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N®w®Ýl® ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå Nµ©å (Nµªå) î®±q®±Ù Xµ©å (X®©å) Hº„µŠ®l®± ý®…ÛS®¡®± î®±q®±Ù AS®¡® î®ãq¯ãš®u® Š®²y®S®¡®± î®±wµq®w®u® œµš®Š®±S®¡¯T‡®±² î®ãOÙS®¡® œµš®Š®±S®¡µ²ºvS®² y®ä‡µ²°S®î¯Tîµ.

1. N®w®Ýl®u® îµ²q®Ùîµ²u®©wµ‡®± ý¯š®w®îµº… Ÿ‹îµ±‡®±w®±Ý œµ²rÙŠ®±î® œ®ªâm‡®± ý¯š®w®u®ªå&-y®ý®±y®q w¯î®±uµ°‡®±w¯ š®Š®NµÊ©å „®h‹‡®¾¯ yµä°î®¾¯©‡®± š®±q®wµÌ šµ°w®ÛÉäN® …nµ²°„®‡®± uµ°ý®u¯ ï°Š¯y®¼Š®±Ç® š®î®±£®uµ Nµ°N®‡®± y®©å®± N¯uµ¥¿u®± yµq®Ùc‡®±w¬ B ïc AŠ®š®wµÌ&-Hº… y®ä‡µ²°S®ïuµ [îµ±¶.B.‹. 1936. 16. 450.y®¼. 72&-23.š¯©±: 11; y®ä.N®. 20&-3.y®¼. 38]. D y®ä‡µ²°S®u®ªå …Š®±î® `š®Š®NµÊ©å„®h‹‡®¾¯' Hº… U®hN®î®w®±Ý HrÙNµ²ºl®± db¯Óšµ w®lµvuµ.

D U®hN®î®w®±Ý Asµ¶«š®±î® y®äO䇵±‡®±ªå w®lµvŠ®±î® X®Xµ«S®¡®ªå ïïu® ï®nµS®¡®± î®ãN®Ùy®iÔîµ. Cu®w®±Ý B š®Š®NµÊ, Bš®Š®NµÊ, H©å „®h‹‡®¾¯, Nµ©å„®h‹‡®¾¯&- HºuµŒ¯å †m› Lu®±î® î®N¯Ëpš®±î® ïu®æq¬ y®ä‡®±q®ÝS®¡¯Tîµ. …ªåu®Š® Cºq®œ® „¹vÜN® N®š®Š®q®±ÙS®¢Sµ Nµ²wµ‡®± y®Š®uµ‡®±wµÝ¡µu® l¯. Hº.†. wµ°Tw® œ¯¡® A®± Cu®± `š®Š®NµÊ©å' Hº… ý®î¯X®N®î¯u® š®î®¾¯š®Š®²y®îµºu®², Cuµ° Š®²y® î®±±ºuµ `AŠ®Nµ©å' Hºu¯Tuµ‡µ±ºu®² qµ²°‹›u¯ÛŠµ. l¯.z.Hw¬. w®Š®›ºœ®î®±²r« A®² Cuµ° A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®w®±Ý …œ®¡® Ÿºuµ‡µ±° y®äry¯v›u¯ÛŠµ.

2. Nµ©å Hº…±u®± N®w¯«hN®u®ªå BTœµ²°u® y¯äY°w® ý® (N®±©, î®±wµq®w®) S®¡®Œµ²åºu®±. D Nµ©å î®±wµq®w®î®¼ B¡®±î® Kºu®± AŠ®š®± N®±©î®½ BTq®±Ù. œ®©î®¼ ‡®±±u®Ü ï°Š®Š®± D î®±wµq®w®u®ªå BTœµ²°Tu¯ÛŠµ. Eq®ÙŠ® î®±q®±Ù u®¤o N®w®Ýl® dŒµåS®¡®Œµå° A©åuµ, N®w¯«hN®u® „µ°Šµ Nµ©î®¼ „¯S®S®¡®ªå‡®±² D ý®u®î®Š® œµš®Š®±S®¡®± ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ùî¯Tîµ. œ®ªâm ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ù AŠ®Nµ©å „®h‹ (5.ý®.), œµ²w¯Ý® q¯î®±äy®h ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ù Yq®äšµ°w® î®±œ¯Nµ©å (6 ý®.) yµ½¡®ª ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ù šµ°„¯ãAŠ®Nµ©å (9 ý®.) î®±q®±Ù Eu®‡®¾¯î®Š® ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ù AŠ®Nµ©å (9 ý®) îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®Š®± D N®±©u® y¯äY°w®Š®±. C®©åuµ Cw®²Ý Nµ©î®Š®± D ý®u® Ÿ‹‡®±Š®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå N¯p› Nµ²ºmu¯ÛŠµ.

