Jain World
 
     
  Email this page       

Combining  JAIN aspirations..Globally...... Mission*24L*
Jain World
Sub-Categories  of DANACHINTAMANI

CHAPTER-1

CHAPTER-2
CHAPTER-3
CHAPTER-4
CHAPTER-5
CHAPTER-6
CHAPTER-7
CHAPTER-8
CHAPTER-9
CHAPTER-10
CHAPTER-11
CHAPTER-12
CHAPTER-13
CHAPTER-14
CHAPTER-15
CHAPTER-16
CHAPTER-17
CHAPTER-18
CHAPTER-19
CHAPTER-20
CHAPTER-21
CHAPTER-22
CHAPTER-23
CHAPTER-24
CHAPTER-25
CHAPTER-26
CHAPTER-27

    

Cu®NµÊ N¯Š®o C©åv©å; A®OEµåȶ N®î®±Á-›u¯Ûºq®u®ºs® ¯w®ãqµ‡®±± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯T©å ; Kºu®±

îµ°¡µ Eq®Þw®Ýî¯Tu®ÛŠ®² ïýµ°Ç® ïN®›q®î¯S®ª©å. îµ°u¯ºq® u®ý®Áw®u®ªå Dý®æŠ®w®±Ý î®±xÝ›‡®±²

š®oe® Aî®w¬ N®q®Á³q®æu® š®º…ºu®u®ªå Nµ©îµ½ºu®± uµ²°Ç®S®¡®± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î®ºqµ y®äN®iš®OE¯Tuµ.

„¯u®Š¯‡®±ow® š®²q®äS®¡®ªå î®±q®±Ù AS®¡® îµ±°ªw® ý®ºN®Š¯X¯‡®±ÁN®³q® „¯Ç®ãS®¡®ªå (2,134)

š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T oeµ°¢uµ. î®±w®±Ç®ãw® š®±Q-u®±:QS®¡® N®q®Á³î®¼ Dý®æŠ®wµºu®± î®±xÝ›u®Šµ Aî®w®± y®£®y¯r

î®±q®±Ù N®²äŠ®qµS®¡®±ë¡®ë uµ²°™‡µ±xš®±î®w®± ; ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ AÈÝ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± cw®Š®w®±Ý Aq®ãºq®

š®±R‡®±w¯ÝT ¯mu¯Ûwµ. Cw®±Ý Nµ©î®Š®w®±Ý Aq®ãºq® u®±:RS®¡®w¯ÝT ¯mu¯Ûwµ. D š®ºS®rS®¡®w®±Ý

ïîµ°X®wµ ¯m ,Nµ²wµSµ Kºu®± x©±îµ±Sµ …Š®OE¯Tuµ;Dý®æŠ®w®± ,î®±w®±Ç®ãŠ® 𮩱î¯T Iw¯u®Š®²

¯l®±q¯Ù Cu®Ûе Au®wµÝ©å A®î®Š® y®½î®Á N®î®±ÁN®Êw®±š®‹›‡µ±° ¯l®±q¯Ùwµ. Aºu® îµ±°OEµ D

y®‹›Úr‡®±ªå Dý®æŠ®xSµ ‡®¾¯î® N®q®Á³q®æ š¯æq®ºq®ü C©åu®± ›u®Ûî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w®

N®î®±Á›u¯Ûºq®u®ªå î®±w®±Ç®ãw® N®î®±ÁS®¡®w®±Ý y®©u¯‡®±N®Sµ²¢š®±î®u®N¯ÊT „µ°‹wµ²Ýºu®± †Ãw®Ý

ý®OÙ‡®±w®±Ý ›æ°N®‹š®±î® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ Cuµ‡µ±ºu®² r¢‡®±OE¯S®ª©å. A®± q®î®±â N®î®±Á›u¯Ûºq®vºu®

î®±w®±Ç®ãw® î®ãOÙq®æ , Aî®w® S®±o, BX®Š®o î®±q®±Ù š®±Q-u®±:P¯q®âN® Aw®±„®î®S®¡®w®±Ý Eq®Þw®Ý

¯l®±î® N®î®±Áý®OÙS®¢Sµ Kºu®± š®±î®ãî®›Úq® îµ¶b¯ÓxN® š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý Ey®›Úq®Sµ²¢š®±î®

y®ä‡®±q®Ý¯mu®Š®±. Cu®‹ºu® bµ¶w® u¯ý®ÁxN®Š®± q®î®±â y®Š®î®¾¯q®â As®î¯ Dý®æŠ®w®±Ý Aî®w®

N®q®Á³q®æu®ªå Eºg¯S®±î® uµ²°Ç®S®¢ºu® î®±±N®ÙSµ²¢›u®Š®±.Cwµ²Ýºu®± u®³™Ô‰±ºu® y®är‡µ²ºu®±

î®ãOÙS®² q®w®Ý BX®Š®nµ‡®± ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå y®½oÁî¯T Eq®ÙŠ®u¯‰±q®æî®w®±Ý Ku®T›u¯Ûе. bµ¶w®

N®î®±Á›u¯Ûºq®u® D ¯q®± „®S®î®v̰qµ‡®±Ô D Nµ¡®Tw® î¯N®ãS®¡®ªå u®æxq® Sµ²ºl®±u®±

î®ãN®Ùî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. B ýµ²å°N®S®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ:-

š® N®q®³9q®æºw® N®w¯p OEµ²°N®š®ã š®äcr î®ä„®±» |

w® N®î®±9-y®©-š®º‡µ²°S®º š®æ„Â¯î®š®±Ù y®äî®q®9qµ° ||

w¯u®qµÙ° N®š®ãYq¬ y¯y®º w® y®¼o㺠N®š®ãYq¬ ï„®±» |

 

AWÓwµ°w¯î®³q®º WÓw®º qµ°w® î®±±oe¬ ‡®±ºr cw®Ùî®» ||

(„¬.T°.5.14-15)

d°î® î®±q®±Ù N®î®±Á…ºu® š¯vǵ²° Aw¯vǵ²°?:-

N®î®±Á ›u¯Ûºq®u® ï°î®X®wµ‡®±ªå w¯î®¼ Ÿ°Sµ N®ºl®± Nµ²ºmuµÛ°îµ. d°î®î®¼ ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š®

q®w®Ý î®±w®-î®X®w®-N¯‡®±S®¡® O䇵±‰±ºu®©² НS®uµæ°Ç¯q®âN® „¯î®wµS®¢ºu®©² q®w®Ý Aºq®Š®ºS®u®ªå

Cºs®uµ²ºu®± ý®OÙ‡®±w®±Ý oe®±iÔ› Nµ²¡®±ëq®Ùu®ÇµÔ. B ý®OÙ‰±ºu® w¯w¯ y®äN¯Š®u® š®±Q-u®±:Q Š®²y®

Aw®±„®î®î®w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±q®Ùuµ; î®±q®±Ù Au®± š®ºš¯Š®X®N®äu®ªå y®‹„®äî®±o ¯l®±q®Ùuµ. Cªå Kºuµ°

y®äýµÝ‰±uµ. d°î®u® D š®ºš¯Š®-y®‹„®äî®±o ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š® Au®± Aw¯v‰±uµ‡µ²°, Auµ°

y®äN¯Š® Au®± Aw®±q®u®î®ŠµSµ w®lµ‡®±±î®¼u®± Ax®±Áîµ? Cu®± Ax®±Áî¯TŠ®vu®Ûе Cu®w®±Ý

Nµ²wµSµ²¢š®±î®¼ÈÛ Ayµ°£®p°‡®±îµ? Ayµ°£®p°‡®±îµ°î¬ BTu®Ûе Au®Š¬ Ey¯‡®±îµ°w®±? D

ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå †Ãw®Ý †Ãw®Ý u®ÁS®¡®ªå î®±q®±Ù u®ý®Áw®S®¡®ªå w¯w¯ ïu® î®±q¯ºq®Š®S®¡®± N®ºl®±

…Š®±q®Ùîµ.ïb¯Ów®î®¼ H©å y®äN®³r‡®± Aw®ã S®±ou®ÁS®¡® ýµ²°u®u®ªå q®w®Ý Aš¯î®±w®ã

š¯î®±s®ãÁî®w®±Ý y®äN®i›uµ‡µ²°, Aªå Au®± d°î®u® „®²q® î®±q®±Ù „®ïÇ®ãu® š®º…ºu®u®ªå Iw®w®²Ý

xý®Ï‡®±y®½î®ÁN®î¯T oeµ°¡®±î®¼v©å. Au®Š®ªå Au®±Aš®î®±s®Áîµx›uµ. Ÿ°S¯T D ïÇ®‡®±u® îµ±°OEµ

w¯î®¼ u¯ï±ÁN® u®ý®Áw®S®¡® ›°îµ±‡®±ªå‡µ±° ïX¯Š®î®¾¯l®„µ°N¯S®±q®Ùuµ. ‡®¾¯î® u®ý®Áw®î®¼ d°î®w®

y®äî¯oe®î®¼ š¯v‡µ±ºu®± As¯Áq® Aw¯v A©åu®± ‡®¾¯î®¼u¯u®Šµ²ºu®± N¯©u®ªå Au®±

y¯äŠ®º„®î¯Tuµ‡µ±ºu®± î®±xÝš®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, Au®Š® Hu®±‹Sµ Kºu®± y®äýµÝ‡®±± Eu®àïš®±q®Ùuµ. D

d°î®w®u® y¯äŠ®º„® Hºu®± B‰±q®±? INµ B‰±q®± ? Hºu®± BŠ®º„®±qµº…±u®NµÊ Eq®ÙŠ®ï©å.

