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− AS®Ì¡®, 1189, X®ºu®äy®ä„® y®¼Š¯oº, 1−9

Ÿî®±u®ºqµ y®‹ý®±„®äî¯u® uµ°œ®î®¼¡®ë, î®±œ¯î®±ŸÇ®î®w®±Ý (Nµ²°o) I‹u®, Hºh± qµ²°¡®±S®¡®w®±Ý¡®ë, X®N®ä ý®²© „¯o †©±å Nµ°q®± y¯ý® Ql®Ì S®±Š¯p Cî®w®±Ý K¡®Sµ²ºl®, X®ºX®©î¯u® œ®nµS®oØw®±Ý¡®ë b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªxuµ°ï‡®±± y®Š®î®± yµä°î®±vºu® N¯î®ã N®³rSµ ‡®¾¯î® AmÖS®¡®² Ku®S®u®ºqµ ¯l®ª−Hº…±u¯T AS®Ì¡®N®ï‡®±± y¯t«›u¯Ûwµ; Cu®± Bý¯u®Š® (y®ärǯ՚¯Šµ²°u¯ÛŠ®, 3−162) î®±q®±Ù wµ°ï±X®ºu®ä (y®ärÇ¯Õ r©N®, y®¼. 343) Nµ²l®±î® î®o«wµSµ Aw®±S®±oî¯Tuµ. Oä.ý®. Kºu®± î®±q®±Ù HŠ®l®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® îµ°¡µSµ ‡®±£®−‡®±¤‡®±Š®± bµ¶w® uµ¶î® y®‹î¯Š®uµ²¡®Sµ šµ°‹ dw® ý¯š®w®uµ°î®qµS®¡¯T Š®²y®¼Sµ²ºl®Š®±.

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zÞ«w® N®p ý¯š®w® uµ°î®qµ
‡®±(w®±) y®½d› vî®ã î®±ºq®ävº š¯vÛu®º ׀׀
[H.N®. 7−1, þî®îµ²S®Ì 64. 1112. y®¼. 66. š¯©±: 43]

Ÿ°Sµ ý¯š®w®uµ°î®qµS®¡®± ® y®äu¯w® ¯l®±î®Šµº… q®±º… w®º…±Sµ ‡µ²ºu®± š¯î®«räN®î¯‰±q®±. ‡®±£® ‡®±¤‡®±Š®±, £µ°q®äy¯©Š®± (ciÔºS®Š¯‡®±, ‡®±¤S®Š¯‡®±), ïu¯ãuµ°ï‡®±Š®±, ý®±äq®uµ°ï‡®±Š®± Hº†q¯ãv y®‹N®©ÞwµSµ, N®w¯«hN®u® š®ºu®„®«u®ªå. d°î® q®±º†u®î®Š®± ‡®¾¯y®x°‡®± š®ºU®u®î®Š®±. [KAMALA HAMPANA: Attimabbe and Chalukyas, 1195, 29-31] N®w¯«hN®u® œ®©î®¼ Š¯cî®±wµq®w®S®¡®± bµ¶w® BX¯‡®±«Š® Aw®±S®äœ®vºu® š¯Úy®wµ Sµ²ºmŠ®±î® ïX¯Š®î®w®±Ý þŒ¯ý¯š®w®S®¡® Bu¯Š®vºu® A‹‡®±…œ®±u®±. S®ºS®Š®± Š®hÔŠ®± N®u®º…Š®± X¯©±N®ãŠ®± œµ²‡®±é¡®Š®± þŒ¯œ¯Š®Š®± XµºS¯¡®æŠ®± Nµ²ºS¯¡®æŠ®± X¹hŠ®± Ad©Š®± …ºS®Š®± šµ°î®¼oŠ®± †¢T‡®±Š®š®Š®± qµî®Š®−qµy®Þu®−š¯î®±ºq®Š®± „¯Š®ºT−š¯î®±ºq®Š®± YN®Ê¯S®m−š¯î®±ºq®Š®± w®TŠµ‡®±î®Š®±, š¯¡®±î®Š®± š¯ºq®Š®Š®± šµ°w®î¯Š®Š®± X®©å Nµ°q®w®Š®± š®S®Š®−î®±oŒµ‡®±Š®± ›ºu®Š®±−Ÿ°Sµ œ®©î®¼ œµ²l®Ö−š®oØ Š¯cý®S®¡®± bµ¶w® Nµ²lµ‡®± Am‡®±ªå œ®±iÔ
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bµ¶w® BX¯Š®ãŠ® N®³yµ î®±q®±Ù Bþ°î¯«u® œµ²q®±Ù œ®±iÔu® D Nµ©î®¼
Š¯cî®±wµq®w®S®¡®ªå, bµ¶w® ‡®±£®Š® y®½b¯ y®u®Ür‡®± y®ä„Â¯î® S¯l®î¯Tu®±Ûu®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š®ªå‡®±² ïýµ°Ç®î¯T X®Nµä°ý®æ‹, y®u¯âî®r°uµ°ï, X¯î®±±ºl¯, N®²Ç¯âºmx°uµ°ï î®±q®±Ù b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªx°uµ°ï−D dw®ý¯š®w® uµ°î®qµS®¡® y®ä„Â¯î® Š¯cN®±©S®¡®ªå‡®±² Cu®±Ûu¯T ý¯š®w®S®¢ºu®Œµ° r¢u®± …Š®±q®Ùuµ. y®u¯âî®r‡®±± bµ¶w®Š® 23 wµ‡®± r°s®«ºN®Š®Š¯u® y¯ý®æ«w¯s®Š® ‡®±¤, X¯î®±±ºl¯uµ°ï‡®±± Hºhwµ‡®± r°s®«ºN®Š®Š¯u® X®ºu®äy®ä„® w¯s®Š® ‡®±¤. S®ºS®Š®± î®±q®±Ù œµ²‡®±é¡®Š®± q®î®±â š¯î®¾¯äcã y®u¯âî®r° uµ°ï‰±ºu® …ºu® œ®š¯u®îµºu®± œµ°¢Nµ²ºmu¯ÛŠµ. Au®ºqµ‡µ±° Cw®²Ý Nµ©î®¼ AŠ®š®±N®±©S®¡®², î®±œ¯š¯î®±ºq® î®±œ¯î®±ºl®Œµ°ý®æŠ®Š®² š®œ® dw®ý¯š®w®uµ°î®qµ‡®¾¯u® y®u¯âî®r°uµ°ï‡®±± N®Š®±p›u® ®y®äš¯u®vºu® q¯î®¼ š®±Qy®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±w®±Ý y®lµu®±u¯T œµîµ±â‰±ºu® œµ°¢Nµ²ºmîµ. Cu®NµÊ î®±²Š®±w¯©±Ê xu®ý®«w®S®¡®w®±Ý Nµ°î®© ý¯š®w®S®¢ºu®, Eu¯œ®‹š®±qµÙ°wµ:

1. Nµ©î¯w®± v®vºu® y®u¯âî®r° uµ°ï‡®±º ïvÃy®½î®æ«N®î®¾¯»î¯w®ºSµ‡®±±Û ®º…lµu®± Q¡®Ìî®±±î®±º š®î®±š®ÙŠ¯cãî®±w®î®SµÌ«î®¾¯lµ [H.N®. 7−1, þî®îµ²S®Ì 4. 1122 î®±q®±Ù 64. 1112]
2. y®u¯âî®r° ©…Ü® y®äš¯u®º Š¯b¯vʯc yµî®¾¯â«m uµ°î®º
§°î®±X¯Ï¡®±N®ã ïN®äî®± [H.N®. 7−1, þN¯‹y®¼Š®. 115]
3. y®u®±î®¾¯î®r° ®y®äš¯u® ©…Ü ›ºœ®Œ¯ºX®w® î®w®Š¯c [H.N®. 8(Š®) B©²Š®±. 5 (5 œ¯ 45) 1025. N®oq®²Š®±. y®¼. 438]
4. IN¯ºS® ï°Š®w®š®œ¯‡®± ý¹‡®±« š¯œ®šµ²°q®±ÙºS®w®‡®±ãw® ›ºS®º Sµ°pN¯Š®Š® uµ°î® wµ²ºv‹î¯q®º Œµ²°N® ïP¯ãq®º š®î®±ãN®ð Š®q¯ÝN®Š®º y®u¯âî®r°©…Ü® y®äš¯u®º w¯î®¾¯v š®î®±š®Ù y®äý®›Ù š®Ÿq®º §°î®±w¬ î®±œ¯š¯î®±ºq®º ¯q®«oÖ‡®±ãº q®î®±â î®±±q®Ù‡®±ãº ¯m›u® …š®v‡®±º y®mš®ª› w¯hN® ý¯Œµ‡®±º ¯m› q®w®Ý O°r« þ¡¯ š®Ùº„®w¯X®ºu¯äN®Ê« q¯Š®º…Š®º xª›u®º [š¹.C.C. 11−1, 78. 1045. î®±±S®u® (u¯d/q¯)]− Ÿ°Sµ‡µ±° Cw®²Ý œ®q¯Ù©± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå y®u¯âî®r uµ°ï‡®± î®±Ÿîµ±Sµ y¯q®äŠ¯u® Š®cŠ¯p‡®±Š®, î®±wµq®w®S®¡® y®äš¯Ùy®S®¡®± ›S®±q®Ùîµ [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã, œ®ºy®: š¯ºq®Š®Š®±−Kºu®± Au®㇮±w®, 1997, 243−44].

