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[N®ïX®N®äî®r«Š®w®Ý, 993, Adq®y®¼Š¯oº, 1-7.]
Š®w®ÝN®ï‡®± œµ°¢Nµ‡®±ªå HŠ®l®± î®±mNµS®¢îµ:

i. w®³y®r šµ°ïq®º, ii. S®ºS® î®±ºl®Œµ°ý®æŠ® î®±±N®±g¯Y«q®º. BTw® š®î®±N¯ªN® X¯‹räN¯u¯Š® y®‹š®Š®S®¡®w®±Ý K¡®œµ²N®±Ê wµ²°mu®Šµ D y®u¯ãs®«î®¼ š®±„µ²°u®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ. BS®q¯wµ œµ²š®u¯T œ®±iÔu® X¯¡®±N®ã š¯î®¾¯äcãu® qµ¶©y®w®³y®r‡®±² (w®³y®r šµ°ïq®º), BS®ÇµÔ° Aš®ÙºS®q®î¯S®±rÙu®Û S®ºS®Š® î®±ºl®©u® ¯Š®›ºœ®w®² (Ew®Ýq®S®ºS® î®±ºl®Œµ°ý®æŠ® î®±±N®±g¯Y«q®º), D Adq® šµ°w® î®±±x°ºu®äŠ®w®±Ý v› BŠ¯vÛu¯ÛŠµº…±uµ° D y®u®ãu® î¯X¯ãs®«. Ÿ°S¯T Adq®šµ°w® î®±±xy®Š®± E„®‡®±Š¯cã- š¯î®¾¯äcã y®¼Š®š®Êȳq®Š®±. A®± qµ¶©±y®xî®±«m‡®± Š¯cS®±Š®±, N®ïŠ®w®Ýw® S®±Š®±, S®ºS®î®¾¯Š®›ºœ® Cî®±âm‡®± N®±©S®±Š®±, …ºN¯y®¼Š® r°s®«u® BX¯Š®ãŠ®±, X¯î®±±oÖŠ¯‡®±w® Au¯q®â y®ärÙSµ ¯S®«u®ý®«N®Š®±. ¯Š®›ºœ®w®± š®Œµå°Qw® î®äq®î®w®±Ý Adq®šµ°w®î®±±x°ºu®ä‹ºu® y®lµu®± …ºN¯y®¼Š®u®ªå î®±±mzu®w®±. CÇ®±Ô U®wµ²°w®Ýq® î®±±x‡®±w®±Ý N®±‹q®± œ®©î¯Š®± ý¯š®w®S®¢îµ [H.C. 16, 9.1053. î®±±¡®±Ìºu®; H.C. 5, 152, 171, 180 Cq¯ãv; H.N®. 2(y®.) 38, 67 Cq¯ãv]

3. Adq®šµ°w® î¯v°„®›ºœ® î®±±x‡®±± ý®…ÜX®±q®±î®±±«Q, q¯O«N® X®N®äî®r«, †Š®±u¯ºOq® q®y®›æ [œµ²º…±c 1,2. 1077]. N®w®Ýl® î®±q®±Ù š®ºš®Êȳq® ý¯š®w®y®u®ãS®¡®ªå C® î®X®«š®éw®±Ý y®äš¯Ùz›uµ, AS®¡® S®u¯ãw®±î¯u® š¯Š¯ºý®: Adq®šµ°w® uµ°î®w®± …䜮âwµ° Bu®Š®² Kºuµ° î®±±Qïuµ‡µ±° œµ²Š®q®± w¯Œµ²âS®w®©å, S®oy®r‡®± œ¯Sµ b¯ow¯u®Š®² Bwµ îµ²S®u®î®w®©å, š®Š®š®ær‡µ±° Bu®Š®² œµºS®š®©å, H©å N®ŒµS®¡®w®±Ý œµ²ºvu®î®w¯u®Š®² X®ºu®äw®©å, N¯î®±w®w®±Ý š®±iÔu®ÛŠ®² Dý®æŠ®w®©å, Cºq®œ® Adq®šµ°w®uµ°î® y¯pÖq®w® X®‹qµ‡®±± xcN®²Ê ïYq®äîµ° š®‹. š®ºP¯ãS®î®± îµ²°l®S®¡®w®±Ý X®u®±‹š®±î® †Š®±S¯¢, „¹u¯ÜS®î®±îµº… N®l®©w®±Ý Ÿ°‹ …‹u¯Tš®±î® …l®î¯w®©, bµ¶w¯S®î®±îµº… š®î®±±u®äî®w®±Ý œµYÏš®±î® X®ºu®ä Hº…±u¯T P¯ãq®Š¯î®±Š®± [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: š¯ºq®Š®Š®±- Kºu®± Au®㇮±w® (1997) : 158-59.]