Bu®Šµ INµ BŠ®º„®±qµº…±u®NµÊ Dý®æŠ® CXµÏ‰±ºu® d°î®S®¡® Eq®ÞrÙ‡®¾¯‰±qµºu®±

oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. D ïX¯Š®š®Š®p‡®±ªå d°î®u®âÉÚ­ Xµ°q®w® u®äî®ãu® Eq®ÞrÙSµºu®± î®±qµ²Ù°ºu®±

Dý®æŠ®w®ºs® î®±oe¯w® Xµ°q®w® u®äî®ãu® N®©Þwµ‡®±w®±Ý ¯l®±î®¼u®± Aî®çÉãî¯T †l®±q®Ùuµ. D î®±oe¯w®

Xµ°q®w®u® š®qµÙ‡®±w®±Ý Aw¯v‡µ±ºu®± î®±xÝš®±î®½Û Ax®±Áî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w®u®Áu®ªå D HŠ®l®±

oe®ºq®u® N®©Þwµ‡®± š¯Úw®u®ªå š®Š®¡®î¯T d°î®S®¡®± Aw¯vN¯©vºu® š®ºš¯Š®uµ²¡®Sµ Cu®Û …SµÌ

 

›æ°N®³r‡®±w®±Ý Nµ²l®±î®¼u®± EYq®îµºu®± r¢‡®±OE¯Tuµ. Bu®Šµ …oe®± š®ºQã d°î®S®¡®± D š¯âÉ銮-

„®äî®±oî®w®±Ý Nµ²wµSµ²¢›, q®î®±â ý®±u®Û Š®²y®u®ªå Aq®ãºq® y®äS®r‡®±w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±î®¼u®±

š®º„Â®î®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. D y®äN¯Š® ‡®¾¯î® d°î®S®¢Sµ š®ºš¯Š®vºu® oeµ²Š®†u®±Û,îµ²°£®î®w®±Ý

š®ºy¯vš®±î® ý®OÙ‡®±± CŠ®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, B d°î®S®¢Sµ '„®î®ã' As¯Áq¬ 'BS®±î®¼u®NµÊ q®N®Ê' Hºu®±

î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. Cw®±Ý ‡®¾¯î® d°î®S®¡®ªå D š¯î®±s®±ãÉæÁ CŠ®±î®¼v©åîµ½ AS®¢Sµ A„®î®ãu®±

oeµ°¢uµ.

w¯©±Ê y®¼Š®±y¯s®ÁS®¡®±:-

d°î®î®¼ q®w®Ý š®ºš¯Š®w®±„®î®î®w®±Ý Nµ²wµSµ²¢š®±î®¼u®± Ayµ°£®p°‡®±îµ½° As®î¯ A©åîµ½°;

D ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå Kºu®± y®äýµÝ‡®±² š®oe® Eu®áïš®±q®Ùuµ. d°î®w®u® Aºrî®± uµ¶‡®±î®¼ Ixuµ?

„Â¯Š®r°‡®± y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±ªå d°î®w®u® uµ¶‡®± î®±q®±Ù y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¡®w®±Ý w¯©±Ê y®äN¯Š®îµºu®±

î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. C u®Á As®Á ,N¯î®± î®±q®±Ù îµ²°£® Hºu®± Cîµ. CS®¡® …SµÌ š®î®±±Yq®

ïX¯Š® ¯l®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Nµ©îµ½ºu®± š®ºS®rS®¡®± š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùîµ. D w¯©±Ê y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¡®w®±Ý

HŠ®l®± „¯S®S®¡®ªå Tš®±î®¼u®± ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tuµ. Kºu®± u®Á î®±q®±Ù As®Á; Cwµ²Ýºu®± N¯î®±

î®±q®±Ù îµ²°£®. CS®¡®ªå ‡®±s¯s®Áî¯T N¯î®± oe¯S®² îµ²°£®S®¡µŠ®lµ° xcî¯T‡®±²

y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¡¯Tîµ. N¯î®±u¬ As®Á š¯ºš¯‹N® š®±Qvlµ. îµ²°£®u® As®Á š¯ºš®‹N®

š®±Q, u®±:Q î®±q®±Ù …ºu®w®S®¢ºu® î®±±OÙ‡µ±ºu¯S®±q®Ùuµ. D HŠ®l®± y®Š®š®ÞŠ® ²°vÃ

y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¢Sµ š¯u®w®î®¼ As®Á î®±q®±Ù u®ÁS®¡¯Tîµ. As®Ávºu® u®w®„¹rN® îµ²u®OE¯u®

š¯ºš¯‹N® y®‹S®äoe®S®¡®± uµ²Šµ‡®±±q®Ùîµ. AS®¢ºu® u¹©q® š®±Q ©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ. Cw®±Ý ‡®¾¯î®

ý¯‹°‹N® î®±q®±Ù Au¯ãrâN®­ š¯u®wµS®¢ºu® îµ²°£®î®¼ y¯äy®Ùî¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²° Au®± u®Áu®±

q¯q®Þ‡®±Á. „Â¯Š®r°‡®± u®ý®Áw®S®¡®ªå Nµ°î®© X¯î¯ÁN® î®±q®îµ½ºu®± ¯q®ä As®Ávºu® N¯î®±

y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®Áî®w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±î®¼uµ° d°î®w®u® Aºrî®± uµ¶‡®±îµºu®± ›æ°N®‹š®±q®Ùuµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ D

î®±q®N®Êw®±š®‹› ý®‹°Š®vºu® †Ãw®Ýî¯u® d°î®u®ºs®, ý®‹°Š®î®¼ „®š®âî¯u® îµ±°OEµ q®w®Ý A›Ùq®æî®w®±Ý

›ÚŠ®î¯T Ch±Ô Nµ²¡®±ës® ‡®¾¯î® y®³s®N¬ q®q®æîµ° C©å. Au®N¯ÊT D î®±q®NµÊ w¯›ÙN®îµºu®±

 

oeµ°¢u¯Ûе. E¢u® îµ°u¯ºq¯v îµ¶vN® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® , „¹u®ÛS®¡®ºs® Aîµ¶vN® u®ý®Áw®S®¡®±

KºvOEµ²åºu®± Š®²y®vºu® ý®‹°Š®vºu¬ †Ãw®Ýî¯u® Kºu®± ý¯ý®æq® q®q®ðî®w®²Ý ›æ°N®‹›îµ. Au®N¯ÊT

D î®±q®S®¡®± B›ÙN®îµºu®± Hx›îµ. oe¯Sµ‡µ±° D î®±q®S®¢S®w®±š®‹› d°î®u® Nµ²wµ‡®±

y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®Á N¯î®±î¯TŠ®uµ îµ²°£®î¯Tuµ. Cu®Š® š¯l®w®±æ u®Áu®± ›æ°N®‹š®OE¯Tuµ.

u®Áu® Cuµ° ýµä°Ç®Õq®æî®w®±Ý S®î®±x› w¯©±Ê y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¡®ªå Au®NµÊ y®äs®î®± š¯Úw®ïà°‡®±OE¯Tuµ.

Au®Š®ºgµ îµ²°£®u® X®Š®î®± y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®Áqµ‡®±w®±Ý š®²Yš®±î®¼u®NµÊºuµ° Au®w®±Ý Nµ²wµ‡®±ªå Cl®OE¯Tuµ.

As®Á î®±q®±Ù N¯î®±­ C®l®± š¯u®w®S®¡®±; š¯u¬ã-d°î®w®u® î®±u®ãu® AµÚS®¡¯Tîµ. Au®N¯ÊT

CS®¡®­ š¯Úw®±æ y®¼Š®±Ç¯s®ÁS®¡® î®±u®ãu®ªåuµ.

îµ²°£® xcî¯u® š®±Q:-

D y®äN¯Š® bµ¶w®u®ÁN®Êw®±š®‹› d°î®w®u® Aºrî®± uµ¶‡®±î®¼ N¯î®± As¯Áq¬ š¯ºš¯‹N®

š®±Qu®± î®±xÝ›Š®uµ îµ²°£®î®w®±Ý î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. š¯æ„Â¯ïN®î¯T Cªå Kºu®± y®äýµÝ‡®±±

Eu®àïš®±q®Ùuµ. y®äq®ã£® š®±Q Nµ²l®±î®ºs® y®u¯s®Á­ oe¯S®² y®ärÙS®¢Sµ î®±oe®q®æî®w®±Ý Nµ²l®uµ

îµ²°£® Š®²y® y®Šµ²°£® š®±Qu® îµ±°OEµ CÇ®±Ô „Â¯Š¯î®w®±Ý oe¯N®±î® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‡®¾¯u®Š®² Ixuµ?

