Jain World
 
     
  Email this page       

Combining  JAIN aspirations..Globally...... Mission*24L*
Jain World
Sub-Categories  of CHANDRAKODE

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 21
CHAPTER 31
CHAPTER 41
CHAPTER 51
CHAPTER 61
CHAPTER  71

CHANDRAKODE

u®±S®«›ºœ® î®±q®±Ù y®ºX®q®ºq®ä
y®‹þ°©wµ

œ ®wµ²Ýºu®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® N®w®Ýl® š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå u®±S®«›ºœ ®w® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä Kºu®± S®oã N®³r. Au®±î®ŠµSµ §°ïc‡®±, S®±oî®î®±«, y®ºy®, yµ½w®Ý, Š®w¯ÝvS®¡®± N®w®Ýl® N¯î®ãy®u®ÜrSµ Kºu®± ›u®Ü š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý uµ²Š®O›Nµ²iÔu®ÛŠ®±. X®ºy®½Š®²y® q®w®Ý y®½o«Š®²y®u®ªå îµ±¶uµ²°‹q®±Ù. D N®ïS®¡® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±w®±Ý, y®ä„¯î®î®w®±Ý KzÞNµ²ºl®Š®² u®±S®«›ºœ ® q®w®Ý š®æºrNµ‡®±w®±Ý „µ°Šµ²ºu®± ‹°r‡®±ªå qµ²°‹›u¯Ûwµ. q®w®Ý N¯î®ãu® ®±ÙïS¯T, y®ºy¯vS®¡®ºqµ Bq® Š¯î®¾¯‡®±o î®±œ ¯„Â¯Š®q®S®¢Sµ îµ²Šµ œ µ²°S®ª©å. î®±r°‡®± y®¼Š¯oS®¡®w®±Ý Bý®ä‰±š®ª©å. œ ®±iÔxºu® Bq® îµ¶vN®. š®æî®±q¯†   xîµ°ý®ïuµ. ý®, N®±©S¹Š®î®S®¡®ªå A†Ã¯w®ïuµ; Cî®NµÊ 1−28 ‹ºu® 1−60 Š® µSµ …Š®±î® y®u®ãS®¡µ° š¯¤. Ÿ°Tu®²Û Bq® „Â¯Š®q® „¯S®î®q®S®¡® ®±Ùî®w®±Ý HrÙ Ÿmv©å. Kºu®± ›u®Ü y®Š®ºy®Šµ‰±ºu® N®¡®YNµ²ºl®±, š®æq®ºq®ä u®³™ ÔNµ²°w®vºu® „Â¯Š®r°‡®± N®s®w® î¯W⇮±î®w®±Ý Aw®±š®ºu¯x›u¯Ûwµ. Aªå Bq®w® î®±wµ²°u®«NµÊ Ÿm›u®±Û y®ºX®q®ºq®ä, Au®Š®ªå‡®±² q®w®Ý AŸºš¯ uµ²°Š®nµSµ Aw®±S®±oî¯u® ®±„¯S®„®hÔ š®ºy®äu¯‡®±u® y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®w®±Ý KzÞNµ²ºmu¯Ûwµ. Cu®± Mu¯Š®ãvºu® N®²mu® î®±±N®Ù œ ¯S®² š®æq®ºq®ä î®±w®›éSµ ¯q®ä š¯u®ã Hº…±u®w®±Ý wµwµu¯S® N®ï‡®± Ÿ‹îµ± î®±w®î®‹Nµ‡®¾¯Tq®Ùuµ. Au®Š®ºqµ N®ïSµ u®« y®äš¯Š® ¯l®±î® EuµÛ°ý®ï©å…±u®² š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

y®ºX®q®ºq®ä b¯w®y®u® AvÃS®î®±vºu® N®±m‡µ²l®u® N®s¯S®±X®Ð. N®ï D b¯w®y®u® š®q®æî®w®±Ý KzÞ î®¾¯w®ã ¯mu¯Ûwµ. þÇ®Ô š¯Ÿq®ãu® š®îµ±u® b¯l®w®±Ý Ÿmu®ºqµ îµ±°©±wµ²°hNµÊ qµ²°‹u®Š®², þÇ®Ô š¯Ÿq®ãu® š®îµ±u® b¯l®w®±Ý Ÿmu®ºqµ îµ±°©±wµ²°hNµÊ qµ²°‹u®Š®², Bq® cw®š¯î®¾¯w®ãŠ® Š®²mÃS®qµS®¡®w®±Ý S¹Š®ï›u¯Ûwµºu®± y®‹þ°©wµ‰±ºu® îµ°u®ãî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. cw®y®u® N®s¯ š¯Ÿq®ã H©å uµ°ý®S®¡®©²å CŠ®±q®Ùuµ. „Â¯Š®q®u®©²å …œ®¡® Ÿºvxºu® Cuµ. N®sµ œµ°¡®±î®¼u®± œ¯S®² Nµ°¡®±î®¼u®± ¯w®î®w®ÇµÔ° œ®¡µ‡®±u®±. uµ°ý®vºu® uµ°ý®NµÊ N®sµS®¡®± y¯ä¯p›u¯S®©² A A©åªåw® …oØ q®¡µu®±, B‡®¾¯ î®±pØw® S®±oî®w®±Ý îµ±¶u®±º†Nµ²ºl®± B‡®¾¯ cw®Š® „¯¢w®ªå œ¯š®± œµ²N¯ÊS®±q®Ùîµ. q®q¯Ê©u®ªå y®äX®ªq®ïŠ®±î® u®«u®î®Š®² Aºq® N®sµS®¡®w®±Ý q®î®±â u®«y®äX¯Š®NµÊ A¡®î®m›Nµ²¡®±ëu®± Ay®‹Yq®î®©å. Cºq®œ®î®¼S®¡®ªå y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N®sµS®¡®² …Š®±q®Ùîµ. ïÇ®±Øý®î®±«w®u®± Ÿºu®² y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®¾¯u®Šµ, ®±„¯S® „®hÔw®u®± bµ¶w® y®Š®ºy®Šµ. u®±S®«›ºœ® D HŠ®l®wµ‡®± š®ºy®äu¯‡®± Ÿmvu¯Ûwµ.

