý®æŠ® X®‹qµ), Cî®±âm S®±oî®î®±« (y®¼Ç®Þu®ºq® y®¼Š¯o) îµ²u®Œ¯u® N®ïS®¡®± N¯o²Š®±S®ou® BX¯‡®±«‹Sµ Nµ¶î®±±Tvu®ÛŠµ [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®, N¯w®² (o²) S®«o, y®½îµ½°«N®Ù Œµ°Qw®] Aåu®Š® X®Xµ«, î®±q®±Ù B‡®¾¯ y®u®ãS®¡® Eu¯œ®Š®nµ š®vq® ï®nµ− D Œµ°Qw®u® A¡®qµSµ ï±°‹u®±Û; A©åuµ y®äš®±Ùq® š®ºy®ä…ºu® ý¯š®w®u® y®ä‡µ²°S®S®¡® ïîµ°X®wµSµ ï±°š®Œ¯Tuµ.

S®ºS®Š¯cã š¯Úy®wµSµ N¯Š®oŠ¯u® ›ºœ®oºv BX¯‡®±«Š®± D N¯o²Š®±S®ou® Eq®±ÙºS® ý®³ºS® [H.N®. 7−1, þî®îµ². 4.1122; Auµ°, þN¯‹ 221. 1074; H.N®.8, w®S®Š®. 35. 1077 Cq¯ãv]. Š®hÔ Š¯cã ي®N®w¯u® î®±±xX®ºu®äw®² Cuµ° S®ou® y®är„µ [bµ††BŠ¬HHš¬ 10−30 (1874) w®º. 8. 1229−30 š¹u®rÙ. y®¼. 260]. Cw®²Ý œ®q¯ÙŠ®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå Cºq®œ® EŒµå°QS®¢îµ. ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®NµÊ šµ°‹u® D S®ou® ïX¯Š®u®ªå (N¯î®ã î®±q®±Ù ý¯š®w®) N®ïS®¢Sµ Cu®Û S¹Š®î¯u®Š®S®¡®± S®î®±xNµSµ Aœ®«î¯Tîµ. yµ½w®Ýxºu® y¯äŠ®º„®î¯u® N¯o²Š®±S®o š®âŠ®nµ š®±î®¾¯Š®± 350 î®Ç®«S®¡®î®ŠµSµ AN®±ºiq®î¯T î®±±w®Ýlµvuµ‡µ±º…±u®± q¹©xN® Au®㇮±w®vºu®©², ý¯š®w¯u¯Š®S®¢ºu®©² u®³l® y®l®±q®Ùuµ. D S®ou® BX¯Š¯ã‡®±w®±Ý q®N®Êî®±iÔS¯u®Š®² N¯zhÔ®± N®w®Ýl® N®ïS®¡®± î®±q®±Ù N®w®Ýl® ý¯š®w®N¯Š®Š®±. D HŠ®l®± î®±²©S®¢ºu® ›S®±î® AvÃN®³q® š¯î®±T䇮±w®±Ý Aº†› N¯o²Š®±S®ou® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± Yq®äî®w®±Ý Š®²zš®…œ®±u®±.

2. N¯Šµ°‡®± S®o: š¹.C.C. 15, 530. 1059; H.C. 18. 311. 11 ý®
N®.C.5, 68. 1203 î®±±w®S®±ºm (u¯d./q¯.)−(î®±pS®±ºu®Sµ) š¯©±: 37−39:
N®.C. 1, 32.1219 u¯.q¯. ý¯š®w®S®¡®±. 42.12 ý® w®Šµ°u®ä (u¯d/) y®¼.
78−79 Auµ°, 14−12 ý®. w®±TÌ Nµ°‹ (u¯d/) y®¼. 83.

N¯Šµ‡®±S®o Hº… œµš®Š®± ®î®±²© xÇ®Þw®Ýî¯u®u®±Û. N¯Šµ Hº…±u®± Kºu®± …Sµ‡®± œµo±Ø †l®±î® î®±±¡®±ëTl® („µ²°Šµ‡®± œ®o±Ø) Cu®± AX®ÏS®w®Ýl® ý®…Û. q®ï±¢w®ªå N¯Šµ¶, î®±Œµ‡®¾¯¡®u®ªå N¯Š®, q®±¡®±ïw®ªå N¯Šµ, Nµ²l®S®±ïw®ªå, N¯Šµ î®±Š®−Hº… b¯Ór Š®²y®S®¡®± X¯ªÙ‡®±ªåîµ. N¯ŠµTl®S®¢u®Û bµ¶w® î®±j® î®±ºvŠ®S®¢u®Û N®oîµ° N¯Šµ‡®±S®o. N¯Šµ‡®±Tl®u® î®±±¡®ëw®±Ý N¯Šµ î®±±¡®±ë Hºu®± N®Šµ‡®±±î®Š®±. D S®oNµÊ šµ°‹u® K…à y¯äY°w® bµ¶w® S®±Š®±ïw® œµš®Š®± î®±±¡®ë „®g¯ÔŠ®N®Š®±; î®±±¢ëw® Tl®S®¡®± Cu®Û î®±j®NµÊ …š®vSµ š®º…ºvÛu® S®ou® S®±Š®±S®¡®± î®±±¡®ë „®g¯ÔŠ®N®Š®±.