Cu®Š® Eq®ÙŠ®ïǵÔ; q®q®æb¯ÓxS®¢Sµ D š®ºš¯Š® š®±Q xcî¯u® š®±Qå; Cu®± š®±P¯„¯š®

¯q®ä Cuµ‡µ±ºu®± Ax›uµ. Au®±YŠ®š¯Ú‰±‡®¾¯S®uµ A©Þ N¯ª°w®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ.…oe®±q®Š® Kºu®±

š®±Qu® q®³zÙ‡®±± Eq®Ùе²°q®ÙŠ® Awµ°N® oeµ²š® oeµ²š® OE¯©šµS®¢Sµ cw®â Nµ²l®±î®¼u®±

N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. î®±q®±Ù ‡®¾¯î¯S® w¯î®¼ D š®±Qu® š¯u®w®S®¡®± As¯Áq¬ š¯ºš¯‹N® š®±Q-

š¯î®±TäS®¡® y®ä¯ou® îµ±°OEµ ïX¯Š® ¯l®±qµÙ°îµ‡µ²°, BS® Au®± Aš®ºQã y¯äpS®¡®

OE¯©šµS®¡®w®±Ý q®³y®ÙSµ²¢š®©± oeµ°Sµ y®½Šµ¶›q®± ; Kºu®± d°î®u® A†ÃOE¯Çµ‡®±w®±Ý š®oe® Au®±

y®½Šµ¶š®u®±. Au®N¯ÊT K…à BX¯‡®±ÁŠ®± Ÿ°Sµ oeµ°¢u¯Ûе:-

Bý¯S®q®Á: y®ry¯äp ‡®±›âw¬ ïý®æî®±o²y®î®±î®± |

 

N®š®ã Oº O‡®±u¯‡®¾¯r s¯ îµ½ ïÇ®‡®±³Ç®q¯ ||

As¯Áq¬ y®är‡µ²ºu®± y¯äp‡®±± A†ÃOE¯Ç¯ Š®²z°S®q®Á „®± uµ²l®Övuµ. Au®Š®ªå

ïý®æu® š®î®Áš®ºy®q®±Ù Kºu®± Ao±ïSµ š®î®±îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. Aºu®îµ±°OEµ H©åŠ® Býµ‡®±± y®½rÁ‡®±±

oeµ°Sµ; Iw®±, HÇ®±Ô Nµ²hÔŠµ y®½rÁ‡®¾¯S®©± š¯u®ãïuµ Aºq®² š¯ºš¯‹N® ïÇ®‡®±S®¡® ®wµ‡®±±

š®î®Ás¯ î®ãs®Áî¯Tuµ Au®± „¯»‡®± ®±ÙS®¡® Avðw®î¯TŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu®©² Au®Š® y¯äzÙ‡®±±

AxþÏq®î¯Tuµ. Au®N¯ÊT y®ä‡®±rÝš®±î®¼u®² š®oe® Bq®±Š®qµ oe¯S®² ïy®rÙS®¢ºu® y®‹y®½oÁî¯Tuµ.

B v𵇮±ªå y®ärÙš®±î®¼u®‹ºu® ‡®¾¯‹S®² Hºu®² q®³zÙ‡®±± Eºg¯T©å; î®±q®±Ù ASµ š¯Ú‰±

š®±Q-ý¯ºrS®¡®± ©†Ã›u®ºr©å. Au®N¯ÊT xcî¯u® š¯Ú‰± š®±QN¯ÊT î®±w®±Ç®ãw®± As®Á š®ºX®‡®±

Š®²y®­ y®ärÙ -y®Š¯‡®±oqµ‰±ºu® y®Š¯W¯QSµ²ºl®±, u®Á š¯u®w®Š®²y® OÙ-

y¯ä‡®±oqµ‡®± A„¯㚮 ¯l®„µ°N¯Tuµ. Au®Š® î®±²©N® š¯ºš¯‹N®­ q®³ÇµØ‡®± î®±±OÙŠ®²y®

Bq¯âvðw® îµ²°£® š®±Qu® y¯äzÙ‡®¾¯S®±î®¼u®±. BX¯‡®±ÁŠ®± u®±:Q î®±q®±Ù š®±Qu® y®‹„¯ǵ‡®±w®±Ý

N®²l®­ Ÿ°Sµ ¯mu¯Ûе:-

š®î®Á y®Š®î®º u®±:Qº š®î®Á¯q®âî®ý®º š®±Qî®± |

Iq®u¬ ïu¯ãq¬ š®î®¾¯šµ°w® ©£®oº š®±Q-u®±:Q‡µ²° ||

(î®±w®±.4,160)

‡®¾¯î®¼u®± y®Š¯vðw®î¯Tuµ‡µ²° Auµ©å Nµ²0wµ‡®±ªå u®±:Qu¯‡®±N®î¯Tuµ; î®±q®±Ù

‡®¾¯î®¼u®± š¯ævðw®ïuµ‡µ²° Auµ° xcî¯T š®±Qu¯‡®±N®îµºu®± ›u®Ûî¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

îµ²°£® ¯S®Á:-

bµ¶w®u®Áu®ªå îµ²°£®­ y¯äzÙ‡®±± Ey¯‡®±î®¼ ý®±u®Û u®ý®Áw®, b¯Ów®, î®±q®±Ù

X¯‹q®äu®± oeµ°¢uµ. q®q¯æs®Á ý¯š®ôu® y®äs®î®± š®²q®ä š®î®±âÉãS®Ûý®Áw® b¯Ów® X¯‹q¯äp îµ²°£®

¯S®Á:\ Hºvuµ. Cîµ° î®±²Š®NµÊ Š®q®Ýq®ä‡®±îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. u®Áu® š®æŠ®²y®î®¼ D

 

Š®q®Ýq®ä‡®±S®¡®ªå‡µ±° Al®N®î¯Tuµ. u®Áu® D î®±²Š®± AºS®S®¡®± îµ¶vN® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±ªå‡®±²

ý®äu¯Û As®î¯ „®OÙ, b¯Ów¬ î®±q®±Ù N®î®±ÁS®¡µº… oeµš®‹xºu® ›æ°N®‹›u¯Ûе. î®±w®± š®âȳr‡®±ªå Cuµ°

u®Áî®w®±Ý y®äry¯vš®±î® y®ärbµÓ‡®±w®±Ý ¯l®OE¯Tuµ: ‡®¾¯î®¼u®w®±Ý xcî¯u® (š®î®±âÉãS¬-u®³™Ô)

ïu¯æw¬(b¯Óx)Š®±, НS®-uµæ°Ç®-Š®Ÿq® (š®X¯Ï‹q®äî¯w¬) î®±oe¯y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®± šµ°î®w® î®±q®±Ù

Aw®±b¯Óy®w® ¯mŠ®±î®Šµ²° Au®wµÝ y®ärî¯vš®±îµ-Hºvuµ. „®S®î®u¬ T°qµ‡®±ªå‡®±² N®²l®

ý®äuµÛ‡®±±¡®ëî®wµ° b¯Ów®î®w®±Ý š®ºy¯vš®±q¯Ùwµ; B îµ±°OEµ°‡µ± Aî®w®± š®º‡®±ï±‡®¾¯S®±q¯Ùwµ-Hºu®±

›æ°N®‹š®OE¯Tuµ. Au®± Ÿ°Tuµ:-

ïu®ævá: šµ°ïq®: š®váxÁq®ãî®±uµæ°Ç®Š¯T†Ã:|

oe®³u®‡µ±°w¯„®ãw®±cÓqµ²° u®Áš®ÙxÝ„µ²°u®q®||

(î®±w®±.2,1)

ý®äu¯Ûî¯w¬ ©Z®qµ b¯Ów®º q®q®ÞŠ®: š®º‡®±qµ°xÛÉä |

(„®.T°.4,39)

u®ý®Áw®îµº…±u®NµÊ Awµ°N® As®ÁS®¡¯S®±q®Ùîµ. AS®¡® EOEµå°Qî®w®±Ý D îµ²u®OEµ°

¯l®OE¯Tuµ .îµ²°£® ¯S®Áu®ªå y®äq®Ùî¯S®±î®¼u®N¯ÊT îµ²u®©wµ‡®±­ oeµbµÑ‡µ±ºu®±

š®î®±âÉãS®Ûý®Áw®î®w®±Ý oeµ°¢uµ. ý¯šµ²ô°N®Ù q®q®æS®¡® š®æŠ®²y®u®ªå xcî¯u® ý®äuµÜ‡®±±

Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î®¼uµ° š®î®±âÉãS®Ûý®Áw®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. Cºs® š®q®ã u¯ï±ÁN® u®³™Ô‡®± î®±²©î®¼ q®w®Ý Bq®â

ý®‹°Š®vºu® †Ãw®Ýî¯Tuµ‡µ±º… A‹î®w®±Ý š®u¯ Ch±ÔNµ²¡®±ëuµ° BTuµ. Hªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ D A‹î®¼

î®±²l®±î®¼v©åîµ½° Aªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ d°î®î®¼ ï±s¯ãr懮¾¯Tuµ. D ï±s¯ãq®ævºu® †l®±S®lµ‡®±w®±Ý

oeµ²ºv, Bq®â„µ²°u® Š®²y® š®î®±âÉãN®Ôu® y¯äu®±„¯Áî®î®¼ d°î®u® S®äºt-„µ°u®îµºu®± oeµ°¢u¯Ûе.