N®w®Ýl®N¯î®ã Aw®±î¯u®î¯u®Š®² q®w®Ýq®w®î®w®±Ý N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²ºmuµ. Cªåw® N®qµS®¡®± y¹äl® S®º†Ã°Š® ŸwµÝŒµ‡®±ªå x©å…©±åî¯u®Š®² A š¯î®¾¯w®ãŠ®w®±Ý î®±±h±Ôu®± Au®Š® b¯w®y®u® ýµ¶ª‡®± îµ²°œ®N®qµ‰±ºu®. Au®Š® N®s¯Š®º„® AŠ®î®±wµ‡®±ªå, Au®Š® š®±Š®¢S®¡®± EŠ®±¡®±î®¼u®± AŠ®oãu®ªå, y¯äp y®äy®ºX®u®ªå. y¯äpS®¢Sµ° î®±w®±Ç®ãq®æu® Bе²°y®, Awµ²ã°OÙ‡µ±° Cªåw® ¯u®ãî®± Kºuµ²ºu®± „¯î®NµÊ Kºuµ²ºu®± y¯äp y®är°N®î¯T x©±åq®Ùuµ. Cºq® Kºu®± N®©Þwµ‡µ±° y®‹„¯î®ãî¯Tuµ. u¯‹q®zÞu® u®l®Ö НcN®±î®¾¯Š®‹Sµ Al®Öu¯‹‰±ºu® AŠ®š®±u¯‹Sµ ru®Û©± Cu®Oʺq® ý®OÙ‡®±±q®î¯u® ¯u®ãî®± Cwµ²Ýºv©å. Ÿ°S¯T y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ªå ŸTÌ›u®, Kîµ²âîµ±âÉN®±TÌ›u®, rvÛu®, cw®y®u® N®sµS®¡®± š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î¯Tuµ. N®ï u®±S®«›ºœ® b¯w®y®u®vºu® š®²Þr«Sµ²ºl®î®w®±; b¯w®y®u®u®ªå B¡®î¯T „µ°Š®±†hî®w®±.

y®ºX®q®ºq®äu® N®s¯î®±±Q îµ±°ªw® x©±î®w®±Ý š®î®±t«š®±q®Ùuµ. D N¯s¯Š®º„® î®±±ºuµ œ®‹œ®Š®w®ºq® Ÿ‹‡®± š®ºy®äu¯‡®± N®ïSµ îµ±°©ÞºOÙ œ¯O Nµ²hÔºqµ qµ²°Š®±q®Ùuµ: ``œ®Š®º u®Š®œ®›q® î®u®w¯Š®ïºu®w¯T y¯î®«rS®y®½î®« î®±y®Þ N®sµS®¡®º yµ°¦±rÙŠ®Œ¯
N®s¯Sµ²°™Õ‡µ²¡¬ y®¼Ç®Þu®ºq®wµº…ºS®o y®äu¯w® xuµ«©åî®±º Nµ°¡¯Û q®wµ°w¯w®±îµ²ºu®± N¯Š®ovº ¯w®î®Œµ²°N®uµ²¡¬ y®¼iÔ S®±n¯l®ãwµº… š®q®Ê¾¯T ý¯ªî¯œ®w®wµº… X®N®äî®r«‡®± N®ï‡®¾¯Tu®±« œ®Š®º T‹š®±qµSµ yµ°¦¯Û N®sµS®¡®º yµ¶ý¯X®N® „¯ǵ‡µ²¡¬ …³œ®q®ÊsµS®¡®º ¯m yµ°¦²Ûl®î®º ®±„¯S® „®hÔº Nµ°¡¯Û N®s¯š®î®±±u®äuµ²¡¬ y®ºX®Š®q®Ýî®±yµÞȶu®± N®sµS®¡®w¯‡®±±Û Nµ²ºl®± y®ºX®q®ºq®äîµ±ºu®± yµš®‹h±Ô š®î®±š®Ù cS®cÑwµ²°y® N¯Š¯s®«º yµ°¦Ûw®u®¥¿º

®±„¯S® „®hÔ N®³r‡®±º
®±u¯vÃy®Ÿq®î®±w®R© ï…±u® š®±Ùq®î®±º |
yµ½š®q¯Tе Yš®±îµº
®±î®±r‡µ²¡¬ y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®±º N®w®Ýmvº || 1−62''

u®±S®«›ºœ®w® N®³r‡®±ªå, qµ²°‹NµSµ X®ºy®½Š®²y®u®ªåu®ÛŠ®², y®u®ãOʺq® S®u®ã„¯S®îµ° œµX®±Ï. y®u®ãS®¡®©²å 458 N®w®Ýl®, 230 š®ºš®Êȳq®; N®w®Ýl®u® y®u®ãS®¡®©²å š®î®±î®³q®ÙS®¢Tºq® N®ºu®y®u®ãS®¡µ° (304) œµYÏîµ. u®±S®«›ºœ® Aw®±š®‹š®vŠ®±î® ïÇ®±Øý®î®±«w® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä S®S®¢î®¼.

ï±q®ä„µ°u®» š®±œ®³Œ¯å„®» š®ºvÃï«S®äœ® Iî® X®
©…Üw¯ý®î®±š®ºyµä°£® N¯‹q¯ y®ºX®q®ºq®äN®º

Aºu®Šµ ï±q®ä„µ°u®, ï±q®ä š®ºy¯äzÙ, N¯Nµ²°©²O°‡®±º, ©…Üy®än¯ý®î®¾¬, Ay®‹°¤q® N¯Š®N®º Hº… A‡®±±Û q®ºq®äS®¢îµ. u®±S®«›ºœ® Aw®±š®‹›Š®±î® ®±„¯S® š®ºy®äu¯‡®±u® y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ªåŠ®±î® „¯S®S®¡®±:

„µ°u®» y®‹°£¯ ïý¯æš®» X®q®±s®«º X®w®º N®s¯ |
ï±q®ä N¯‡®±«º X® y®ºXµ¶qµ q®s¯š®Ùºq¯äs®« š®ºcÓN¯» ||

Aºu®Šµ „µ°u®, y®‹°£¯, ïý¯æš®, X®w¯, ï±q®äN¯‡®±« Hº… A‡®±±Û q®ºq®ä y®äN®Š®oS®¢îµ.

ïÇ®±Øý®î®±« œ¯S®² ®±„¯S®Š® š®ºy®äu¯‡®±S®¡®ªå î®ãq¯ãš®S®¢u®ÛŠ®² š¯u®³ý®ãS®¡µ° œµYÏîµ. y®äu¯w®î¯T Hu®±Û N¯o±î® Kºu®± Aºq®Š®îµºu®Šµ ®±„¯S® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±ªå bµ¶w®u®«u® xŠ®²y®nµSµ y¯äý®š®ñ Nµ²iÔŠ®±î®¼u®±. D ¯q®± œµ°¡®±î¯S® Kºu®±
š®ºý®‡®±î®½ Hu®±Š¯S®±q®Ùuµ. ®±„¯S®w® b¯r, N®±©, uµ°ý® 𮋇®¾¯T r¢‡®±u®±; Bq®w® ïX¯Š®î¯T ïýµ°Ç®î¯T „µ¡®N®± XµªåŠ®±î® N®³r N®²l® D N®w®Ýl®u® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä. N®w®Ýl® y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ªå N®ºl®±…Š®±î® bµ¶w® y®ä„¯î®î®w®±Ý HǮԊ® î®±iSµ Aw®±y®©…Ü î®±²©N®³rSµ Bе²°zš®…œ®±uµº…±u®w®²Ý BŒµ²°Y𮄵°N¯S®±q®Ùuµ. u®±S®«›ºœ® N®²l®, b¯r‡®±ªå væcw¯u®Š®², „µ¡µu® y®‹š®Š® bµ¶w®î®±‡®±î¯Tu®±Ûu®‹ºu®Œµ²° Iwµ²° ®±„¯S® š®ºy®äu¯‡®±î®wµÝ° ¯w®ã¯mu®Ûwµºu®± œµ°¡®±î®¼u®± Kºu®± Fœµ. Cu®NµÊ Cwµ²Ýºu®± î®±±Q Cuµ.