N¯Šµ‡®±S®ou® bµ¶w® ‡®±rS®¡® y®ºS®l®î®¼ œ®q®Ù‹ºu® œ®vî®±²Š®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u®î®ŠµS®² y®äX®ªq®î¯Tq®±Ù. D S®o ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®u® îµ±¶¡¯y®r°q®Ú«NµÊ šµ°‹u® î®±±Qã S®o œ¹u®± [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: îµ±¶¡¯y® r°s®«−ý¯š®w®S®¡® Bu¯Š®, `š®ï±â©w®' (š®º) l¯. Hº.H. c‡®±X®ºu®ä (1994): 17−20].

3. N®±î®±±vS®o: š¹.C.C. 11−1, 78. 1045. î®±±S®u® (u¯d/q¯.)
Auµ°, 15. 610. 1290. S®Š®S® (u¯d/) Auµ°, 618
4. Nµ²°i î®±l®±î®S®o: H.C. 9, 6. y®¼. 47. D S®ou® ïX¯Š®î¯T œµYïw®
¯ŸrS®¡®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå C©å.
5. y®Š®©²Š® S®o: C.B. 11. 69. Oä.ý®. 567. y®¼. 68−71; N®.C. 1.y®¼. 4−5
š¹.C.C. 20, 9.š®± 8 ý®. Bl®²Š® (u¯ d./œ¯w®S®Œ¬ q¯.) y®¼. 10 š¯©±: 20
Aq®ãºq® y¯äY°w®î¯u®−S®oS®¡®ªå Cu®± S®oãî¯Tuµ. BŠ®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®vºu® Cu®Š® y®ä‡µ²°S® ›S®±q®Ùuµ. y®Š®©²Š® S®o y®ä„¯X®ºu®äŠ® þÇ®ãw¯u® §°y¯©w®± y®Š®©²Š® Xµ°v‡®±NµÊ Cî®±âm O°r«î®î®±« X®N®äî®r«‡®± [744−60] N¯©u®ªå u®rÙ Nµ²hÔw®±.

6. …© (¡®) q¯ÊŠ® S®o: š¹.C.C. 20. 47. 1074; H.C. 15. 23. 1071−72 „µ¡®S¯ï d/Sµ²°N¯N® q¯.) y®¼. 287−92 š¯©±: 24, 19. N®.C. 5. 33. 1176. 1 Sµ²°ªœ®¢ë („µ¡®S¯ï d/P¯w¯y®¼Š®q¯.) y®¼. 135−40.

6.1 w®ºvš®ºU® (S®o) NµÊ šµ°‹u® …©î®q¯ÊŠ®S®ou® „µ°Šµ Š®²y®S®¡®±: …©q¯ÊŠ® S®o−N®.C. 3.2. 1542. …¡®S¯¥S®o: C. B. 4. 180. 1048 š¯©±: 13. î®±q®±Ù H.N®. 7−1 þN¯‹, 120. 1048. y®¼. 225. 1 Cu®Š®ªå …¡®S¯¥S®ou® îµ±°Ç®w®xÛ „®g¯ÔŠ®N®Š® þÇ®ãÉ Nµ°ý®î®w®xÛ Aǵ²Ô°y®î¯› „®¡¯Š®Š® …š®vSµ u¯w® Nµ²hÔ ïÇ®‡®±ïuµ. Š®w®Ý N®ï‡®±± …¡®S¯¥ N®±©u®î®wµº…±u®± D …¡®S¯¥S®ou® ŸwµÝŒµ‡®±ªå Yºq®x°‡®±î¯Tuµ.

6.2 ®S¯¥S®o: H.C. 15. 23 1071−72 S¯î®Š®î¯l® (y®½îµ½°«N®Ù) Cu®± N®²l® …©S¯¥S®ou® Cwµ²Ýºu®± Š®²y®; Cªå î®N¯Š® …N¯Š®S®¡® …u¯Œ¯î®nµ w®lµvuµ.