š¯ºš¯‹N® y®äî¯oe®u®ªå Hºu¯u®Š®² ‡®¾¯î® ‹°r‡®±OE¯åu®Š®² ïïu® N¯Š®oS®¢ºu® Au®± ›u®Ûî¯T

oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. d°î®S®¢Sµ DA AN®š¯âq¬ U®Ç®Áo Uµ²°©w®w¯ã‡®±vºu® Cu®± y¯äy®Ùî¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

y®äî¯oe®-y®rq® N®ªåw® q®±ºl®±S®¡®± y®Š®š®ÞŠ® rN®±Êq®Ù q¯S®±q®Ù CŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu® w¯w¯ y®äN¯Š®u® ïýµ°Ç®

 

BN¯Š®î®w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±q®Ùîµ. Au®± uµ°î®î®±²rÁ‡®± š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±î®î®ŠµS®²

î®±±ºu®±î®‹‡®±±q®Ùuµ. Cºs® Nµ©îµ½ºu®± d°î®S®¢Sµ Kºu®± ïýµ°î®è AµÚ‡®±ªå y®½î®Ácw®âu®

š®âŠ®nµ‡®±± Eºg¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®‹ºu® AS®¢Sµ š®î®±âÉãN®Ù y¯äy®Ùî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Kîµ²âîµ±â r°î®ä-

u®±:Qu®-îµ°u®wµ‰±ºu® C©åîµ u®Á°y®uµ°ý® Nµ°¢ As®î¯ u®Á°q®éî®S®¡®w®±Ý wµ²°l®±î®¼u®‹ºu®

š®î®±âÉãN®Ù b¯S®³q®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ.š®î®±âÉãq®Ù y¯äy®Ùî¯u® îµ±°OEµ Au®Š®ªå u®³l®qµ‡®±± ‡®¾¯î¯S®

…Š®±î®¼uµ²° BS® Au®± Nµ©îµ½ºu®± uµ²°Ç®S®¢ºu® î®±±N®Ù oe¯S®² S®±oS®¢ºu® š®º‡®±±N®Ùî¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ.

u¯ï±ÁN® ý®äuµÜ‡®±­ š®º…ºu®u®ªå š®ºý®‡®±S®¡®± Š®²y®¼Sµ²ºmŠ®±î®¼u®±, Au®Š® š¯u®wµ‰±ºu® q®î®±â

š¯ºš¯‹N® BN¯º£µS®¡®w®±Ý y®½rÁSµ²¢›Nµ²¡®±ëî® „¯î®wµ‡®±xÝl®±î®¼u®±. u®Á°y®uµ°ý® As®î¯

u¯ï±ÁN® y®ärÙS®¡® š®º…ºu®u®ªå š®ºuµ°oe® C©åîµ U®³n¯ „¯î®î®w®±Ý Cl®±î®¼u®±, C

š®î®±âÉãN®Ùî®w®±Ý î®±ªw® ¯l®±î®ºs® uµ²°Ç®S®¡¯Tîµ. D w¯©Êw®±Ý u®²Š® Sµ²°¢› u®Áî®w®²Ý

xºuµ‰±ºu® Š®¤š®±î®¼u®± , u¯ï±ÁN® cw®Š®w®±Ý š®q¬ y®ärÙ‡®±ªå u®³l®Sµ²¢š®±î®¼u®±,

Aµ²l®wµ š®u¬ „¯«î®y®½oÁ î®ãî®oe¯Š®î®w®±Ý Ch±ÔNµ²¡®±ëu®±, u®Áu® î®±oe®q®æî®î®w®±Ý š®ÞÇ®Ô

¯l®±î®¼u®NµÊ y®ä‡®±rÝš®±î®¼u®± ,D w¯©±Ê S®±oS®¡®± b¯S®³q®î¯S®±î®¼u®‹ºu® AǯԺS® š®î®±âÉãN®Ù

y®½oÁSµ²¡®±ëq®Ùuµ.

š®î®±âÉãS®Ûȳ™Ô-ï±s¯ãu®³™Ô y®¼Š®±Ç®:-

ï±s¯ãræ° î®±q®±Ù š®î®±âÉãOÙ° î®±w®±Ç®ãŠ® X¯‹q®äu®ªå N®pØSµ N¯o±î®ºs® „µ°u®S®¡®± Iw®±/

Hº… y®äýµÝ‡®±² Cªå Eu®áïš®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãïuµ. ï±s¯ãq®æNµÊ ïy®‹°q®, IN¯ºq®, š®ºý®‡®±, ïw®‡®±

î®±q®±Ù Ab¯Ów® Ju®± ©£®oS®¡®w®±Ý oeµ°¢uµ. Aš®q¬ î®w®±Ý š®q¬ Hºu®², Nµl®±N®w®±Ý K¡µë‡®±uµºu®²,

y¯y®î®w®±Ý y®¼oãu®² î®±xÝ› w®lµ‡®±±î®¼u®± ï±s¯ãræ° î®±w®±Ç®ãw® ïy®‹°q®qµ‡®¾¯Tuµ. Aî®w®ªå

oe®hî¯vq®æî®¼ N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. Aî®w® u®³™Ô Nµ²°w®î®¼ „®± š®ºN®±Yq®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. q®w®Ýš¬ uÂ¯Š®n¯

†l®±î®¼u®N¯ÊS®ª …u®ªš®±î®¼u®N¯ÊS®ª° ›u®ÛxŠ®±î®¼v©å. Aw®ãŠ® ïX¯Š®S®¡µ²°l®wµ

oeµ²ºv›Nµ²¡®±ëu®NµÊ š®ºy®½oÁ Aš®î®±s®Áw¯TŠ®±q¯Ùwµ. Aî®w®ªå Eu¯Š® u®³™Ô‡®±

A„¯î®ïŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cuµ° Aî®w® IN¯ºq®q¯ Hxš®±q®Ùuµ. š®ºý®‡®±þ°© rÙ‡®±² N®²l® ï±s®ãq®æu®

 

©£®oî¯Tuµ. K¡µë‡®±u®Š®ªå K¡µë‡®±u¯u® ¯rw®ªå‡®±² ï±s¯ãræSµ y®½oÁ

ïý¯æš®ïŠ®±î®¼v©å.Ÿ°S¯T y®ä…©q®Š® q®N®Á î®±q®±Ù y®ä¯oS®¡®± Aî®w® š®ºý®‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý

u®²Š®î®¾¯l®©± š®î®±s®Áî¯S®±î®¼v©å. ïw®‡®±u® As®Á x‡®±î®± y®‹y¯©wµ‡µ±ºvuµ. Bu®Šµ

ïîµ°N® C©åuµ ‡®¾¯î®¼uµ° y®äN¯Š®u®­ K¡µë‡®±vŠ®ª ,NµhÔuµÛ° CŠ®ª x‡®±î®±î®w®±Ý y¯ªš®±î®¼uµ°

ýµä°Ç®Õ u®Áu®± r¢u®±Nµ²ºmu¯Ûu®Šµ B ïw®‡®±î®¼ ï±s¯ãq®æîµxš®±q®Ùuµ. Hªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ ‡®¾¯î®

O䇵±‡®±š¬ Š®²y®u®ªå CŠ®±î® š¯u®w®u® š®º…ºu® Aî®w® Bq®âý®±v܇µ±° îµ²u®OE¯u® S®±‹‡µ²l®wµ

š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T CŠ®uµ Cu®Ûе oe¯S®² u®³™Ô‡®±ªå Ch±ÔNµ²¡®ëuµ Cu®Ûе Aªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ ïw®‡®¾¯q®âN®

O䇵±S®¡®± y®©Ÿ°w®î¯S®±q®Ùîµ;Kîµ²âîµ±â Aw¬s¯ÊÁ‹‡®±² BS®±q®Ùîµ. q®q®æ î®±q®±Ù Aq®q®æS®¡®

š®º…ºu®u®ªå r¡®±î®¢Nµ‡®±± C©åvŠ®±ïNµ‡µ±° Ab¯Ów®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. D Ju®± uµ²°Ç®S®¢ºu®

î®±w®±Ç®ãw® ¯w®›N® î¯ãy¯Š®, ¯q®±-N®qµ oe¯S®² BX¯Š®- ïX¯Š®S®¡®ªå K¡µë‡®±q®w®; ‡®±s¯s®Áqµ

î®±q®±Ù š®æ-y®Š® Ÿq®S®¡®± š¯vÚ®±î®¼v©å­ . D N¯Š®ovºu® Aî®w®± ï±s¯ãr懵±xš®±q¯Ùwµ. Cu®NµÊ

ïy®‹°q®î¯T îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® Bq®â ý®äu¯Ûw®²äy®š®î®±N®ð Eu®‡®±î¯S®±î®¼u®‹ºu®­ î®±w®±Ç®ãw¬

X¯‹q®äu®ªå ‡®¾¯î® š®u¬ „¯î®wµ‡®±± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²° Au®Š® w¯©±Ê ©£®oS®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ:-

y®äý®î®±,š®ºîµ°S®,Aw®±N®ºy¯ î®±q®±Ù B›ÙN®ã. š®î®±âÉãOÙ‡®± Yq®ÙrÙ‡®±± НS®uµæ°Ç¯q®âN® „¯î®wµS®¢ºu®

ïýµ°Ç® ïX®ªq®î¯S®±î®¼v©å; î®±q®±Ù Aî®w® y®ärÙ‡®±ªå ý¯ºq®„¯î®î®¼ N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. ý¯‹°Š®N®

î®±q®±Ù ¯w®›°N¬ BN®±©qµS®¡®w®±Ý Eq®Þw®Ý ¯l®±î®ºs® š¯ºš¯‹N® y®ärÙS®¡®w®±Ý š®î®±âÉãOÙ‡®±±

BŸq®N®Š®îµºu®± r¢u®±, AS®¡®ªå N®Ù î®±q®±Ù …ºu®- î®±±N®Ùw¯TŠ®±î®­ CXµÐ‡®±±¡®ëî®xŠ®±q¯Ùwµ.

Cuµ° š®î®±âÉãOÙ‡®± š®ºîµ°S® S®±oî¯Tuµ.Aî®w®± d°î®î®¾¯q®äu®ªå Bq®âq®q®æu® š®qµÙ‡®±w®±Ý N¯o±î®w®±.

A©åuµ° AS®¡® u®±:Qvºu® u®±:R‡®±² š®±Qvºu® š®±R‡®±² BS®±î®w®±. AS®¡® u®±:Qî®w®±Ý

xš®±î®¼u®Š®ªå y®ä‡®±q®Ýþ°©w¯TŠ®±q¯Ùwµ. Cu®± š®î®±âÉãN®ð‡®± Aw®±N®ºy¯ S®±oî¯Tuµ.