w¯S®î®î®¾¯«vS®¢u®±Û 𮇮±ãm‡®± y®äuµ°ý® œ¯S®± Au®±î®ŠµSµ N®w®Ýl®u®ªå Š®Yq®î¯Tu®Û š¯Ÿq®ã bµ¶w®î®±‡®±î¯Tq®±Ù. D „¹Sµ²°¢N®, НcO°‡®± œ¯S®² š¯Ÿq®ãu® š®ºu®„®«u®ªå „µ¡µu®± …ºu® u®±S®«›ºœ® bµ¶w®q®æî®w®±Ý y®¼Š®š®Ê‹›u® ®±„¯S® š®ºy®äu¯‡®±u® y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®w®±Ý ›æ°N®‹›u®ÛŠ®ªå BN®›âN®qµTºq® EuµÛ°ý®y®½‹q® ŒµN¯ÊX¯Š® N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. u®±S®«›ºœ® š®â‹š®±î® N®ïS®¡® y®iÔ N®²l® Cu®w®±Ý y®¼™Ô°N®‹š®±q®Ùuµ. cqµSµ N¯î®ãu®ªå A©åªå N®ºl®±…Š®±î® bµ¶w®y®Š®î¯u® ï®nµ‡®±w®²Ý D ŸwµÝŒµ‡®±ªå S®î®±xš®…œ®±u®±. AŸºš¯ y®äry¯u®wµ, „¯î¯î®¢ xŠ®²y®nµ, Nµ°î®©b¯Ów® йu®äu¯ãw® cw¯âºq®Š® ®w®, vS®º…Š® š®î®o, X®‹Sµ y®ºX¯ý®ÏŠ®ã Bq®«u¯w®ã, N®î®±« y¯äu¯w®ã Cå u®±S®«›ºœ®w®ªå y®ä‡µ²°S®î¯Tîµ. š®î®±N¯ª°w® bµ¶w® u®°«q®ÊÇ®«u® î¯q¯î®Š®ou® þý®±î¯u® D N®ï q®w®Ý N¯î®ãu®©²å bµ¶w®y®Š®î¯u® ï®nµSµ Aî®N¯ý® N®ªÞ› Ÿ°Tu®Ûªå Cu®w®±Ý u®±S®«›ºœ®w® š®æºq® šµ°y®«lµ‡µ±ºu®ÇµÔ° r¢‡®±„µ°N¯S®±q®Ùuµ, î®±²©N®³rSµ Bе²°zš®±î® AS®q®ã †°¡®±î®¼v©å.

D š®ºS®rS®¡µ°wµ° CŠ®ª, y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N¯î®ãu® î®±œ®q®æ xºrŠ®±î®¼u®± D Aºý®S®¡®©å©å. y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N®³r x°rSµ œµ°Sµ œµš®Š¯Tuµ‡µ²° œ¯Sµ‡µ±° î®ãºS®ã ïl®º…wµS®¢S®² y®ä›u®Üî¯Tuµ. î®±²©q®» Cu®Š® N®s¯w®N®u®Œµå° Cºs® ïl®º…w¯†Ãî®ãOÙSµ š®œ¯‡®±N®î¯S®±î® š¯î®±Tä ïy®¼©î¯TŠ®±î®¼u®w®±Ý N®ï …¡®›Nµ²¡®±ëu®Š® cqµSµ Au®Š®ªå MYq®ãî®w®±Ý šµ°‹›u¯Ûwµ. D MYq®ãu®Šµ, x°r š¯î®¾¯w®ãî¯T Ar‡®¾¯u®Šµ „µ°š®Š® œ®±iÔš®±î®ºs¯u®±Û; Cu®Š® IN®q¯w®î®w®±Ý Klµu®±, N¯î®ãu®ªå Š®ºcwµ œ¯S®² u®æx y®¼™Ô‡®±w®±Ý q®Š®±î®ªå D ïl®º…wµ Aq®ãºq® š®î®±ºcš®î¯u® q®ºq®äî¯Tuµ.

y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ªå …Š®±î® H©å y¯q®äS®¡®² y¯äp y®äy®ºX®vºu®Œµ° B‡®±Ûºq®œ®î®¼ −š®ºd°î®N®, N®Š®hN®, u®î®±w®N®, zºS®¡®N® Cq¯ãv. AS®¡® œµš®Š®±S®¡®² Au®Š®u®Š® š®æ„Â¯î®î®w®±Ý î¯ãP¯ãw® …‡®±š®uµ ïš®±î®ºrîµ. D y¯äpS®¡®± y¯äpS®¢Sµ š®œ®cî¯u® ‹°r‡®±ªå wµ¶š®T«N®î¯T î®r«š®uµ, Au®Oʺq® †Ãw®Ýî¯T ¯w®î® ‹°r‡®±ªå Aš®œ®cî¯T î®r«š®±q®Ùîµ. Aºu®Šµ D y¯äpS®¡®± ¯w®±™N®î¯u® H©å O䇮¾¯ î¯ãy¯Š®S®¡®w®²Ý w®lµš®±q®Ùîµ. œ¯S®‡µ±° î®±w®±Ç®ÝÉãw® K¡µë‡®± œ¯S®² NµhÔ S®±oS®¡µŠ®l®w®²Ý y®ärxvÚ®±q®Ùîµ. D y¯q®äS®© y®‹X®‡®±î¯S®±î¯S® y¯äpS®¡®± Ÿ°Sµ î®ã®‹š®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãîµ° Hº… š®ºý®‡®± q®Œµuµ²°Š®±î®¼u®± š®œ®c. Au®w®±Ý œµ²°S¯Œ¯m𮩱 N®ï œ®±l®±OŠ®±î® Ey¯‡®±îµºu®Šµ AS®¡® w®l¯î®¢‡®±w®±Ý q¯O«N®î¯T š®‹S¯o±î®ºqµ Yräš®±î®¼u®±.

ïl®º…wµ î®±q®±Ù œ¯š®ãu®ªå q®N®«NµÊ š¯Úw®ïu®ÛŠ®² Au®± S¹o. q®N®«Oʺq® Cªå Aš®ºS®q®qµ As®î¯ Ar î®±S®Üqµ CŠ®±î®¼u®w®±Ý S®î®±xš®±qµÙ°îµ. š¯î®¾¯w®ãî¯T H©å cw®y®u® N®qµS®¡®± D Aš®ºS®q® š®ºS®rS®¡®w®±Ý K¡®Sµ²ºl®² Aî®w®±Ý u¯iu® š®q®ãîµ½ºu®w®±Ý y®äry¯vš®±î® 𮩱î¯T O䇮¾¯î®±±Qî¯TŠ®± q®Ùîµ Hº…±u®w®±Ý S®±Š®±rš®…œ®±u¯Tuµ. Š®²y®N® C©åîµ° Awµ²ã°OÙS®¡®± Cºs® ïl®º…wµ‡®±ªå œµ°Š®¡®î¯T …¡®Nµ‡®¾¯S®±î®¼u®±ºh±. Cªå Œ¹ON®î¯u® q®N®«NµÊ vær°‡®± š¯Úw®. D Awµ²ã°OÙ ïl®º†š®±î® š®ºS®r ¯q®ä î®ã¯Š¯vS®¢Sµ q®±º… ¹ªN®î¯u®u¯ÛTŠ®±q®Ùuµº…±u®w®²Ý î®±Šµ‡®±±î®ºr©å.