4. Ap݇®± „®g¯ÔŠ®N®Š®± X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® cS®uµ°N®î®±Œ¬å c‡®±›ºœ®Š¯cw® B¢æNµSµ šµ°‹u® ý¯š®w®u®ªå ý¯åVq®Š¯Tu¯ÛŠµ- C® x‡®±î®± BX¯Š® ïX¯Š® š¯Š®S®±o b¯Ów®S®¡®w®±Ý îµ±X®ÏŒ¯Tuµ [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 61.1024. î®±Šµ²°¡® (†b¯y®¼Š® d/ œ®±w®S®±ºu® q¯)]

5. Aw®ºq®ï°‡®±« î®±±xy®Š®±, „µ²°cw¯ºS® q®Š®±î¯Tœ® Sµ²°î®u®Ü«w® uµ°î®w® š®ï±°y®uµ²¡¬, „®²Ç®n¯ºS®º y®¼hÔqµ y®¼gµÔ š®ºu® O°r« š¯î®¾¯w®ãîµ±° Hºu®± Kºu®± ý¯š®w® AX®Ï‹Sµ²ºl®± Nµ°¢uµ [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045. î®±±S®u® (u¯d/q¯)]. î®±Šµ²°¡®u® ý¯š®w®u®©åºq®² D î®±±x‡®± Kºu®± „¯î®Yq®äîµ° ›S®±q®Ùuµ: (î®±qµÙ°„® ïOä°mq® q®Ù y®u®ã)

š®N®¡® î¯ãN®Š®oº xU®ºh± S®pq®º î¯q¯û‡®±w®º bµ²ã°rÇ®º
ý®N®±w®º Z®w®Ûî®±w®±î®¼ S¯ºu®Š®î®±¡®ºN¯Š®º î®±œ¯N¯î®ãw¯
hN®î®±u¯ãrâN®î®±q®Ú« ý¯š®ôq®r ›u¯Üw®Ù y®ä¯oºS®¡µº
… N®¡¯ ïuµãS®w®w®Ùï°‡®±ã« î®±±xy®š®é«î®æcÓ‹° u¯r䇵²¡¬ ׀׀
[š¹.C.C. 11-1, 61. 1024. î®±Šµ²°¡® (†b¯y®¼Š® d/œ®±w®S®±ºu® q¯) y®¼. 50-51]

š®±y®ä›u®Üî¯u® X®q®±»Ç®™Ô (64) N®ŒµS®¡®ªå î®±q®±Ù 15 N®Œ¯ïuµãS®¡®ªå D Aw®ºq®ï°‡®±«î®±±xy®Š®± š®î®«cÓq®æî®w®±Ý y¯äz٠¯mNµ²ºl®± w¯mw®ªå î®±wµî®¾¯q¯Tu®±Û X¯¡®±N®ãŠ¯cãu® S¹Š®î®NµÊ „¯cw®Š¯Tu®ÛŠ®±.

6. A„®‡®±w®ºv [H.C. 15, 23. y®¼. 337. 1071-72], AŠ®±œ®oºv „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 113. 1074. œ®±w®S®±ºu®], AÇ®±Ôy¯›î®±±xy®r [š¹.C.C. 9- 1, 115. 1054], ArÙî®±„µà‡®± N®±©S®±Š®±S®¡¯u® Aœ®«oxÛ y®ºmq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 11-1. 52.1007. ©N®±Êºm] îµ²u®Œ¯u® S®±Š®±S®¡®± w¯w¯ N¯Š®oS®¢ºu® y¯äî®±±Qãy®lµvu¯ÛŠµ [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: N®ï® N¯î®±uµ°w®± ArÙî®±„µà: 1996] . î®±Š®u® Nµ¡®Sµ, N®©±å …ºlµ‡®±îµ±°Œµ (N®ŒµÝŒµ), x°‹w® w®l®±îµ xºq®± N®u®©uµ q®y®îµš®Tu®î®Š®± Aœ®«w®xÛ „µhÔu®uµ°î® î®±±x [N®dý¯:œ®±o›œ®l®S®ª. 38. 1099]; C®± w¯S®X®ºu®äN®ï‡®± S®±Š®±S®¡¯u® „¯¡®X®ºu®äuµ°î® î®±±xy® š®ºq®w®u®ªå …ºu® y®ä›u®ÜŠ®± [š¹.C.C. 18, 109. 1112. N®w®Ý‹=N®o²ØŠ®± (†b¯y®¼Š® d/q¯) y®¼. 121; w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: w¯S®X®ºu®ä-Crq®Ù: 1992].