š®î®±âÉãN®ðu®­ Aºrî®±î¬ ©£®o B›ÙN®ãî¯Tuµ. Cî®oe®î®w®±Ý¢u®Š®² N®²l® Bq®âw® ý¯ý®æq® S®±ou®ªå

ïý¯æš®ïl®±ïNµ î®±q®±Ù y®Š®î®¾¯q®âq®æu® N®lµSµ š¯S®±î®¼u®Š®ªå w®º†Sµ, K¡µë‡®± uµ°î® ý¯š®ô î®±q®±Ù

xcî¯u® S®±Š®±ïw®ªå ý®äuµÜ,C B›ÙN®ãu® ©£®oS®¡¯Tîµ. D y®äN¯­Š® ï±s¯ãq®æî®w®±Ý¢u®±

š®î®±âÉãN®ðî®w®±Ý ›æ°N®‹š®±î®¼u®Š® As®Á Au¯ï±ÁN®qµ‡®±ªå …Š®±î®¼uµºvuµ. Cu®wµÝ A𮄮ãqµ‡®±

 

£µ°q®ävºu® oeµ²Š®†u®±Û 𮄮ãq¯­ î®±q®±Ù š¯î®¾¯dN®qµ‡®± £µ°q®äu®ªå y®äîµ°þš®±î®¼uµw®ÝOE¯S®±î®¼u®±.

š®î®±âÉãS®Ûý®Áw®u® y¯äzÙ‰±ºu®­ d°î®w®u® y®‹Ç¯ÊŠ® î®±q®±Ù Au®Š®ªå N¯äºr CS®¡®î¬

vS®Ûý®Áw®î®w®±Ý î®±w®±š®âȳr‡®±ªå‡®±² (6;74)Eq®Ùî®± ‹°r‰±ºu® ¯l®OE¯Tuµ:-

š®î®±âÉãS®Ûý®Áw®š®ºy®w®Ý: N®î®±Á†Ãw®ÝÁx…u®ãqµ |

u®ý®Áwµ°w® w®š®±Ù š®ºš¯Š®º y®äry®u®ãqµ |

š®î®±ãb¯Ów®:-

îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® y®äN¯Š® š®î®±ãN®ðvºu® ý®±u®Ü u®³™Ô‡®±w®±Ý š®ºy¯v› Nµ²ºl® îµ±°OEµ îµ²°£®

¯S®Áu®ªå î®±±w®Ýlµ‡®±©± b¯Ówµ²°y¯š®wµ‡®±± HŠ®l®wµ‡®± š¯u®w®î¯Tuµ. š®î®±ãS®Ûý®Áw®vºu®

‡®¾¯î® d°î¯v q®q®æS®¡®ªå ý®äuµÛ‡®±± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯TŠ®±î®¼lµ²° AS®¡® ïvÃî®q¬ ‡®±s¯s®Á

r¡®±î®¢Nµ‡®±w®±Ý y¯äy®Ù¯mNµ²¡®±ëuµ° b¯Ów®î¯Tuµ. u®ý®Áw®u® £µ°q®ä Aºq®Š®ºS®î®¼; b¯Ów®u®

£µ°q®ä …ŸŠ®ºS®î®¼; Cu®± u®ý®Áw® î®±q®±Ù b¯Ów®S®¡®ªå‡®± „µ°u®u® 𮲣®È⊵°Pµ‡®¾¯Tuµ. u®ý®Áw®î®¼

Bq®âu® š®qµÙ‡®± A‹î®w®±Ýºh±î®¾¯mNµ²l®±q®Ùuµ. b¯Ów®î®¼ „¯oe®ãy®u¯s®ÁS®¡®

„µ²°uµ‡®±w®±Ýºh±î®¾¯l®±q®Ùuµ. HŠ®l®Š®ªå‡®±² y®Š®š®ÞŠ® š®º…ºu® N¯Š®o î®±q®±Ù N¯‡®±ÁvÛuµ.

Hªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ Bq¯âî®u¯w®î®¼ BS®±î®¼v©åîµ½°, Aªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ „¯oe®ã y®u¯s®ÁS®¡®±

Cºv䇮±S®¢ºu®­ š®xÝN®Ç®Á BTu®ÛŠ®² š®oe® „µ²°u® BS®±î®¼v©å. Ÿ°S¯T u®ý®Áw®u® ‡®¾¯î®

š¯î®¾¯w®ãS®äoe®o Š®²y® y®‹„¯ǵ‡®±w®±Ý, ¯l®OE¯Tuµ‡µ²° Au®Š® q¯q®Þ‡®±Á Ÿ°Tuµ: Bq®â

Xµ¶q®w®ã ‡®¾¯î® AµÚ‡®±w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±î®¼u®‹ºu® î®±w®›éw® î®±±P¯ºq®Š® ®±ÙS®¡® b¯Ów®Š®²y®

S®äoe®o š®º„Â®ïš®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²° Au®NµÊ š¯î®¾¯w®ãS®äoe®oîµw®ÝOE¯S®±î®¼u®±. D Xµ¶q®w®ã î®±q®±Ù

Aî®u¯w®S®¡¹ y®Š®-y®u¯s®Á-S®äoe®oN¯ÊT ‡®¾¯î® ïýµ°Ç® Cºvä°‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý ¯w®›N® oe¯S®²

Bu¯ãrâN® rÙS®¡®w®±Ý b¯S®³q®Sµ²¢š®±q®Ùµ²°, Au®N®Êw®±š®‹› Cu®Š®ªå w¯©±Ê

„µ°u®S®¡¯S®±q®Ùîµ.A X®£®±u®ý®Áw®, AX®£®±u®ý®Áw®, Aî®vÃu®ý®Áw® î®±q®±Ù Nµ°î®© u®ý®Áw® Hºvîµ.

X®£®± Cºv䇮±î®¼ y®Š® y®u¯s®Áî®w®±Ý 𝣝q¬ š®Þý®Á ¯l®uµ xvÁǮԚ¬ u®²Š®u¯ îµ±°ªºu®

y®u¯s®Áî®w®±Ý S®äŸš®±q®Ùuµ. D Cºv䇮± S®äoe®oî®w®±Ý b¯S®³q®Sµ²¢š®±î®ºs®u®± X®£®±u®ý®Áw® Š®²y®

 

rÙ‡®±±. Au®w®±Ý¢u®± AX®£®±u®ý®Áw®vºu® Eu¬ …±u®Üî¯S®±î®ºs®, Cºv䇮±­ rÙS®¢ºu®

†Ãw®Ýî¯u®ºs® ýµ²ä°q®ä, U¯äo, doe¯æ î®±q®±Ù š®Þý®Á Cºv䇮±S®¢ºu®­ A©

š®xÝN®Ç®Áî¯S®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Eºg¯S®±î® y®u¯s®Áb¯Ów®î®¼ AX®£®±u®ý®Áw®î®¼. Cw®±Ý Cºv䇮±S®¢Sµ

ASµ²°X®Š®î®½, 𮲣®Èâ, rе²°Ÿq® As®î¯­ u®²Š®š®Ú y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® „µ²°u®î®w®±Ýºh±

¯l®±î®ºs® Aî®và b¯Ów®u® Eu¯àî®N® Bq®â Xµ¶q®w®ãu® oeµš®Š®± Aî®vÃu®ý®Áw® Hºvuµ. Cw®±Ý ‡®¾¯î®

Bq¯âî®u¯w®vºu® š®î®±š®Ù bµÓ°‡®±î®w®±Ý S®äoe®o ¯l®±î® ý®OÙ‡®±± b¯S®³q®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, B

š¯æî®u¯w®u® oeµš®Š®± Nµ°î®©u®ý®Áw® Hºu®± Cuµ.

î®±r b¯Ów¬:-

D y®äN¯Š® Bq¯âî®u¯w® Š®²y® u®ý®Áw®Û xï±q®Ùvºu® Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î®ºs® b¯Ów®u®ªå î®±r,

ý®±äq®,. Aî®vÃ, î®±w¬:y®‡®±Á‡®± î®±q®±Ù Nµ°î®© Hºu®± Ju®± „µ°u®S®¢îµ. bµÓ°‡®± y®u¯s®Á î®±q®±Ù

Cºvä°‡®±-ïýµ°Ç®u® š®xÝN®Ç®Á BS®±î®¼u®‹ºu® î®±w®u® wµŠ®ïxºu® ‡®¾¯î® ®±Ù „µ²°u®

Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²° Al®± î®±rb¯Ów®î¯Tuµ. y®u¯s®Á î®±q®±Ù Cºv䇮±S®¡® š®xÝN®Ç®Áî¯u¯

îµ±°OEµ î®±w®›éw® š®Xµ°q® AµÚ‡®±ªå ‡®¾¯î®¼u®± îµ²hÔîµ²u®© 'Ixuµ' Hw®±Ýs® „µ²°u®

BS®±î®¼lµ²° Au®NµÊ Aî®S®äoe® Hºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. B Aš®ÞÇ®Ô î®š®±Ù „µ²°u®N® š®º…ºu®u®ªå

ïýµ°Ç®î¯T r¢‡®±±î® CXµÐ‡®±± Doe¯ Hxš®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š® y®©š®æŠ®²y®î¯T ®±Ùïw® ‡®¾¯î®

ïýµ°Ç® „µ²°u®î¯S®±î®¼uµ²° Au®± A®±î®¼;î®±q®±Ù Au®w®±Ý N¯OE¯ºq®Š®vºu® š®â‹š®±î® Š®²y®

š®ºš¯ÊŠ®u® oeµš®Š®± uÂ¯Š®n¯ Hºvuµ. D y®äN¯Š® î®±rb¯Ów®u® D w¯©±Ê „µ°u®S®¢îµ. bµÓ°‡®±

y®u¯s®Á š®ºPµã‡®±ªå Kºu®² CŠ®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãïuµ. Au®Š®ºqµ Kºuµ° y®äN¯Š®u®­ Awµ°N® CŠ®±î®