îµ±°ªw® D š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý KzÞNµ²ºl®± u®±S®«›ºœ®w® y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®w®±Ý y®‹þ°ª›u®Šµ Cm‡®± N¯î®ãîµ° ïl®º…wµ‡®±ªå BX¯Ðvq®î®Tuµ‡µ±º… š®ºS®r q®w®Sµ q¯wµ° xX®w®Sµ²¡®±ëq®Ùuµ. î®±w®±Ç®ãw® xS®²l®î¯u® š®ºî®³q® š®æ„Â¯î¯vS®¡®± Cªå y¯äp¯u®ãî®±u® î®±²©N®î¯T xq®Sµ²¡®±ëî® ïu¯w® N®Œ¯q®âN®î¯Tuµ. q®w®Ý š®î®±N¯ª°w® d°î®w®NµÊ N®ï qµ²°Š®±î® y®ärO䇵±S®¡®± N®²l¯ y®³s®N®Ê‹š®Œ¯S®u®Ç®±Ô î®±²©u¯q®±ïwµ²l®wµ „µšµu®±Nµ²ºmîµ.

D N®³r‡®±ªå „µ°u® y®äN®Š®o îµ²u®©wµ‡®± X¹N®iÔwµ²¡®Sµ …Š®±î® N®sµ‡®±wµÝ° y®‹þ°ª›u®Š®² ïl®º…wµ HÇ®±Ô S®º†Ã°Š®î¯T N¯î®ãu®ªå …Š®±q®Ùuµº…±u®± Sµ²q¯ÙS®±q®Ùuµ. Kh±Ô N®qµ‡®±ªå u®î®±w®N®wµº… w®‹‡®±uµ° N¯Š®±„¯Š®±. Au®± q®w®Ý …u®±N®w®±Ý y®äî®±±Qu®± r¢u® A›Ùq®æî¯v‡®¾¯u® y¯äp. Au®‹ºu® š®ºd°î®N® Ǯ„® î®±q®±Ù zºS®¡®N® ›ºœ® CS®¡® w®l®±îµ šµÝ°œµ²°u®‡®±N®²Ê ïš®ºvÃS®² Aw®±N®²©N®Š® y®äš®ºS®S®¡®w®±Ý q®w®Ý îµ¶‡®±OÙN® ýµä°‡®±›éSµ îµ±iÔŒ¯S®±î®ºqµ xﱫš®±q¯Ù œµ²°S®±î® š®ºS®r š¯æŠ®š®ãî¯T î®p«q®î¯Tuµ. D N®s¯ºS® …œ®¡® O‹u®±. Au®‹ºu¯T CªåŠ®±î® N®qµSµ Aw®±Ç®ºTN®î¯T …Š®±î® Ey®N®qµS®¡®± š¯N®™Ôîµ.

Ey®N®qµS®¡®ªå‡®±² x°r‡µ±° îµ±¶u®±º† y¯äpy®äy®ºX®u® w¯S®‹N®Š®wµÝ° K¡®Sµ²ºl®± …Š®±î®¼u®w®±Ý S®î®±x𮄵°N®±. y¯äpS®¡µ° y®äu¯w®î¯TŠ®±î® y®ºX®q®ºq®äu® 65 YN®ÊYN®Ê N®qµS®¡®ªå î®±w®±Ç®ã‹Sµ y®äîµ°ý® x™u®Üîµ°w®² A©å. A©åªå ¯w®î® š®º…ºu®î¯u® N®qµS®¡®² šµ°‹Nµ²ºmîµ. ¯w®î®Š® N®qµS®¡®w®²Ý y¯äpS®¡µ° œµ°¡®±q®Ùî®qµ. A©åuµ Cªå ¯w®î® y¯q®äS®¡®± …Š®±î®¼uµ°xu®ÛŠ®² y¯äpS®¡µ²l®wµ Bq®xTŠ®±î® î®ãq¯ãš® îµ¶u®³ý®ãS®¡®w®±Ý qµ²°‹š®±î® 𮩱î¯S®ÇµÔ°. îµ¶u®³ý®ãu® xN®Ç®u®ªå ¯w®ï°‡®± ¹©ãS®¡®± y®äN¯þq®î¯S®±q®Ùîµ. î®±±Qã ýµ²ä°q®³S®¡¯u® НcN®±î®¾¯Š®Š®w®±Ý Œµ²°N®b¯Ów®±S®¡®w¯ÝTš®±î®¼u®± CS®¡® EuµÛ°ý®. œ¯Sµºu®±, Nµ°¡®± cw®îµ±°c‡®±Š¯‡®± C©åîµ° Bªš®± ýµä°pN® w®³y®wµ° Hº…ºs® ¯u®‹‡®±w®±Ý Ÿmu®± `Nµ°¡®± НcN®±î®¾¯Š¯' Hºu®± …Š®±î®¼v©å.

Cǵ԰ A©åuµ y®ºX®q®ºq®äu® î®±uÂµã …Š®±î® Eu®Üȳq®S®¡®±, î¯Nµ²ã°u®ÜŠ®oS®¡®± y®ä›u®Ü y®¼Š¯o C©åîµ° N¯î®ãS®¢ºu® œµOêu®î®¼S®¡µ° BTŠ®±q®Ùîµ; î®l¯ÖНu®wµ‡®± ¯u®‹‡®±w®±Ý X®ºy®½ Š®²y®NµÊ ً›u®Šµ y®ºX®q®ºq®äî¯S®±q®Ùuµw®±Ýruµ. Kºu®± N®qµ AŸºšµ‡®± î®±œ®q®æî®w®±Ý š¯Š®©± …ºvu®Ûе. Au®Š® Ey®N®qµS®¡®± „µ°Šµ „µ°Šµ š®ºS®rS®¡® š®î®±s®«wµSµ q®Œµœ¯N®±q®Ùîµ. š®y®« î®±q®±Ù N®Sµ‡®± N®qµ, ²°và …ªÇ®Õw¯u®Š®² N¯‡®±Áš¯u®wµ‡®± y®s®î®w®±Ý qµ²°‹›, ‡®±ý®š®éw®±Ý y®iÔ Ÿmu®± š¯vÛ BX®‹›Nµ²¡®ë„µ°Nµº… u®æx‡®±w®±Ý r¢š®±q®Ùuµ. þ®²r‡®± N®sµ‡®±ªå N®³q®cÓqµ−N®³q®U®ÝqµS®¡® q¯Š®q®î®±ã î®±l®±S®iÔuµ Ÿ°Sµ‡µ±° Kºuµ²ºu®± N®s¯w®N®u® S®ºq®î®ã Kºuµ²ºu®± ¹©ãu® š®ºS®r‡®± š®î®±s®«wµSµºuµ° œµnµu®±Nµ²ºmŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cªå …Š®±î® xr š¯î®«N¯ªN® š®æŠ®²y®uµÛ° BTŠ®„µ°Nµº… x…«ºu®w®² C©å. œ¯Sµ wµ²°l®±î®¼u¯u®Šµ Cºs® wµ°q¯ãq®âN® u®³™Ô‡µ±° î®ãOÙ‰±ºu® î®ãOÙSµ î®±q®±Ù N¯© N¯©NµÊ …u®Œ¯S®±q¯Ù œµ²°S®±q®Ùuµº… Aºý®î®w®±Ý î®±Šµ‡®±„¯Š®u®±. œ®‹N®sµ‡®± ¯u®‹‡®±ªå y®ºX®q®ºq®äu® N®sµS®¡®± †YÏNµ²ºl®Š®² C Œ¯U®î® y®Š®ã¯w® y®lµ‡®±±î®¼v©å.