7. Cºu®äO°r« î®±±x°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 9-1, 117. 1055. Nµ²°S®¢ (…¡¯ë‹ d/)] Cºu®äw®ºvy®ºmq®uµ°î® [„¯.N®.C. 1-1, 123. 1080. œ®±w®S®±ºu®], Eq®ÙŠ¯ š®ºS® „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 11-1. 113. 1074], Eu®‡®± X®ºu®ä šµ¶u¯Üºq® uµ°î® [H.C. 15, 23. 1074], Eu®‡®± X®ºu®ä šµ¶u¯Üºq® uµ°î® [H.C.15, 23. 1071-72]- C®±S®¡®± AS¯u®î¯u® þǮ㚮ºy®rÙxºu® b¯Ów® xvÃS®¡¯Tu®ÛŠ®±.

8. N®w®N®w®xÛ „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 18, 71. 1066], N®w®N®y®ä„® ›u¯Üºq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 20, 62. 1098. š¹u®rÙ], N®w®N®šµ°w®„®g¯ÔŠ®N® [H.C.16.9.1053. î®±±¡®±Ìºu®], N®w®N®ý®OÙ›u¯Üºq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 15, 530. 1059] N®î®±¡®uµ°î® X¯‡®±« [š¹.C.C. 15, 128. 1174 YN®Êœ®ºvSµ²°¡® (u¯d/S®u®S® q¯ y®¼. 161-63], N®î®±¡®„®u®ä uµ°î® [œµ²º…±c 1, 2.1077 (þd/œµ²š®w®S®Š® q¯)], O°r«uµ°î® î®±±xy®r [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 61.1024 î®±Šµ²°¡®], N®±î®¾¯Š®O°r î®±x°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045]- îµ²u®Œ¯u® ‡®±r°ý®æŠ®Š®± š®N®¡® ý¯š®ôN®±ý®©Š®², ý®„¯Ûs®«q®q®æŠ®Š®², Eu®ãu®±Ìo „®²Ç®oŠ®² BTu®ÛŠ®±.

9. S®±o„®u®ä ›u¯Üºruµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 20, 32. 1045. N®²‰±„¯¡® (u¯d/N®±ºu®Sµ²°¡® q¯)], S®±o O°r« ›u¯Üºq® „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 11- 1.61.1024] S®ºl®ïî®±±N®Ù „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [H.C.15.23. 1071-72], Sµ²°î®u®«w®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045], N®ºr‡®¾¯u® X®ºu®äî®±r‡®±îµæ [š¹.C.C. 18, 151. 1148] X¯Š®±O°r« y®ºmq® [š¹.C.C.11, 141. 1097], BX¯Š®ãc‡®±O°r« ›u¯Üºq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 15, 637. 12ý®. b¯î®½Š®± (u¯d/w®î®©S®±ºu® q¯) y®¼. 408], räïu®ã Sµ²°î®u®«w® [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78], rä„®±î®w® X®ºu®ä y®ºmq® [H.C. 15, 23. 1071-72], rä„®±î®w® O°r«Š¯î®¼¡® [HBŠ¬Hš¬JC 1917. ›-40. 12ý®]- îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®Š®± qµäȶïu®ã X®Nµä°ý®æŠ®Šµx›, ïu¯ã y¹ämÃîµ±‰±ºu® O°r«î®ºq®Š¯Tu®ÛŠ®±.

10. u¯î®±w®ºv S®ºl®ïî®±±N®Ù [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78.1045], uµ°î®O°r« [Auµ°, 61, 1024], uµ°î®X®ºu®ä‹™ [Auµ°, 169. 1119. Jœµ²¡µ], uµ°î®oºv „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C.18, 71-1066. îµ²°gµ„µw®²ÝŠ®], w®ºvy®ºmq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 20, 46.1072], w®ºv „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [Auµ°, î®±q®±Ù Auµ°, 52.1077], w®‡®±O°r« ›u¯Üºq®uµ°î®w¬[š¹.C.C. 15, 47. 1151], w®‡®±šµ°w® [H.C.16, 9.1053. î®±±¡®±Ìºu®], w®‡®±šµ°w®š®²‹ [H.C.16, 55- 18. 1053], w®Šµ°ºu®ä šµ°w® [H.C.16-9-†. 1081], w®Šµ°ºu®äoºv î®±±x°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 18, 71. 1066], w¯S®šµ°w® y®ºmq® [H.C. 17. 10. 1047. AŠ®›†°v], xŠ®î®u®ã O°r« „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 11-1,78. 1045], wµ°ï±X®ºu®ä y®ºmq®uµ°î® [š®±.C.C. 15, 47. 1151], y®u®âw®ºv ›u¯Üºruµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 9-1, 221], œ¯S®² y¯ý®æ«uµ°î® š¯æï±  [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045],- îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®Š®± š®î®±ãN®ðŠ®q¯ÝN®Š®Š¯T š¯ãu¯æu® ›u¯×ºq®u® š¯Š®î®w®±Ý š®î®¾¯cu®ªå „µ²°vÛu®Š®±.