š®º„Â®î®î®½ Cuµ. y®äN¯Š®u® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® …oe®± …oe®¡® As¯Áq¬ ïïu® y®äN¯Š®u®

KºuµºvŠ®…oe®±u®±; C©åîµ …oe®±ïu®; As¯Áq¬ Awµ°N® y®äN¯Š®u®­ Awµ°N®ïŠ®…oe®±u®±. AS®¡®

BvS®äoe®o þ°U®ä Bv°q®², C©åîµ q®l®î¯T‡®±² Bv°q®², ®±Ùïw® š®î¯ÁºS®-S®äoe®o

BS®±î®¼u®± ý®N®ãïuµ; C©åîµ Ÿ°w¯vÃN® Au®±äî® Š®²y®î®½ BS®±î® š¯u®ãqµ‰±uµ. D y®äN¯Š® S®³Ÿ°q®­

y®u¯s®Áu® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® Aî¯S¯äoe¯v w¯©±Ê „µ°u®S®¡®ªå 12-12 „µ°u®î¯S®±î®¼u®‹ºu®

 

î®±rb¯Ów®NµÊ 48 „µ°u®S®¡¯S®±q®Ùîµ. S®äoe®o ¯l®±î®ºs® Ju®± Cºv䇮±S®¡®± î®±q®±Ù Kºu®± î®±w®

,D BЮЮ Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® îµ±°ªw® 48 „µ°u® BŠ®±y®h±Ô BT 288 (48*6)BT †l®±q®Ùîµ. D

„µ°u®S®¡®± bµÓ°‡®± -y®u¯s®Á î®±q®±Ù S¯äoe®N® -Cºvä°‡®±S®¡® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® Cîµ. Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯î¯S®

y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® S®äoe®o Aî®ãN®Ù y®än¯ª‰±ºu® N®äî®±vºu® BS®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°,BS® Au®± ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š®

î®±pØw® oeµ²š® y¯qµä‡®±± c©N®oS®¢ºu® qµ²‡®±±Û, y®½oÁŠ®²y®vºu® N®äî®±vºu®­ q®±º†

oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²° oe¯Sµ CŠ®±q®Ùuµ. D y®ärO䇵±Sµ î®ãºcw¯î®S®äoe® Hºu®± oeµ°¡®±î®Š®±. Cu®Š®ªå D

î®±²Š®± „µ°u®S®¡®± BS®±î®¼v©å. oe¯Sµ°‡µ±° X®£®± î®±q®±Ù î®±w®S®¡® Ayµ°£µ‡®± š®º„Â®î®î®¼ C©å.

Aš®Û‹ºu¬ Nµ°î®© 1*12 *4=48 „µ°u®S®¡®± ¯q®ä BS®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®w®±Ý îµ²u®©± oeµ°¢u® 288

„µ°u®S®¡®ªå N®²m›u¯S®­ î®±rb¯Ów®u® 336 y®äN¯Š®S®¡¯S®±q®Ùu®± oeµ°¢uµ. D y®äN¯Š®l¬ bµ¶w®

›u¯Ûºq®u®ªå Cºv䇮±-cw®ã b¯Ów®u® „®± 𮲣®Èâ Yºq®w® î®±q®±Ù ïîµ°X®wµS®¡®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùîµ. D

ïÇ®‡®±î®w®±Ý y®½oÁî¯T r¢u®± Nµ²¡®±ëu®NµÊ y®u¯s®Á„µ°u®, Cºvä°‡®± î¯ãy®Š® î®±q®±Ù

î®±wµ²°ïb¯Ów®u® S®oe®w® Yºq®wµ‡®± Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‰±uµ.

ý®±äq® b¯Ów¬:-

î®±rb¯Ów®u® Bý®ä‡®±vºu® ‡®±±OÙ,q®N®Á ,Aw®±î®¾¯w® î®±q®±Ù ý®„¯Ûs®ÁS®¡® î®±±P¯ºq®­Š®

‡®¾¯î® y®Šµ²°£® y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® r¡®±î®¢Nµ‡®±± Eºg¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, Au®± ý®±äq®b¯Ów®î¯Tuµ. D

y®äN¯Š® oeµ²Sµ‡®±w®±Ý N®ºl®± AT݇®± A›Ùq®æ; Nµ¶‡®±w®±Ý N®ºl®± C©åîµ ý®…Ûî®w®±Ý Nµ°¢ î®±w®±Ç®ãw®

CŠ®±ïNµ; ‡®¾¯räN®Š® î®±±Qvºu® ‡®¾¯q¯î®oÁwµ‡®±w®±Ý Nµ°¢ ïuµ°ý®u® y®‹X®‡®±î®w®±Ý y®lµ‡®±±ïNµ;

ý¯š®ôî®w®±Ý Lv q®q®æ, D OEµ²°N®- y®Š®OEµ²°N® î®±q®±Ù Bq®â-y®Š®î®¾¯q®âŠ® ïÇ®‡®±S®¡® b¯Ów®;

Cå ý®±äq®b¯Ów®S®¡¯Tîµ. ý®±äq¯b¯Ów®u® D H©å y®äN¯Š®S®¡®ªå oeµX®±Ï H©åN®²Ê ïý¯©

,y®ä„¯î®ý¯ª î®±q®±Ù Ÿq®N¯‹‡®¾¯u®u®±Û ªRq® š¯Ÿq®ãî¯Tuµ. Au®Š®ªå w®î®±â y®½î®ÁcŠ® Yºq®w®

oe¯S®² Aw®±„®î®S®¡® î®oÁwµ‡®±² ïîµ°X®wµ‡®±² š®ºS®äŸ°q®î¯Tuµ. D N¯Š®ovºu® Cu®wµÝ°

ïýµ°Ç® Š®²y®vºu® ý®±äq® b¯Ów®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. bµ¶w®u®Áu® u®³™Ô‰±ºu¬ ‡®¾¯î®

ý®±äq®b¯Ów®NµÊ y®äu¯w®qµ‡®±w®±Ý Nµ²l®OE¯Tuµ‡µ²°, Au®Š®ªå Aºrî®± r°s®ÁºN®Š® „®S®î¯w¬

 

î®±oe¯ï°Š®w® u®Á°y®uµ°ý®S®¡®w®±Ý š®ºS®äŸš®OE¯Tuµ. D ý®±äq¬ š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå AºS®y®äïÇ®Ô î®±q®±Ù

AºS®-„¯oe®ã Hºu®± î®±±Qãî¯T HŠ®l®± „µ°u®S®¡®± Cîµ. AºS®y®äïÇ®Ôu®ªå BX¯Š®ºS¯v 12

ý®±äq¯ºS®S®¡®± š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ. C „®S®î¯w¬ î®±oe¯ï°Š®w® 𝣝q¬ þǮ㋺u®

Š®Y›u®ºs®î®¼S®¡¯Tîµ. AS®¡® ïÇ®‡®¾¯vS®¡® y®‹X®‡®±î®w®±Ý D îµ²u®ªw® š¯Ÿq®ã Hº…

î¯ãP¯ãw®u®ªå ¯mNµ²l®OE¯Tuµ. AºS®„¯oe®ãu®ªå u®ý®îµ¶N¯ªN®, Eq®ÙНu®㇮±w¯v Eq®ÙŠ®N¯ª°w®

BX¯‡®±ÁŠ®± Š®Y›u® S®äºs®S®¡®± š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î¯S®±q®Ùîµ. C ý®±äq¯ºS®S®¡® Bý®ä‡®±vºu®

N¯©N¯©NµÊ ïýµ°Ç® y®äN¯Š®u® ýµ²ä°q®äS®¡® Ÿq®u® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® ïïu® ïÇ®‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý N®±‹q®±,

y®ä‡µ²°cw®N®Êw®±š®‹› š®º£µ°y® î®±q®±Ù ي®î¯T Š®Yq®Sµ²ºmîµ. CS®¡® y®‹X®‡®±î®w®±Ý š®oe®

š¯Ÿq®ãQºl®u®ªå ¯mNµ²l®OE¯Tuµ. C®l®w®±Ý As¯Áq¬ î®±rb¯Ów® î®±q®±Ù ý®±äq®b¯Ów®S®¡®w®±Ý

y®Šµ²°£® Hºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ C Bq®âw® î®±²©N® 𝣝q¬ Š®²y®vºu® BS®uµ,

Cºv䇮±S®¡®± î®±q®±Ù î®±w®S®¡® ¯u®ãî®±vºu®OEµ° Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùîµ. Bu®Š®² q®Š®±î¯‡®±u® N¯©u®

bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±u® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®±ªå î®±r b¯Ów®î®w®±Ý Cºv䇮± y®äq®ã£®î¯S®±î®¼u®Š® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu®

š¯ºî®ãî®oe¯‹N® y®äq®ã£®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ.