`D N®sµ, Cºs®uµ²ºu®± x°rS¯T' Hºu®± SµŠµœ¯ONµ²ºl®± N®sµ œµ°¡® œµ²Š®iu®Ûе Au®Š®ªå Aǵ²Ô°ºu®± šµ²S®š®± CŠ®±rÙŠ®ª©å. Bu®Û‹ºu®Œµ° N®sµ‡®±ªå allegoric Bu® y¯q®äS®¡®w®±Ý q®ºu®±, š®²N®Ù š®ºu®„®«S®¡®w®±Ý xﱫ› B‡®¾¯ U®hwµS®¡®w®±Ý ïš®±î® X®î®±q¯ÊŠ®vºu® N®²mu® q®ºq®äîµ½ºu®± D N¯î®ãu®ªå A¡®î®iÔuµ. Cu®Š®ªå …Š®±î® Nµ©î®¼ î®o«wµS®¡®± N®s¯ºS®NµÊ wµ°Š®î¯T œµ²ºu®±î®¼v©å…±u®± xc. Bu®Š®² A q®î®±Sµ q¯îµ° x©å…©å „¯S®S®¡¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. Au®Š®ºqµ A©åªå …Š®±î® AŠ®oãu®, y¯äoS®¡® Nµ©î®¼ Yq®äS®¡®±, š®ºš®Êȳq® „®²‰±Ç®Õî¯Tu®ÛŠ®², œ®³u®‡®±ºS®î®± î¯Tuµ. š®ºd°î®N® Ǯ„®w® œ¯S®² zºS®¡®N® î®±³S®Š¯cw® Yq®äS®¡®±:

š®±ßŠ®u®£®²o ïǯo Nµ²°i u®¢q® yµ½ä°q®±ÙºS® â°N®w®±
u®±ÜŠ® S®º†Ã°Š® y®‡µ²°u®w¯u®w®r y®¼Ç¯ÞºS®º „®³œ®q®ÊºuÂ®Š¯º
q®Š®w®±u¯Ûî®±…¡®º î®±œ¯S®œ®w®uµ²¡¬ š®ºd°î®N®º N®²lµ š®º
X®‹š®±rÙu®±«u®w®²z°w® N®N®±u®º q®xÝXµÐ‰±º xX®Ï©±º || 80 ||

y¯äl®u®„®äîµ±°U® y®hŒ¯ºq®‹qµ°ºu®± ›‡®±º š®±Š¯
d°î®Š®c» N®u®º…î®w® Nµ¶Š®î® X¯Š®± N®¢ºu® N®w®ãN¯
d°î®w®î®vëq¯‡®±q® q®î®¾¯©î®w¯ºq®Š®u®ªå xºu® š®º
d°î®N®w®º î®±³Sµ°ºu®ä š®Yî¯S®äp N®ºš®w®Qºl® š®q®æw®º || 97 ||

„®ºS®±Š® †Ã°Ç®o„®±ä N®±iu®ºÇ®ów®±u®S®äu®î¯w®© y®ä„¯
„®ºS® zý®ºS® Nµ°š®Š® š®g¯î®³q® йu®äî®±±Qº î®±u¯ºu®¯
q®ºS® U®g¯ïU®hÔw® y®iÇ®ÕN®jµ²°Š® w®P¯¢ w¯î®±vº
zºS®¡®N®º î®±³Sµ°ºu®äwµ²šµvy®¼«u®q®N®ã« y®Š¯N®äî®± N®äº || 81 ||

D zºS®¡®N® š®ºd°î®N®Š® y®äs®î®± š®ºu®ý®«w® N¯©u® E„®‡®± N®±ý®Œµ²°y®‹‡®± š¯ºy®äq® š®º„Â¯Ç®nµ‡®±w®±Ý šµŠµŸmu®± Nµ²l®±î® y®ä‡®±q®Ý:

Evq®šµâ°Š®x„µ°ºu®äîµ¶‹ w®‡®±vº Nµ¶x°m Sµ²°î®±±Qã…
ªåu®Šµ° š®ºq®š®îµ±° N®Š®º N®±ý®©îµ±° £µ°î®¾¯ºS®îµ±° uµ°î® š®
î®±³u®î®±±º …ªåuµî¯º N®Š®º N®±ý®©î®±±º £µ°î®¾¯ºS®ï±°S®¡¬ „®î®
q®Þu®y®ºNµ°c ²°N® b¯q® u®‡µ±‰±ºu¯uµº î®±³S¯vðý®æŠ¯ || 109 ||

Cu®Š®ºqµ y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ªå Ay®½î®«î¯u® š®±„Â¯™q® Š®q®ÝS®¡®± š®²Šµ œµ²°Tîµ. ¯u®‹Sµºu®± Kºu®± A‡µ²°«OÙ‡®±w®±Ý Eu¯œ®‹š®…œ®±u®±:

ý®²ä‡®±q¯º u®«š®î®«š®æº ý®±äq¯æXµ¶î¯î®uÂ¯Š®ã q¯º
Bq®âw®» y®ärN®²Œ¯x y®Šµ°Ç¯º w® š®î®¾¯X®Šµ°q¬ ||

š®ºš®Êȳq® š®±„Â¯™q®S®¢Sµ …еu®, w®l®±S®w®Ýl® „¯ǵ‡®±ªåŠ®±î® ï®nµ‡®±² „¯ǯý¯š®ô u®³™Ô‰±ºu® A„¯㚯œ®«î¯Tuµ.