3. Nµ©å Hº… Kºu®± y¯äY°w® î®±wµq®w®u®, î®±q®±Ù Au®Šµ²¡®Tw® K¡® „µ°u®S®¡®² šµ°‹u®ºqµ, Nµ©î®¼ î®±±Qã œµš®Š®±S®¡®±:

AŠ®Nµ©å: îµ±¶.B.‹. 1936.16. 450 î®±q®±Ù H.C.9.y®¼. 23.9 ý®
N®ªNµ©å: Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ ý¯š®w®, 1063
Nµ©å Yq®äšµ°w®: H.C. 37.y®¼. 37
Nµ©å…š®v: H.N®. 6.16.9&-10 ý®. N¯ãq®w®œ®¢ë (î®±ºl®ãd/y¯ºl®î®y®¼Š® q¯) y®¼.
114
Nµ©å„®h‹: 1936. 16. Oä.ý®. 450.
î®±œ¯Nµ©å: H.C. 37.y®¼. 33&-37.6. ý®. œµ²w¯Ý® q¯î®±äy®h
¯S®±oÛŠ® Nµ©å: H.N®. 5.220.1006. N®ª‡®±²Š®±
î®±±Š®š® Nµ©å: îµ±¶.B.‹. 1914&-15 y®¼. 39&-40. 5. ý®
›‡®±Nµ©å: H.N®. 16 q®±î®±N®²Š®±. 95. 8 ý®.
›‡®±Sµ©å: H.N®. 16 q®±î®±N®²Š®±. 86. 8ý®.
šµ°î®ãSµ©å: š¹.C.C. 7.258. 12ý®
šµ°…ãNµ©å: Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ ý¯š®w®, 11&-12 ý®.

4. Nµ©åî®±wµq®w®u®î®Š®± œµX¯ÏT Cu®Û Kºu®± FŠ®± Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ. u®¤o N®w®Ýl® dŒµå‡®± Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ‡®±± Nµ©åŠ® wµŒµï°l¯Tq®±Ù. u®¤o N®w®Ýl® dŒµå‡®±ªåw® ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå Nµ©åŠ® ý¯š®w®S®¡®² ›S®±q®Ùîµ. q®±¡®±w¯mw®ªå Nµ©åŠ®š®Š®± Hº… bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®ïq®±Ù. Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ, yµ½¡®ª, îµ°o²Š®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå D î®±wµq®w®u® ¯ŸrS®¢îµ. Nµ©åŠ®± š¯æï± xǮՊ¯u® ‡µ²°u®Š®² œ¹uµº…±u®w®±Ý C® ý¯š®w®S®¡®± š¯Š®±q®Ùîµ. l¯.z. Hw¬. w®Š®›ºœ®î®±²r«‡®±î®Š®±, CºvS®², q®±¡®±w¯mw®ªå CŠ®±î® bµ¶w® š®î®¾¯cu®ªå Nµ©å Hº… œµš®Š®± …¡®Nµ‡®±ªåŠ®±î®¼u®w®±Ý r¢›u¯ÛŠµ; Kellas Were Jains and they figure first in the Halmidiinscription of Kadamba kakusthavama (C. 430-450) Hºu®² this Village is named kella Puttige giving due recognition to that meritorious family of Jain is named kella puttige giving due recognition to that meritorious family of Jain rulers Hºu®² A†Ãy¯ä‡®± y®iÔu®ÛŠµ. Aºu®Šµ N®w®Ýl®u® îµ²hÔîµ²u®Œµ‡®± œ®ªâm ý¯š®wµ²°N®ÙŠ¯u® AŠ®Nµ©å„®h‹‡®±w®² A® î®±S®w¯u® ïc AŠ®š®w®² Kºu®± bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®u® š¯œ®›S®¡µºu¯‰±q®±. ïc‡®±y®Þ, ïc‡®±oØ, ïc‡®±î®±â, §°ïc‡®± Hº… œµš®Š®±S®¡®± bµ¶w® š®î®¾¯cu®ªå œµX®±Ï y®äš¯Š®u®ªå CŠ®±î® D y®Š®ºy®Šµ q®±º… y¯äY°w®îµºu®± r¢u®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ.

5. Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ Hº… Kºu®± š®Ú¡®î¯Y‡®±± bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®u® Š¯cu¯x‡®± œµš®Šµº…±u®w®±Ý S®î®±xš®±î¯S® Cºq®œ®±uµ° Cwµ²Ýºu®±, Cw®²Ý y¯äY°w® î¯u® š®u®³ý® š®Ú¡®w¯î®± wµw®y¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Auµ° Nµ©åºSµ¥¿ Hº…±u®±. Nµ©åºSµ¥¿‡®±± bµ¶w®Š® Bvr°s®«îµºu®± ïP¯ãq®î¯Tuµ. ý¯š®w®S®¡®©²å D š®ºS®r u¯QŒ¯Tuµ:

B Nµ©åºSµ¥¿‡®¾¯v r°q®Ú«º: H.N®. 11(y®.) 476 (345) 1159.y®¼. 259.
B Nµ©åºSµ¥¿‡®± räN®²hŠ®q®Ýq®ä‡®± H.N®.9(y®.) „µ°. 323. 13 ý®. y®¼. 306
Cw®±Ù Nµ©åW¿Ó¥¿‡®±î®¾¬ y®©Š¬ yµ½S®¦¿: Auµ°, „µ° 388. 954 …›Ùœ®¢ë. y®¼. 352
A Nµ©åºSµ¥¿‡®± X®q®±»›é°î®¾¯: Auµ° „µ° 321. 1265.y®¼. 299

B Nµ©åºSµ¦¸ FŠ®± š®œ® bµ¶w®Š¯u® Nµ©å î®±wµq®w®u® œµš®‹w® š®Ú¡®. Cu®± I¡®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®w®u® îµ°¡µSµ y®ä›vÜ y®lµvq®±Ù. Cªå‡®± …š®vS®¡®², îµ²°x›u¯Üºq® „®g¯Š®Š®² y®ä›u®ÜŠ®± [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: š¯ºq®Š®Š®±&-Kºu®± Au®㇮±w®» 1997:164] . D Bvr°s®«î¯u® Nµ©åºSµ¥¿‡®±± y¯¡®±†u¯ÛS® î®±œ¯„®ºl¯‹ œ®±¡®ëî®±‡®±ãw®± Cu®w®±Ý y®¼w®„®«Š®oœµ²¢›u® š®ºS®r‡®±² ý¯š®wµ²°N®Ùî¯Tuµ.

6. Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ î®±q®±Ù Nµ©åºSµ¥¿ Hº…±î®¼ Nµ©å Hº… bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®Nµ šµ°‹u®î®¼S®¡¯TŠ®±î®ºqµ‡µ±° Cwµ²Ýºu®± Cǵ԰ y¯äY°w®î¯u® Cuµ° î®±²©NµÊ šµ°‹u® š®Ú¡®ïuµ, Auµ°`Nµªåy®¼š®²Š®±'. S®ºS®Š® uµ²Šµ‡®¾¯u® šµ¶Sµ²hÔþî®î®¾¯Š®w® N¯©u® y¯äY°w® …š®v‡µ²ºu®± `Nµ²l®±S®±w¯l® Nµ (O)ªå y®¼š®²Š®±' S¯äî®±u®ªåqµÙºu®± ý¯š®w® u¯Qª›uµ [H.N®.4(y®.) X¯w®. 347.7 ý®. N®±©S¯o (îµ±¶d/ X¯w®q¯) y®¼. 222] D …š®v‡®± bµ¶w¯X¯Š®ãŠ¯u® X®ºu®ä šµ°w¯ X¯Š®ã‹Sµ AŠ®š®w® Aw®±î®±r‰±ºu® y®©åî® îµ°¡¯Š®š®w®², S®ºSµ¶w¯l® N®oØî®±âw®² wµ©î®w®±Ý u¯w®ïq®ÙŠµºu®± ý¯š®w®u®ªåuµ. Cªå œµ°¢Š®±î® Nµªåy®¼š®²Š®± S¯ä DTw® Nµ©š®²Š®±. îµ±¶š®²Š®± dŒµå S®±ºl®±åyµ°gµ q¯©²åOw® Nµ©š®²Š®± S¯äî®±u®ªå CºvS®² Kºu®± X®ºu®äy®ä„® …š®v Cuµ. Nµ²l®S®²ï«Ç®‡µ±° Nµªå y®¼š®±S®²w¯«î®± S¯äîµ²° dw¯©‡®¾¯‡®± ®vN¯©±º.. . . . .Hº†q¯ãv‡®¾¯T ý¯š®w®u®ªå …Š®±q®Ùuµ [IWG: 1984: Bo. 25:7&-8ý®»y®¼. 135&-39; îµ±¶.B.‹. 1925. 106.y®¼. 90&-92; IWG: 1984: w®º. 36.: 7&-8ý®.: y®¼. 140&-41]. Nµ©å&-Nµªå C®l®² Kºuµ° î®±²©u® b¯ÓrŠ®²y® y®ä„µ°u®S®¡¯Tu®±Û Kºu®± bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®u® š®Ú¡®î¯Tuµ. Nµªåy®¼š®²Š®± (Nµ©š®²Š®±).

7. Š¯Ç®óN®²hŠ® š¯î®¾¯äcãu®ªå Xµ©åNµ°q®w® î®±wµq®w®î®¼ Kºu®± y®är™Õq®, ý®OÙq®, ï°Š®‡µ²°u®Š® bµ¶w® N®±©îµºu®± N®w®Ýl® w¯mw® X®‹qµä‡®±ªå œµ°¢uµ. Aîµ²°U®î®Ç®« w®³y®q®±ºS®w® î®±q®±Ù q®Š®±î¯‡®±u® N¯©U®hÔu®ªå Xµ©åNµ°q®w®Š®± Š¯Ç®óN®²h š¯î®¾¯ähŠ® š®ºŠ®£®nµSµ gµ²ºN® N®iÔu®ÛŠ®±. A® œ®©î®¼ ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå Nµ°î®© î®±²Š®±u®³Ç¯Ôºq®S®¡®w®±Ý wµ²°l®…œ®±u®±:

i. Xµ©åNµ°q®w® §°î®±q¬ …ºNµ‡®±Š®š®Š¬+…w®î¯› y®xÝX¯Ð«›Š®î®±±
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[H.N®. 8 šµ²Š®…. 88.912]
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Xµ(X®)©å u®æcŠ¯u® D Xµ©åNµ°q® î®±wµq®w®N®²Ê `Nµ©å' ý®N®²Ê š®º…ºu®ïu®±Û C®l®² Kºuµ° î®±²©u® N®±©îµºu®± qµ²°Š®±q®Ùuµ. N®N¯Š® X®N¯Š® š®æw® î®ãq¯ãš®î®¼ u¯äïl® „¯ǵS®¡® Crœ¯š®u®ªå œµ²š®u®©å… „¯ǯïb¯Ów® ŸwµÝŒµ‡®±©²å, Nµ©åŠ®² Xµ©åŠ®² bµ¶w®Šµº… ŸwµÝŒµ‡®±©²å C® IN®î®±²©î®w®±Ý y®‹„¯…œ®±u®±.