11. „¯©X®ºu®ä ›u¯Üºq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 11-2, 209. 1110], „¯œ®±…ª „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [Auµ°, 123. 1080], „¯¡®X®ºu®ä …är°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 18, 109. 1112], „¯w®±O°r« ›u¯Üºqµ°ý® 1190-1185 [H.N®. 8-2(1902) šµ²Š®…. 233. Eu®ÜŠµ. 1139; Auµ°, šµ²Š®… 345, 1171.; Auµ° šµ²Š®… 384.1177- 78; š¹.C.C. 15,568. 12 ý®], „¯š®ÊŠ® w®ºv y®ºmq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 113. 1074 î®±q®±Ù š¹.C.C. 20, 52. 1077], ¯u®X®ºu®ä …är°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045], î®±±xX®ºu®ä qµäȶïu®ã „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [š¹.C.C. 11, 140. 1097. uµ²°p]- îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®Š®± bµ¶w® q®yµ½°Š¯cãu® Ew®Ýr‡®±w®±Ý Œµ²°N®NµÊ y®äq®ã£®î¯T qµ²°‹›u®Š®± .

12. Š®ïO°r«[š¹.C.C. 11-1, 78. 1045], Š¯î®±oºv [H.N®.8, šµ²Š®… 233. 1133.; š¹.C.C. 18,: 180. w®vœ®Š®¡®œ®¢ë], Š¯î®±šµ°w® y®ºmq® [›. 7-1 (1902 þN¯‹y®¼Š®. 224.10 …¢ëS¯îµ] î®u®«î®¾¯w® î®±±x°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 18, 109. 1112], ïî®±±N®Ù î®är°ºu®äŠ¬ [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 61. 1024], ®±y®½cãî®±±x°ºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 18, 180. 1168.]- îµ²u®Œ¯u® ‹™ î®±±xS®¡®±, q®î®±â AS¯u® r¢î®¢Nµ‰±ºu®©², Eu¯q®Ù w®lµî®¢Nµ ‰±ºu®©² Œµ²°N®î®ºvq®Š¯u®Š®±.

13. §°w®ºv y®ºmq® [š¹.C.C. 20, 52. 1077; Auµ° 11-1. 113. 1074] ý¯ºruµ°î® ý®…Û X®q®±î®±±Q« [H.N®.11 (y®.). ý®ä„µ. 77 (67) 1129], ý¯ºroºv î®±±xºu®ä [š¹.C.C. 18, 71.1066. îµ²°gµ„µw®²ÝŠ®], ý¯ºrŠ¯þy®ºmq® [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 100. 1064], š®N®¡®š®Ïºu®ä y®ºmq® [H.N®. 8, w®S®Š® 58. 1062], š®î®«oºv „®g¯ÔŠ®N® [H.N®. 7(1902 I þN¯‹y®¼Š®. 136. 1068), ›u®Üoºv y®ºmq®uµ°î® [š¹.C.C. 18, 71. 1066], œ®‹oºv uµ°î® BX¯Š®ã [Auµ°, 151. 1148]. œ®±ª‡®±„µà AdÑNµ [š¹.C.C. 11-1, 111. 1071. šµ²Š®h²Š®]- îµ²u®Œ¯u® BX¯‡®±«Š®± r°s®«ºN®Š® y®äp°q® AŸºš¯u®«î®w®²Ý, š®w®ârš¯Ÿq®ã š®±uµ‡®±w®²Ý š®î®¾¯cNµÊ î®±±iÔ›u®Š®±

ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå D ‹™ N®ºr‡®±Š®w®±Ý N®±‹q®± Ey®©…Ü±î® š®î®±³u®Ü ¯Ÿr‡®± ïu®æš¬Ù y®½o«î¯u® Kºu®± y®äqµã°N® š®æq®ºq®ä Eu®ÌÉäºs®NµÊ BS®±î®™Ôuµ. w¯mw® š¯ºš®ÊȳrN® u¯ﱫN® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± î®±±Qã x d°î®ºq®î¯T î®±±ºuµ y®äš®©± D ‡®±r y®¼ºS®î®Š® Nµ²l®±Sµ uµ²l®Öu®±.