Ÿ°Sµ N¯î¯ãq®âN®î¯T, S®u®ãy®u®ã ï±§q® š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý Š®²y®N®xÇ®Õ œ¯v‡®±ªå œµ°¢u®Š®², N®sµ‡®± Ÿºvw® q¯ræN® š®ºS®r‰±ºu¯T Au®NµÊ ïýµ°Ç® î®±œ®q®æ …ºu®±†l®±q®Ùuµ. š¯uÂ¯Š®o N®s¯ S®±X®Ðî¯S®…œ®±u¯u® N®³rSµ ïl®º…wµ „µŒµ q®ºu®±Nµ²iÔuµ; y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®w®±Ý wµ²°l®±î® u®³™Ô î®±q®±Ù ïî®±þ«š®±î® ïu¯w®S®¢Sµ° Kºu®± œµ²š® ›°î®¾¯Šµ°Pµ‡®±w®±Ý xﱫ›Nµ²iÔuµ.

y®ºX®q®ºq®ä š®º¤y®Ù ¯w®î® cS®q®±Ù. Au®± î®±w®±Ç®ã y®äy®ºX®NµÊ Ÿmu® N®w®m, Cu®‹ºu¯T Cªåw® N®sµS®¡®± ¯î®±²ªw® N®s¯š¯Ÿq®ãOʺq® †Ãw®Ý ïþÇ®Ô BTîµ. Š¯î®¾¯‡®±o î®±œ¯„Â¯Š®q®S®¢Sµ œµ²°ª›u¯S® D Aºý® š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Aªåw® N®sµS®¢Tºq® Cªåw®î®¼ y®äqµã°N®î¯TŠ®±î®¼u®±, Cªå y¯äpŒµ²°N®u® ⇮±ïuµ‡µ±º… N¯Š®ovºu®©å. Cªåw® EuµÛ°ý® N®²l® Nµ°î®© u®« C©åîµ° wµ¶rN® ¹©ãî®w®±Ý HrÙ Ÿm‡®±±î®¼u®©å, y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N®³r Œµ²°N®d°î®w®u®, xq®ã …u®±Ow® ‡®±ý®›éSµ „µ°N¯u® r¢î®¢Nµ‡®± š®ºS®äœ®„®ºl¯Š®, „¯¢w®ªå Hu®±Š¯S®±î® Hl®Š®±qµ²l®Š®±S®¡®w®±Ý x›Nµ²ºl®± xНq®ºN®î¯T d°ïš®±î® Нc¯S®« Š®œ®š®ãu® y®äry¯u®wµ, œ®SµS®¡®w®±Ý Sµ¡µ‡®±Š®w¯ÝT›Nµ²¡®±ëî® b¯nµâ, î®±w®±Ç®ãd°î®w®u® l¯º†ÃN®qµ, l¹©±, u®„¯à¢Nµ, X®N®q®w® îµ²u®Œ¯u® x°X®S®±oS®¡® AoN®.

Awµ²ã°O٠¯S®«î®w®±Ý Aº†› y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N¯î®ã š¯vÃ›Š®±î® ‡®±ý®š®±é Yºq®x°‡®±. q®î®±Sµ q¯î®¼ š®æq®ºq®äî¯T x©±åî® †mS®qµS®¡®w®±Ý Kh±Ô Kºu®± AQºl® N¯î®ã …ºu®u®ªå š®²rä°N®‹› r°î®ä y®‹n¯î®±î®w®±Ý š¯vÛuµ. ›ºœ®, Ǯ„®, w®‹ îµ²u®Œ¯u® y¯q®äS®¡®± y®är°N®S®¡¯T N®s¯ š®ºN®©w®u®ªå N¯p›Nµ²¡®±ëq®Ùîµ. ›ºœ® …©ý¯ª w¯‡®±N®w¯u®Š®², î®±ºu®î®±r; N¯Š®ã N¯Š®o š®º…ºu®S®¡® ŸwµÝŒµ î®±±wµÝŒµ‡®±w®±Ý y®‹þ°ª› A‹‡®±u®î®. uµ²Šµ‡®¾¯u®î®w®± …ªÇ®Õw¯u®Š®ÇµÔ° š¯©u®±. Bq® BŒµ²°X®w¯y®Š®w®² BTŠ®„µ°N®±. Bq®âŠ®£®nµSµ AS®q®ãî¯u®±u®w®±Ý 𮿇®±ºîµ°u®ãî®w¯ÝT›Nµ²¡®±ëî® ïîµ°X®w¯ý®OÙ‡®±w®²Ý S®¢›Nµ²ºmŠ®„µ°N®±. q®w®Ý š®±q®Ù CŠ®±î® y®‹î¯Š®u®î®Š®ªå ‡®¾¯Š®± Ÿqµ¶™S®¡®±, ‡®¾¯Š®± œ®SµS®¡®±, ‡®¾¯Š®± y®äX®Ðw®ÝŠ®± Hº…±u®w®±Ý y®³s®N®Ê‹š®±î® y®äb¯Óq® w¯TŠ®„µ°N®±. „µ°Šµ‡®±î®‹Sµ, A® š®N®Êе w®±mSµ î®±Š®±¡¯T w®î®±â …±v܇®±wµ²ÝzÞ›u®Šµ ïy®q®ÞŠ®ºy®Šµ q®zÞu®Û©å. Cq®Š®Š®± œµ°¢u®ÛwµÝ°, ‡®¾¯î® š®æºq® y®‹þ°©wµ‡®±w®²ÝÉ …‡®±š®uµ Aw¯î®±q¯ÙT N®±Š®±l¯T w®º† w®lµu®Šµ BS®±î® Aw¯œ®±q® Ax®ã. „µ¡®ëTŠ®±î®¼uµ©å œ¯©©å. S¯¢ …ºu¯S® q®²‹Nµ²¡®±ëî® š®î®±‡®± š¯u®N®Š®± š®±q®Ù œµ²ºX®± œ¯N®±rÙŠ®±q¯Ùе. D š®ºS®rS®¡®w®±Ý zºS®¡®N®w® y®‹›Úr ïý®u®y®mš®±q®Ùuµ.

Ǯ„® š®ºd°î®N®w® y¯q®ä A¯‡®±N®w® Aš®œ¯‡®±N®qµSµ, î®±±S®ÜŠ®w®±Ý š¯æt«S®¡®± œµ°Sµ š®æy®ä‡µ²°cw®N¯ÊT …¡®›Nµ²ºl®± …ªNµ²l®±q¯Ùеº…±u®NµÊ š®ºNµ°q® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä y¯q®äS®¡®Œµå° î®±œ¯X®q®±Š®, š¯æt«, Sµ²°š®±º„µ (LrN¯ãq®, qµ²nµØSµ²u®Û) Hºu®Šµ w®‹ u®î®±w®N®. D y¯q®äu®ªå O䇮¾¯þ°©qµ q®±º† q®±¡®±N®±q®Ùuµ, LsµŒµ² w¯hN®u® A (C) ‡®¾¯Sµ² y¯q®äî®w®±Ý wµw®zš®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š® OŒ¯mq®w®, N®zî®±±™Ô. N¯‡®±«ý®äuµÜ‡®±ºqµ N¯Š®ãu®£®qµ Œµ²°N®y®ä›vÜ y®lµvuµ. q®w®Tºq® îµ±°ªŠ®±î® AvÃN¯‹S®¡®w®±Ý œµ²S®¢Nµ‡®± œ¯Š® œ¯O y®äš®w®ÝSµ²¢š®±î® N®Œµ Cu®NµÊ AºSµ¶ îµ±°ªw® wµªåN¯‰±.