8. Nµ©å Hº… bµ¶w® î®±wµq®w®u® Nµ©î®Š®± S®u®S® q¯©²N®± î®±q®±Ù ApØSµŠµ (w®î®©±Ìºu® q¯©²N®±) š®±q®Ùî®±±q®Ùªw® FŠ®±S®¡®ªå‡®±² Cu®ÛŠ®±. ApØSµŠµ‡®± S®ºS® yµî®¾¯«w®m …š®vSµ, u®rÙ‡®¾¯T œµ²©wµ© î®±wµ œµ²w®±Ý Cî®w®±Ý †h±Ô Nµ²hÔ bµ¶w® ý¯äî®N® î®±wµq®w®S®¡®ªå Nµ©åN®±©u®î®Š®² šµ°‹Š®±î®¼u®w®±Ý S¯î®Š®î¯l® ý¯š®w® w®î®±²v›uµ [H.C. 15. 23. 1071&-72. S¯î®‹î¯l® y®¼. 343. š¯©±: 73&- 74]: Nµ©åŠ® Sµ²Š®ï šµiÔ‡®± š¯î®±ãNµÊ î®±q®ÙŠµºh± î®±wµîµ½ºu®± „µ²°S®î¯l®Sµ S®u¯ãoº w¯©±Ê.

9. î®ãOÙî¯X®N®î¯T‡®±² (Nµ©å„®h‹), š®Ú¡®î¯Y‡®¾¯T‡®±² (Nµªåy®¼š®²Š®±, Nµ©åy®¼rÙSµ, Nµ©åºSµ¥¿) D Kºu®± î®±wµq®w®u® œµš®Š®± …¡®Nµ‡®¾¯TŠ®±î®¼u®± D ý®…Ü N¯©N®äîµ±°o S®¢›u® As®«î¯ãzÙSµ š¯¤‡®¾¯Tuµ. Nµ©å Hº…±u®±, Kºu®²î®Šµ š¯ïŠ® î®Ç®«N®²Ê Ÿºvxºu® N®w®Ýl® w¯mw®ªå œ¯š®±œµ²N¯ÊT „µŠµq®± œµ²°u®, Kºu®± œµš®Š¯ºq® î®±wµq®w®u® ¯qµº…±u®± š¯ºš®ÊȳrN®î¯T î®±w®x°‡®±î¯Tuµ. Cªå‡µ±° œµ°¡®…u®± u¯u® î®±qµ²Ùºu®± ïX¯Š®: Nµªå Hº…±u®± Kºu®± b¯r‡®± î®±Š®, œ¯S®² O©åºT Hº…±u®± Kºu®± b¯r‡®± š®š®ã&-Hº… As®«ïŠ®±î® ý®…ÛS®¡¯TŠ®±î®¼u®w®±Ý S®î®±x›u®Šµ Nµ©å(ªå) Xµ©å Hº…±u®² Kºu®± £® ïýµ°Ç® w¯î®±îµºu®± œµ°¡®…œ®±uµxš®±q®Ùuµ.

BN®Š®S®¡®±

1. wµ°Tw®œ¯¡®, l¯.Hº.†.; `œ®ªâmý¯š®w®u® As®«ïîµ°X®wµ', …Š®œ®„¯Tw®, 1996 (l¯.œ®ºy®w¯ S¹Š®î® S®äºs®, (š®º) yµ½ä°. HX¬.ï.w¯Sµ°ý¬.)
2. w®Š®›ºœ®î®±²r« l¯.z.Hw¬.: i. N¯N®«¡®&-Kºu®± y¯äuµ°þN® Au®㇮±w®, `wµ°q¯äî®r', 1985, y®¼. 1&-25

ii. Some Interesting Names and Terms in the memorial Epigraphs from Kelliputting, Studies in Indian Place Names- VI.
3. Ramesh, Dr. K.V.,: i. A History of South Kanara, 1970
i. (ed) Inscriptions of Western Gagas, 1984
ii. (š®º.) q®±¡®±w¯mw® ý¯š®w®S®¡®±

4. ýµiÔ, Hš¬.m.: `u®¤o N®w®Ýl® dŒµå‡®± u®« y®Š®ºy®Šµ', …Š®œ® „¯Tw®, 1996, y®¼. 227&-43
5. w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®.: š¯ºq®Š®Š®±&-Kºu®± Au®㇮±w®, 1997