Cuµ° ‹°r, dw®ý¯š®w® uµ°ï‡®¾¯u® b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªx°uµ°ï‡®± î®±Ÿîµ±‡®±² š®N®Ç®±Ô y®äN®hî¯Tuµ. 8−9 wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® îµ°¡µ°Sµ b¯æŒ¯ ¯ªx‡®±w®±Ý AŠ®î®±wµS®¡®©²å, î®±wµuµ°î®Š® S®±mS®¡®©²å y®½dš®±rÙu®Û Š®cî®±wµÝ‡®±Š® EŒµå°QS®¡®± ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªå ›S®±q®Ùîµ. š®î®±ºq® „®u¯äX¯Š®ãŠ®± (5−6 ý®.) D uµ°ï‡®± N®³yµSµ y¯q®äŠ¯Tu®ÛŠµw®ÝŒ¯Tuµ. BvN®ï y®ºy®w®± (932) ïN®ä¯c±«w® ïc‡®±u®ªå `ATÝN®±ºl® š®ºb¯qµ u¹äy®v b¯æ¡¯î®¾¯¢x ‡µ²Sµî®ºqµ²Sµu® N®³ÇµØ' (3−32 î®) Hºu®± y®äš¯Ùz›u¯Ûwµ. u®äï¡®S®ou® I¡¯X¯‡®±«w®± (7−8. ý®.) b¯æªx°N®©Þ y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±w®±Ý y¯äŠ®º†Ã›u®Ûw®±. yµ½w®ÝN®ï‡®± (965) S®±Š®±î¯u® Cºu®äw®ºv‡®±± (860−935) ¯w®ãPµ°hu®ªå „µ¶Š®î® y®u¯âî®r°N®©Þ î®±q®±Ù b¯æªx° N®©Þ Hº… N®³rS®¡®w®±Ý Š®Y›u®Ûw®±. œ¯š®w® dŒµå‡®± „µ°©²Š®± q¯©²åN®± œ®¡µ‡®± †°l®± œ®rÙŠ®ïŠ®±î®, b¯î®S®Œ¬ S¯äî®±u® X®ºu®äw¯s® x›vSµ ý¯š®w®î®¼ 10 wµ‡®± ý®. NµÊ šµ°‹uµÛº… Aºý® š®œ®N¯‹‡®¾¯Tuµ; D œ®¡µ‡®± N¯©u® dw¯©‡®±u®ªå b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªx° uµ°ï‡®± HŠ®l®± Œµ²°œ®î®±²r«S®¢îµ. þî®îµ²S®Ì dŒµå‡®± š¯S®Š® q¯Œ¯åOw® Sµ°Š®± šµ²y®Þ („®Œ¯åq®O° y®¼Š®, £µ°î®±y®¼Š®) u® AvÃuµ°î®qµ b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªx° uµ°ï‡µ±° BTu®Û¡®±. [w¯S®Š¯c‡®±ã. œ®ºy®: ‡®±£® ‡®±¤‡®±Š®±: 1976: 123−24]. A©åuµ u¯Š®î¯l® dŒµå‡®± w®ï©±S®±ºu®u®ªåu®Û, y¯äY°w®î¯u® b¯æ¡¯î®±¢x° uµ°ï‡®± Kºu®± š®æq®ºq®ä …š®vSµ, Cm° b¯î®½Š®± Hº… œ®¢ë‡®±w®±Ý š®î®«w®î®±ý®ãî¯T †h±Ô œµ²h±Ôu®w®±Ý r¢š®±î® î®±œ®q®æu® ý¯š®w®ïuµ [š¹.C.C. 15, 637. š®±. 13 ý®. b¯î®½Š®±. y®¼. 408]. D H©å ŸwµÝŒµ‰±ºu® b¯æŒ¯î®¾¯ªxuµ°ï‡®± Nµ©î®¼ š®ºS®rS®¡®w®±Ý ý¯š®w®S®¡® Bu¯Š®vºu® î®±±ºuµ ïîµ°Yš®Œ¯S®±î®¼u®±.