y®ºX®q®ºq®ä ïl®º…wµ‡®± îµ²w®X®± ‡®±sµ°X®Ðî¯Tuµ. š®î®¾¯cu®ªå w®lµ‡®±±î® Hǵ²Ô° î®±Šµîµ²°š® N®±réq®S®¡®w®±Ý, î®ãOÙ î®ãOÙS®¡® š®œ®c u¹…«©ãS®¡®w®±Ý r°£®ÈØî¯u® ïl®º…wµSµ S®±‹ ¯muµ. š®œ®c îµ²°š®S¯Š®Š®±, N®±i°© x°rcÓŠ®±, yµ½¡®±ë u¯ﱫN®qµ‡®± „¯äœ®âoŠ®±, œµ°mS®¡¯u® £®r䇮±Š®±, dy®¼oНu® îµ¶ý®ãŠ®±, ¹l®ãvºu® N®²mu® ý®²u®äŠ®±. C®wµ©å Cªå …Š®±î® î®±w®±Ç®ã y¯q®äS®¡® î®±²©N® wµ°Š®î¯T‡®±², y¯äpS®¡® î®±²©N® y®Š¯ã‡®±î¯S®‡®±² y®är†º†š®Œ¯Tuµ. ‡®¾¯î® î®±q®y®ºs®S®¢S®² AºiNµ²¡®ëuµ ›Úq®y®äcÓw®ºqµ xºq® N®ï‡®± d°î®w®ý®äuµÜ ¯q®ä Eu®ÛN®²Ê ﱺX®±q®Ùuµ.

î®±w®±Ç®ã d°î®w®u® Œ¯„®Nµ²°Š® l¯º†ÃN®qµ‡®±w®±Ý y®ºX®q®ºq®äu®ºqµ r°î®äî¯u® î®ãºS®NµÊ S®±‹y®m›u® N¯î®ãS®¡®± ¡®. ¯w®î® y¯q®äS®¡® î®±²©N® wµ°Š®î¯T œµ°¡®©± š®ºNµ²°X®î¯S®±î® Hǵ²Ô° ý¯ý®æq® š®q®ãS®¡®± Cªå ¯ï±«N®î¯T Kl®î®±²mîµ. N®w®Ýl® š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå y®ºX®q®ºq®äNµÊ Kºu®± ïþÇ®Ôî¯u® š¯Úw®ïŠ®±î®¼u®± D u®³™Ô‰±ºu®; N¯î®ãî¯T Au®OÊŠ®±î® š¯Úw® Aǵ԰w®² S®oãî¯u®±u®©å.

q¯b¯N®î®±©î®±±: w¯S®î®î®±«w®² u®±S®«›ºœ®w®² š®î®±N¯ª°w®Š®±, š®î®¾¯w® Нb¯ý®ä‰±S®¡®±, š®î®¾¯w®bµ¶w® BX¯‡®±«‹ºu® N®³rS®¡®w®±Ý rvÛ›Nµ²ºl®î®Š®±. C…àŠ®² N®ïS®¡®±, u®ºl¯vðý®Š®±, u®±S®«›ºœ®w®± š®ºvà ïS®äŸ, w¯S®î®î®±« N®hNµ²°y¯u¯㇮± bµ¶w¯X¯‡®±« î¯vНc‹ºu® ¯S®«u®ý®«w®î®w®±Ý y®lµu®±uµ° A©åuµ, 𮿇®±º î¯vНc‹ºu®Œµ° q®î®±â N¯î®ãS®¡®w®±Ý rvÛ›Nµ²ºl®± †l®±S®lµSµ KzÞSµ yµl®u®Š®±. î¯vНcŠ®± wµ²°mu¯Ûеºu®± „µw®±Ý q®iÔNµ²ºl®± u®w®ãq¯ „¯î®vºu® q®³zÙ y®h±Ô Au®w®±Ý œµ°¢Nµ²ºl®Š®±:

i. u®±S®«›ºœ® (1031), y®ºX®q®ºq®ä, 1−28
N®ïS®î®±O î¯v î¯Tâ
y®ä®Š¬ §°î¯vНc î®±±xy®¼ºS®î®Š®±
q®éî®vº rv«u®Šµwµ „®²
„®±î®w®uµ²¡®u®wµ°¦±Û Nµ²ºl®± Nµ²wµ‡®±u®Šµ²¡®Šµ ||
ii. w¯S®î®î®±« (1042−68), N¯î¯ãî® Œµ²°N®w®, š®²q®ä 42, y®u®ã 188:
AuµæÈ¶q®î¯v x® î®±
u®v抮u® U®g¯ïy¯hwµ¶N®y®iǮպ
š¯ãu¯æu¯X®© ›ºœ®º
ïu¯æºš®Š¬ yµ½S®¥¿ î¯vНcº wµS®¦Ûº ||

iii. w¯S®î®î®±« (1042), î®u®«î®¾¯w® y®¼Š¯o, 1−21: (X®ºy®N®î®¾¯Œµ)−
N®sµS®o„®³q®òp°q® ï±rœ¯š® š®î®±±u®áî®î®¾¯w®qµ°ºu®äx°
N®³rS®vÃw¯‡®±N®º wµS®¦Û ï°Š®dw®º î®±w®îµ½©±Û yµ°¦Ûw®
xæq®î®±r w®S®î®î®±« N®ï ýµ²°vÛu®Š¬ š®Œµ î¯vНc y®º
mq®Šµwµ îµ±X®Ïvy®Þ Q¡®w®±º uµ²Šµ Nµ²¡®±Ìîµ± Nµ°¡µ²Ûmºru®º ||