7. î®ï‡®±²Š®± S®o: 1064 . Š¯î®±X®ºu®äy®¼Š® (Bºu®ä: îµ±°l®N¬ d/w®Š®š¯y®¼Š® q¯) JINAMANAGARI, October 1995

8. ‡®±±Š®± S®o; u®«y®¼‹ (î®±œ¯Š¯Ç®ó : †Ã°Š¬ d/)š®ºPµã 7 î®±q®±Ù 8 Š® ïX¯Š® î®±ŸrS®¡®± r¢‡®±u®±.

9. š®²Š®š®ÚS®o: IWG: 1984: 447: 447, 513 (8−9ý®.)
š¹.C.C. 11−1.3. 1071. šµ²Š®h²Š®± (u¯d/S®u®S®q¯)

Auµ°, 113, 1074; š¹.C.C. 20. 286. 1068.
Auµ°, 52. 1077−78 ©£µÈâ°ý®æŠ® (u¯ d/œ¯îµ°‹ q¯.)
Auµ°, 180. 1168. w®vœ®Š®¡®œ®¢ë y®¼. 248

Auµ°, 375, 12−13ý®. ¯N®w®²Š® (u¯ d./Š¯nµ„µ q¯.)
H.N®.7 (y®) w¯î®±º. 169(4 w¯î®±º 94) 1142. N®š®©SµŠµ
H.N®. 8(y®) œ¯. 165. 2 ý® ý¯ºrS¯äî®±. y®¼. 399
Auµ°, AS®² 136 (5 ASµ² 96) 1095.y®¼. 189
H.N®. 7(y®) w¯î®±º. 33 (4 w¯î®±º 19) 1118−19,
N®º…u® œ®¢ë (î®±ºd /w¯î®±º q¯) y®¼. 20−21
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Yq®äN®²g¯w®æ‡®±º [š¹.C.C. 11−1, 111. 1071] Hº…ºq®œ® œµ°¢NµS®¡®± D S®ou® Ÿ‹îµ±Sµ N®w®Ým Ÿm‡®±±q®Ùîµ. ý¯u®²«©ïOä°mq®î®³q®Ù y®u®ãîµ½ºu® Š®ªå Cuµ° S®ou® ©š®vÊ°r«y®q¯Nµ‡®±w®±Ý œ¯‹š®Œ¯Tuµ:

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š®²Š®š®Ù (š®Ú) S®o N¯o²Š®±S®o Kºuµ y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± N®î®©±S®¡®±. C®l®² š®œ® ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®u® y®ä…©î¯u® î®±q®±Ù y®äš¯Š¯vÃN®ã±î® S®oS®¡®±. š®²Š®š®ÙS®oNµÊ šµ°‹u® BX¯Š®ãŠ® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± I¡®±−Hºhwµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® îµ°¡µSµ y®ä›vÜ y®lµvq®±Ù. y®½î®« X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® ïÇ®±Øî®u®«w®w®± (624−42) N®iÔ›u® ïc‡®±î¯l® („µcî¯l®) u® `w®l®±º…±î®š®v' Sµ î®±±š®±x Nµ²ºl® S¯äî®±î®w®±Ý y®¼w®Š¬u®rÙ‡®¾¯T x°mu®î®w®± î®±±î®±âm ïÇ®±Øî®u®«w® (718−52) D î®±±š®±xNµ²ºl® ý¯š®w®u®ªå š®²Š®š®ÙS®ou®− N¯o²Š®± S®ou® bµ¶w¯X¯Š®ãŠ® S®±Š®±þÇ®ã y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± xŠ®²y®nµ‰±uµ [HBŠ¬JHš¬C 1916−17. ›.z. w®º. 1] š®²Š®š®ÙS®ou® ¯U¯oºv ‹™và N®©åw®±Ý ›ºvSµ‡®± b¯O‡®±„µà‡®±± xªå›u®¡®± [š¹.C.C. 20, 286. 1068] š®²Š®š®ÚS®o yµºy®¼ îµq®±Ùu®± î®±q®±Ù Au®Š®ªå Yq®ä N®²g¯w®æ‡®±î®¼ y®ä›u®Üî¯Tq®±Ù. [š¹.C.C. 11−1, 3. 1071]

CÇ®±Ô ïþÇ®Ô S®oS®¢ºu® î®±q®±Ù Cu®NµÊ œµ²ºvNµ²ºl® œ®©î®¼S®X®ÐS®¢ºu® N®²mu® ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®îµ° Kºu®± î®±²© š®ºU®î¯T y®‹S®pq®î¯Tq®±Ù.