u¯Š®î¯l®dŒµå‡®± S¯î®Š®î¯l® ý¯š®w®î®¼ Aq®ãºq® î®±œ®q®æu® ý¯š®w®S®¡®Œµ²åºu®±. Au®Š®ªå Nµ©î®¼ X¯‹räN® u¯QŒµS®¡®± y®‹þ°©w® ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tîµ. Cuµ²ºu®± š®±v°U®« ý¯š®w®. Cu®± N®Œ¯ão X¯¡®±N®ãŠ® „®±î®wµ¶N®î®±©å Cî®±âm šµ²°îµ±°ý®æŠ® X®N®äî®r«‡®± B¢æNµSµ šµ°‹u® ý¯š®w®. Cu®Š®ªå î®±‡®±²Š¯î®r°y®¼Š®u® Klµ‡®±w®², N®q®ÙŒµN®±©NµÊ šµ°‹u®î®w®² Bu® K…à N¯hŠ®š®w®w®±Ý y®‹X®‰±š®Œ¯Tuµ. ý®äî®o„µ¡®Sµ²¡®u® YN®Ê„µhÔu® îµ±°Œµ CŠ®±î® N®q®ÙŒµ …š®v‡®±w®±Ý D N®q®ÙŒµ N®±©u® N¯hŠ®š®wµ²° As®î¯ Aî®w® ý®š®ÚŠµ² N®iÔ›Š®„µ°Nµºu®± „¯©± Aî®N¯ý®ïuµ. S¯î®Š®î¯l®u® ý¯š®w® uµ²l®ÖvŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu® y®äš®±Ùq® X®Xµ«‡®± N®£µSµ K¡®y®l®±î® Nµ©î®¼ š¯©±S®¡®w®ÝÇµÔ Cªå Eu¯œ®‹š®±qµÙ°wµ:

1. š®æ›Ù š®î®±vÃS®q® y®ºX® î®±œ¯ý®…Ü î®±œ¯š¯î®±w®Ù „®±cµ²°y¯dÑ«q® ïc‡®± ©¤Èâ°N¯ºq®º š®î®±š¯Ù‹ ïc‡®±u®£®u®¤o uµ²°u®«oÖº N®q®ÙŒµ N®±© N®î®±¡® ¯q®«oÖº î®±‡®±²Š¯î®r° y®¼Š®î¯Š¯vðý®æŠ®º b¯æ©x°©…Ü® y®äš¯u® N®y®½Þ«Š® î®Ç®«º dw®u®⫠x⫡®º wµŠµ N¯i‡®±ºN®N¯Š®w¯î®¾¯v š®î®±š®Ù y®äý®›Ù š®Ÿq®º §°î®±w¬ î®±œ¯š¯î®±ºq® „µ¡®æŒ¯vÃy®r „®±c…¡® N¯hŠ®š®Š®±º [H.C. 15, 23. 1071−72. S¯î®Š®î¯l®−ApØSµ°‹. š¯©±: 44−47].

D ý¯š®w®u® î®±œ®q®æu®Šµ ý¯ºrw¯s®wµº… bµ¶w® N®ï‡®±± Cu®w®±Ý …ŠµvŠ®±î®wµº…±u®±. D ý¯ºrw¯s® N®ï‡®±± š®±N®±î®¾¯Š® X®‹qµ‡µ±º… X®ºy®½ N¯î®ãî®w®²Ý, þN¯‹y®¼Š® 136 wµ‡®± î®±œ®q®æu® ý¯š®w®î®w®±Ý Š®Y› y®ä›u®Üw¯Tu¯Ûwµ [N®î®±Œ¯ œ®ºy®w¯: ý¯ºrw¯s® : 1972].

2. Cwµ²Ýºu®± ý¯š®w® œ®wµÝŠ®l®wµ‡®± ý®q®î®¾¯w®NµÊ šµ°‹u¯ÛTuµ. Cu®± š®œ® u¯Š®î¯l® dŒµå‡®± S®u®S®u®ªå uµ²Šµruµ. D ý¯š®w®u® KN®Ênµ‰±ºu® y®äš®±Ùq®NµÊ EYq®î¯S®±î®Ç®Ôw®±Ý ¯q®ä HrÙNµ²¡®ëŒ¯Tuµ:

š®æ›Ù š®î®±vÃS®q® y®ºX®î®±œ¯ý®…Ûº î®±œ¯î®±ºl®Œµ°ý®æŠ® Bš®ºv î®±‡®±²Š® y®¼Š®î®Š¯vðý®æŠ® ²°và ºl®¢N®w®S® î®cäu®ºl®º š®±„®h X®²l¯î®±p ‹S®c ýµ°Q‹ š®œ®c î®±±Š¯‹ §°î®±dÑw® S®ºuµ²°u®N® y®ïrä° N®³qµ²°q®Ù¯ºS®w¬ + IN¯ºS®ï°Š® y®Š®w¯‹° u®²Š® ï…±u®cw®š®±Ùq®ã „µ¡µ²æŒ¯ vq®ã b¯æ¢x°uµ°ï° ©…Ü® y®äš¯u¯š¯vq® N®ªS®¡®º N¯î® î®±œ¯î®±ºl®¡µ°ý®æŠ®º Š¯‡®±uµ°î®Š®š®Š®± [š¹.C.C. 15, 214. 1199. S®u®S®. y®¼. 256−57]

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