D …Sµ‡®± N®ïcw®š®±Ùr y¯q®äНc î¯vНc y®ºmq®Š®± î®±œ¯ y®är„¯ý¯ª‡®±², y®ä„Â¯î® ý¯ª‡®±², u¯ﱫN®−НcO°‡®± y®är™Õq®Š®² BTu®ÛŠ®±. ‡®±ýµ²°uÂ®Š®X®‹qµ, y¯ý®æ«w¯s® X®‹qµ îµ²u®Œ¯u® œ®©î®¼ š®ºš®Êȳq® N¯î®ãS®© N®q®³«î¯u® D î¯vНcŠ®± y®þÏî®± N®Œ¯ão X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® cS®uµ°N® î®±©å c‡®±›ºœ®xSµ (1018−42) НcS®±Š®±î¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. Au®‹ºu¯T `cS®uµ°N®î®±©å î¯vНc' Hº… Cwµ²Ýºu®± Al®Ö œµš®Š®² CTq®±Ù; AŠ®›°NµŠµ 141, „µ°©²Š®± 106, ý®äî®o„µ¡µ²Ì¡® 77 (67) îµ²u®Œ¯u® ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå EŒµå°QS®¢îµ. Cºq®œ® N®ï, S®î®±O, î¯v, î¯Tây®ä®, НcS®±Š®± î¯vНcŠ®± cS®uµ°N®î®±©å c‡®±›ºœ®Š¯cw® Bš¯Úw® ïu¯æºš® НT X¯¡®±N®ã Klµ²Ö°©S®u® O°r«N®¡®ý®îµx›u®ÛŠ®±. Bš¯Úw® y¯äN®³q®, N®w®Ýl®−D î®±²Š®± „¯ǵS®¡®ªå y®äN¯ºl® y®ºmq®Š¯T r䄯ǯïý¯Š®u®Šµx›u®ÛŠ®±. cS®uµ°N®î®±©å î¯vw¬, q®N®«Ç®o±âQ, š¯ãu¯æu® ïu¯ãy®r−Hº†q¯ãv †Š®±u¯ºOq®Š¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. Ÿ°S¯T H©å ïu®vºu®©² A® î®X®«›éxºu® w¯S®î®î®±«−u®±S®«›ºœ® BN®™«q®Š¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. C®± î®±²î®Š®² š®î®±N¯ª°w® î®±œ¯Š®s®Š®±, Brâ°‡®± …¡®S®u®î®Š®±. µ²°î®¾¯w®u®ªå‡®±² î¯vНcŠ®± Ÿ‹‡®±Š®±; u®±S®«›ºœ®xTºq®©² w¯S®î®î®±«w®± 15−20 î®Ç®« O‹‡®±î®w®±. u®±S®«›ºœ®w®± 1031 Š®ªå y®ºX®q®ºq®äî®w®±Ý …еu®w®± î®±q®±Ù Auµ²ºuµ° Aî®w®N¯î®ã. w¯S®î®î®±«w®± Z®ºuµ²°ïYr (1040), î®u®«î®¾¯w® y®¼Š¯o (1042), N¯î¯ãµ²°N®w® (1050), N®n¯«hN® „¯ǯ„®²Ç®o (1055), A†Ãu¯w®î®š®±Ù Nµ²°ý® (1060) î®±q®±Ù ®±Ù Nµ²°ý® (1068− 70) Hº… N®³rS®¡®w®±Ý Š®Y›u¯Ûwµ.

N®Œ¯ão X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® N¯©u® ýµä°Ç®Õ N®ïS®¡®ªå u®±S®«›ºœ®w®² K…à, î¯N¬ §°‡®±±q®w¯u® u®±S®«›ºœ®w® Aî®±q®éŠ®qµ‡®±± y®äý®ºš®x°‡®±. BŠ®º„®u®ªå BS®Œµ° œµ°¢Š®±î®ºqµ, q¯w®± îµ¶vN®w¯u®Š®² Aîµ¶vN®î¯u® bµ¶w®u®«î®w®²Ý bµ¶w®N®ïS®¡®w®²Ý

bµ¶w®‡®±rºu®î®w®²Ý bµ¶w® S®±Š®± î®±q®±Ù N®ïy®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±w®²Ý S¹Š®î®vºu® ›æ°N®‹› ¯w®ã ¯l®±î®¼u®Š® î®±²©N® Eu¯Š®X®‹qµSµ Bu®ý®Á qµ²°‹›u¯Ûwµ. îµ¶vN®Š®± bµ¶w® š¯Ÿq®ã Š®Yš®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ã…±u®w®±Ý ©£®š®Ÿq® y®äN®i›u® y®äs®ï±S®w®± u®±S®Á›ºœ®. §°ïc‡®± N®w®Ýî®±‡®±ã Aš®S® î®±w®›c X®ºu®ä„®hÔ (Cu®± ®±„¯S® „®hÔw®w®±Ý wµw®zš®±î® œµš®Š®±), yµ½w®Ý y®ºy® S®b¯ºN®±ý® N®ïq¯ï¡¯š® î¯vНc−D H©å bµ¶w® N®ïS®¡®w®±Ý wµwµu®± Nµ¶î®±±Tu®± q®Œµ„¯Tu® ïyµ½ä°q®Ùî®± u®±S®Á›ºœ®w® îµ±°Œ¯u® bµ¶w® y®ä„¯î®u® S¯l®qµ š®ÞÇ®Ôîµ° Cuµ. u®±S®Á›ºœ®xSµ N¯î®ã Š®X®wµ‡®±ªå‡®±² bµ¶w® N®ïS®¡® œµu¯Û‹‡µ±° u¯‹−¯u®‹; ®±Ù bµ¶w® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± ®±„¯S® „®hÔ y®äp°q® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä; q®w®Ý N¯î®ãNµÊ yµä°Š®nµ î®±q®±Ù y®‹N®©ÞwµS®¡®w®±Ý bµ¶w®î®¾¯S®Á−uµ°›ï±§q® N¯î®ãS®¢ºu® y®lµu®± ›u®Ü y®m›u®±Û Bu®îµ±°©² š®œ® bµ¶w®î®±±x N®ï î¯vНc‹ºu® Cwµ²Ýîµ±â rvÛ› wµ²y®¼ÁSµ²¢›Nµ²ºmŠ®±î®¼u®±−S®î®±w¯œ®Á œµbµÑS®¡®±.

D y®ºX®q®ºq®äu® Kh±Ô N®s¯š®º‡µ²°cwµ‡®±ªå‡µ±° Cm° bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯ou® X¹N®h±Ô šµ°‹uµ. D N®s¯ y®äu¯w® N¯î®ãu®ªå …Š®±î®¼u®± Ǯ„® î®±q®±Ù ›ºœ ®. Ǯ„® bµ¶w®Š® Bvr°s®ÁºN®Š®w® œ µš®Š®² œ ¹u®±, Œ ¯ºZ®w®î®½ œ ¹u®±; ›ºœ ®î®¼ Aºrî®± r°s®ºN®Š®Š¯u® î®±œ ¯ï°Š® Kºu®± „®î®î®½ œ ¹u®±, Œ ¯ºZ®w®î®½ œ ¹u®±. Ÿ°Sµ Bvr°s®ÁºN®Š®‹ºu® Aºq®ã r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®î®ŠµSµ y®äp°q®î¯u®u®±Û AŸºš¯u®Á. H©å u®ÁS®¡µ²ºvSµ î®±u®±Š® îµ±¶r䉱ºu® „¯¡®±rÙu®Û šµÝ°œ ®u® î¯q¯î®Š®oî®w®±Ý Nµ©î®¼ N®±œ ®OS®¡®± œ µ²ºX®±œ ¯O Nµm›u®Š®±. Aºq®œ ®î®Š®w®±Ý N®Š®hN®−u®î®±w®N®Š®w¯ÝT, dwµ²u®Á„®ºcN®Š® y®är°N®î¯T N®ªÞš®Œ ¯Tuµ. CvÇ®²Ô š®²X®ãî¯u® N¯î®ãu®æx‰±uµ. D …Sµ‡®± œ µ²š®wµ²°h î®±q®±Ù K¡®wµ²°hS®¢ºu®Œ µ° u®±S®Á›ºœ ®w® y®ºX®q®ºq®ä N¯î®ãu® B‡®¾¯î®±S®¡®w®±Ý S®±Š®±r› Au®Š® š¯æŠ®š®ãS®¡®w®±Ý y®‹„¯„µ°N®±.

X¯n¯N®ã‹›‡®± N®sµ

 

   




    Philosophy
    Scriptures-Sacred Books
    JW in Indian Languages

    JW in World Languages




Home | Guest Book | Recommend Us | About US | Acknowledgement | Surveys | FAQ | Report Broken Link | Site Map