Aî®vÃb¯Ów®:-

Bq®âw®ªå Kºu®± ïýµ°Ç® ý®OÙ‰±uµ‡µ±ºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. Au®‹ºu® Bq®âNµÊ Cºv䇮±S®¢Sµ

ASµ²°X®Š®î¯u®ºs® Ar𮲣®Èâ, rе²°Ÿq® î®±q®±Ù Cºv䇮± š®xÝN®Ç®ÁNµÊ K¡®S¯S®u® u®²Š®š®Ú

y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® b¯Ów®î®½ N®²l® BS®©± š¯u®ãïuµ. Cºs® b¯Ów®NµÊ Aî®và b¯Ów® Hºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ;

‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ Cu®± uµ°ý®u¯ î®±‡®¾¯Áuµ‡®±ªå‡µ±° BS®±rÙŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Aî®và b¯Ów®u®ªå „®î®-y®äq®ã‡®±

î®±q®±Ù S®±oy®äq®ã‡®± Hº… HŠ®l®± „µ°u®S®¢îµ. uµ°î® oe¯S®² w¯Š®O d°î®S®¡®ªå š®æ„Â¯î®q®: D

b¯Ów®u® A›Ùq®æî®¼ N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. Au®‹ºu® Au®± „®î®-y®äq®ã‡®±î®¼. î®±w®±Ç®ã î®±q®±Ù y®ý®±S®¡®ªå

Cu®± ïýµ°Ç®S®±o C©åîµ î®³vÛ‡®± y®ä„¯î®vºu®OEµ° N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. Au®‹ºu® Cu®NµÊ S®±o y®äq®ã‡®±

Aî®vÃb¯Ów®îµºu®± oeµ°¡®±î®Š®±, Cu®Š®ªå Aw®±S¯ï±° Aw®w®±S¯ï±°, î®u®Á¯w®; Ÿ°‡®±î®¾¯w®,

Aî®ãî®›Úq® î®±q®±Ù Aw®î®›Úq®îµºu®± BŠ®± „µ°u®S®¡®± Cîµ. Aw®±S¯ï±° Aî®vÃb¯Ów®±æ b¯Óq¯ Hªå

 

oeµ²°u®Š®² AªåSµ Au®± bµ²qµSµ oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ; Bu®Šµ Aw®w®±S¯ï± Aî®vÃb¯Ów®±æ š¯Úw®-ïýµ°Ç®vºu®

„µ°Šµ‡®¾¯uµ²l®wµ †h±Ô oeµ²°S®±q®Ùîµ. î®u®Á¯w® Aî®và b¯Ów®î®¼ Kîµ±â cx›u® îµ±°OEµ vw®vw®NµÊ

oeµX®±Ïq®Ù oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®NµÊ ïy®‹°q®î¯T Ÿ°‡®±î®¾¯w®î®¼ N®±ºu®±q®Ù oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. ‡®¾¯î¯S®©²

Kºuµ° Š®²y®u®ªå CŠ®±î® b¯Ów®±æ Aî®›Úq®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. AN®äî®±î¯T Kîµ±â b¯Ów®î®¼

Aî®ã›Úq®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. AN®äî®±î¯T Kîµ±â N®mîµ± Cwµ²Ý°îµ±â oeµX®±Ï BS®±î®ºs®u®±Û Aw®î®›Úq® Aî®vÃ

b¯Ów®±æ. ي®u® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® Aî®và b¯Ów®î®¼ uµ°ý¯î®vÃ, y®Š®î®¾¯î®và q®±Ù š®î¯Áî®và Hºu®±

î®±²Š®± y®äN¯Š®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®ªå bµÓ°‡®±-£µ°q®ä î®±q®±Ù y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® y®‡®¾¯‡®±ÁS®¡®

b¯Ów®u®ªå Eq®Ùе²°q®ÙŠ® oeµX®±Ï ي® oe¯S®² ïý®±vÛS®¡®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùîµ. uµ°ý¯î®vÇ®±± Kîµ±â

Eq®Þw®Ýî¯T †h²Ô š®oe® oeµ²°S®±q®Ùîµ. Cu®‹ºu® Au®± y®äry¯r° BTuµ. Bu®Šµ y®Š®î®¾¯î®và q®±Ù

š®î¯Áî®và Aî®và b¯Ów®S®¡®± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯u® îµ±°OEµ rŠ®±T Hºu®² †h±Ô oeµ²°S®±î®¼v©å. Au®±

î®±±ºuµ Nµ°î®© b¯Ów®u®ªå ©‡®±î¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

î®±w®:y®‡®±Á‡®± b¯Ów®:-

î®±w®:y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±b¯Ów®vºu® Cwµ²Ý…àŠ®± î®±w®›éw®ªå Yºr›u® y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® „µ²°u®î®¼

BS®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š®ªå G±c±î®±r î®±q®±Ù ïy®¼©î®±r Hº… HŠ®l®± „µ°u®S®¢îµ. G±c±î®±r‡®±

Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® ïy®¼©î®±r î®±w®:y®‡®¾¯Á‡®± b¯Ów®î®¼ oeµX®±Ï ïý®±u®Ûî¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. G±c±î®±r‡®±±

Kîµ±â Eq®Þw®Ýî¯T †h²Ô N®²l® oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Šµ ïy®¼©î®±r b¯Ów®î®¼ Ay®äry¯r‡®¾¯Tuµ;

As¯Áq¬ Kîµ±â Eq®Þw®Ýî¯u®Šµ Hºu®² qµ²©S®±î®ºs®u®©å.

Nµ°î®©b¯Ów®:-

Nµ°î®© b¯Ów®vºu® ïý®æî®¾¯q®äu® š®î®±š®Ù Š®²z-AŠ®²z° u®äî®ãS®¡®± î®±q®±Ù AS®¡®

räN¯©î®rÁ y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®± CåS®¡® b¯Ów®î®¼ ‡®±±S®y®q¬ BS®±q®Ùuµ. Aî®và u®OE¯u®

î®±²Š®² b¯Ów®S®¡®w®±Ý y®äq®ã£®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ A 𝣝q¬ Bq®âxºu® Cºv䇮±

î®±q®±Ù î®±w®S®¡® š®oe¯‡®±ï©åuµ Eºg¯S®±q®Ùîµ. î®±r oe¯S®² ý®±äq®b¯Ów®S®¡®w®±Ý¢u®± d°î®î®¼

Hºu®² CŠ®±î®¼v©å. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ d°î®î®¼ AS®¡® 𮲣®Èâq®î®± Aºý®S®¢ºu® oe® Yq®î¯u®ªå Au®±

 

d°î®q®ævºu®©² X®±ãq®î¯T oeµ²°S®…oe®±u®±; î®±q®±Ù cl® y®u¯s®Áu® Š®²y®î®w®±Ý uÂ¯Š®o¯m

†l®„¯oe®½l®²ê Bu®Šµ Cu®± BS®±î®¼u®± Aš®º„Â®î®ïuµ. oeµ°Sµºu®Šµ ‡®¾¯î® î®±²©u®äî®ã

u®äî¯ãºq®Š®u®ªå y®‹or‡®±w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±Û. î®±r î®±q®±Ù ý®±äq®b¯Ów®S®¡®l¬ Aw®±„®î®î®¼ H©å

î®±w®±Ç®ã‹S®² BS®±q®Ùuµ. Aî®và q®±Ù b¯Ów®u® Aw®±„Â®î® N®²l® Hªå‡®¾¯u®Š®² Nµ©îµ½ºu®±

Eu¯oe®Š®nµS®¡®w®±Ý N¯o…oe®±u®±; Nµ°¡®…oe®±u®±. Bu®Šµ A G±vÃÛ-ïýµ°Ç®u®

y®‹n¯î®±S®¡¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. Nµ°î®© b¯Ów®î®½ ‡µ²°T-S®î®±ãî¯Tuµ. bµ¶w® ¯w®ãqµS®w®±š®‹› D N¯©

î®±q®±Ù D £µ°q®äu®ªå ‡®¾¯‹S®² Cu®± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î®¼u®± Aš®º„Â®î®î¯Tuµ. î®±r, ý®±äq® î®±q®±Ù

Aî®vÃb¯Ów®S®¡®± ï±s¯ãq®æ AµÚ‡®±ªå‡®±² BS®©± š¯u®ãïuµ. BS® B b¯Ów®S®¢Sµ N®±î®±r, N®±ý®±är

î®±q®±Ù N®±Aî®và Hºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ B AµÚ‡®±ªå As®Á-„µ²°u® Xµw¯ÝT

Bu®Š®² B b¯Ów®î®½ u¯ï±ÁN® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® š®æ-y®Š®Ÿq®N¯‹‡®¾¯TŠ®±î®¼v©å; Au®‹ºu®

Ÿq®î¯S®±î®¼u®Oʺq® AŸq®î¯S®±î® š®º„Â®î®îµ° oeµX¯ÏTŠ®±q®Ùuµ. D y®äN¯Š® b¯Ów®u®ªå Kh±Ô Hºh±

„µ°u®S®¡®w®±Ý oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ.

b¯Ów®u® š¯u®w®:-

w¯ã‡®±u®ý®Áw®u®ªå y®äq®ã£®, Aw®±î®¾¯w®, Ey®î®¾¯w® î®±q®±Ù ý®…Û Hº… w¯©±Ê y®äN¯Š®u®

y®ä¯oS®¡®w®±Ý ›æ°N®‹›u¯Ûе. D „µ°u®S®¡®± Eq®ÙŠ® N¯ª°w® bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±u®ªå‡®±²

›æ°N®‹š®OE¯Tuµ. Bu®Šµ CS®¢ºu® îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® Ju®± y®äN¯Š®u® b¯Ów®S®¢Sµ ‡®¾¯î® ²°u®

C©åîµ îµ¶Ç®î®±ã Eºg¯S®±î®¼v©å. Cªå y®äq®ã£®u® q¯q®Þ‡®±Á Cºvä°‡®±- y®äq®ã£® Hºuµ° Cuµ.

îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® y®ä¯o„µ°u®S®¡®ªå y®Šµ²°£® Hºu®± oeµ°¢u®±u®w®±Ý bµ¶w® wµ¶‡®¾¯‰±N®Š®±

š¯ºî®ãî®oe¯‹N® y®äq®ã£® Hºu®± N®Šµvu¯Ûе. D y®äN¯Š® Au®± î®±rb¯Ów®u® „µ°u®îµºu®±

›u®Ûî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. E¢u® Aw®±î®¾¯w®,Ey®î®¾¯w® î®±q®±Ù ý®…Û y®ä¯oS®¡® š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î®¼

ý®±äq®b¯Ów®u®ªå BS®±q®Ùuµ.

y®ä¯o î®±q®±Ù w®‡µ±:-

 

y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® b¯Ów®u® Eq®ÞrÙ‡®±± y®ä¯o î®±q®±Ù w®‡®± Hº… HŠ®l®± y®äN¯Š®S®¢ºu®

BS®±q®Ùuµ.(y®ä¯ow®‡µ±¶Š®vÃS®î®±:q®.š®².1,6).DS® î®pÁ›u® Ju®± y®äN¯Š®u® b¯Ów®u® H©å

ï®nµ‡®±w®±Ý y®ä¯ou® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® ¯mu®±u¯Tuµ. D y®ä¯o„®²q® b¯Ów®S®¢ºu® u®äî®ãu®

Au®Š® š®î®±S®ä Š®²y®u®ªå „µ²°u® BS®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Šµ y®är‡µ²ºu®± y®u¯s®Á q®w®Ý IN¯q®âN®

š®qµÙ‡®±w®±Ý N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²ºl®² N®²l® Aw®ºq®S®±n¯q®âN® î®±q®±Ù Aw®ºq® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®¾¯q®âN®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. D

Aw®ºq® S®±o-y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®ªåºu® î®ãî¯oe®Š®u®ªå …oe®±q®Š® ‡®¾¯î®¼uµ° Kºu®± ïýµ°Ç®

S®±ou®Áu® EOEµå°Qu® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‡®±± Eºg¯S®±q®Ùuµ.‡®±î¯S® w¯î®¼ B uµ²l®Ö y®¼š®ÙN®î®w®±Ý

q®Nµ²Êºl®± „¯ Hºu®± oeµ°¡®±qµÙ°îµ‡µ²°, BS® w®î®±â N¯‡®±Á w®lµu®± oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. oe¯S®² w¯î®¼

Ayµ°¤›u® y®¼š®ÙN®u® w®î®±â Hu®±‹Sµ …Š®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Šµ Cu®Š® As®Á B y®¼š®ÙN®u®ªå uµ²l®Ö S¯q®äu®

oeµ²Š®q¯T Cw¯Ýî® S®±u®Á C©åu®±. Aºq®² b¯Ów®u® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® D HX®Ï‹Nµ‡®±w®±Ý

Ch±ÔNµ²¡®±ëî® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‡®±² Cuµ. w®î®±â ¯q®±N®qµS®¡¯l®±î®¼u®Š® î®±±P¯ºq®Š® w¯î®¼ Aw®ã‹Sµ

‡®¾¯î® b¯Ów®î®w®±Ý x°l®±qµÙ°îµ‡µ²° Au®‹ºu® HŠ®l®wµ‡®±î®Š® oe®³u®‡®±u®ªå ®±Ùïw® Awµ°N®

S®±n¯q®âN®qµ‡®± š¯Úw®u®ªå IN¯ºrN®u® î®±±uµä‡®±± †°¡®N®²l®u®±. Au®N¯ÊS®±‡µ±° IN¯ºq®î®w®±Ý

ï±°s¯ãq®æîµºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ. ›u¯Üºq®î®w®±Ý y®äry¯vš®±î®ªå Kºu®± ïýµ°Ç® ýµ¶ª‡®±w®±Ý

Ey®‡µ²°T›‡µ±° ïÇ®‡®±î®w®±Ý î®±ºmš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Au®‹ºu® N®Ùȳïw® Kºu®± S®±oî®w®±Ý

EOEµå°Rš®±î® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®½ y®äN®hSµ²ºmŠ®„µ°N®±. Al®Šµ²l®wµ‡µ±° B S®±o Aw®ã- S®±o-

š¯yµ°£®î¯Tuµ‡µ±º… A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®½ š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯TŠ®„µ°N®±. bµ¶w® u®ý®Áw®u® D ïX¯Š® î®±q®±Ù î®X®w®

ýµ¶ªS®¡®w®±Ý Awµ°N¯ºq® î®±q®±Ù š¯Ôu¯æu® Hºu®± oeµ°¡®±q¯Ùе. oeµ°¡®±î®î®w® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±N®Êw®±š®‹›

Kºu®± ®±Ùî®wµÝ° Cuµ‡µ±ºu®² C©åu®² š®oe® oeµ°¡®…oe®±u®±. HŠ®l®² A†Ãy¯ä‡®±S®¡®

š®ï±â©w®vºu®­ oe¹u®±-A©å Hº…s®Áu® ï±ý®äq® î®X®w®„®ºS®î®½ Kºu®± Š®²y®¼Sµ²¡®±ëu®±

š¯u®ãïuµ. Cuµ° N¯Š®ovºu® Au®w®±Ý Aî®N®Ùî®ã Hºu®² oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Aî®w®± y®äš®±Ùq®

®±Ùš®æŠ®²y® Cu®²Û N®²l® rŠ®±T Aî®N®Ùî®ã Cuµ Hº…±u®w®±Ý oeµ°¡®©² š¯u®ãï©å. A©åuµ D

®±Ù C©åu®Š®² rŠ®±T Au®± Aî®ãN®Ùî®ãïuµ. Cu®ÛŠ®² N®²l® Au®± Aî®N®Ùî®ãïuµ. A©åîµ

Cu®ÛŠ®² CŠ®vu®ÛŠ®² š®oe® Aî®N®Ùî®ãïuµ. Cîµ° I¡®± š®º„Â¯î®w¯q®âN® ïX¯Š®S®¢Sµ Aw®±š®‹› I¡®±

 

y®ä¯o„®ºTS®¡®w®±Ý î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. CïS®¡®wµÝ° š¯ãu¬ A›Ù, š¯ãu¬ w¯›Ù, š¯ãu¬ A›Ù-w¯›Ù,

š¯ãu¬ Aî®N®Ùî®ã¬, š¯ãu¬ A›Ù-Aî®N®Ùî®ã¬, š¯ãu¬-w¯›Ù-Aî®N®Ùî®ã¬ î®±q®±Ù š¯ãu¬ A›Ù-

w¯›Ù Aî®N®Ùî®ã¬ Hºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. …oe®±q®Š® Kºu®± Eu¯oe®Š®nµ‰±ºu® D š¯ãu¯æu®

ýµ¶ª‡®± š¯s®ÁN®qµ‡®±± oeµX®±Ï š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. q¯î®¼ b¯ÓxS®¡¯TŠ®±ïН ? Hºu®± ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®²

Nµ°¢u®Šµwµ²Ý°o­. Cu®Š® Eq®ÙŠ®u®ªå D „¯î®vºu®, w¯w®± š®æ©Þ C©å š®æ©Þ Aî®ý®ã Iw¯u®Š®²

r¢u®± Nµ²ºmuµÛ°wµ. w¯w®± oeµ°¡®©± š¯u®ãïuµ. " w¯w®± š¯ãu¬ b¯Óx‡®¾¯TuµÛ°wµ Ÿ°S®² oeµ°¡®©±

š¯u®ãïuµ : q®w®Ý b¯Ów®Oʺq® Ab¯Ów®u® y®ä¯oîµ° oeµX®±Ï Hºu®± oeµ°¡®±î® N®lµSµ S®î®±w®ïu®Ûªå "

w¯w®± š¯ãu¬ Ab¯Óx‡®¾¯TuµÛ°wµ. " Hǵ²Ô° š®ºS®rS®¡® b¯Ów®ïuµ, î®±q®±Ù oe®©î®¼ š®ºS®rS®¡®

b¯Ów®î®¼ C©å. BS® w¯w®± oeµ°¡®…oe®±u®±: "w¯w®± b¯Óx‡®±² oe¹u®±, î®±q®±Ù A©å š®oe®."

Ÿ°Sµºu®Š®± Aw®±Yq®î¯S®OE¯Š®u®±. D væïu® N¯Š®oN¯ÊT w¯w®± Cǵ԰ oeµ°¡®…oe®±u®±: "w¯w®±

b¯Óx‡µ²° A©åîµ½° Hº…±u®w®±Ý w¯w®± oeµ°¡®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãï©å." oeµ°Sµºu¯S®©² w®w®Ý î®X®w®î®¼

Aš®q®ãî¯S®OE¯Š®u®±. Cuµ° BuÂ¯Š®u® îµ±°OEµ w¯w®± š®q®ãuµ²l®wµ Cu®w®±Ý N®²l® oeµ°¡®©± š¯u®ãïuµ : "

w®w®Sµ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± b¯Ów®ïuµ‡®¾¯u®Š®² x°î®½ w®xݺu® ‡®¾¯î®¼u®w®±Ý r¢‡®±ªNµÊ Ayµ°¤š®±ïе²°

Au®Š® îµ±°OEµ „µ¡®N®w®±Ý †°Š®©± w®w®Sµ š¯u®ãïuµ‡µ²° C©åîµ½° Hº…±u®w®±Ý w®w®Sµ oeµ°¡®©±

ý®N®ãï©å." D ¯q®w®±Ý HŠ®l®wµ‡®± y®äN¯Š®vºu®©± oeµ°¡®ªNµÊ š¯u®ãïuµ. "w¯w®± b¯Óx‡®±ºq®± A©å.

Bu®Š®² q®î®±â š®ºS®r‡®± îµ±°OEµ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± „µ¡®N®w®±Ý †°Š®…OEµå ;" As®î¯ D y®äN¯Š®î®½

oeµ°¡®…oe®±u¯Tuµ. " w®w®Sµ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± b¯Ów®ïuµ‡®¾¯u®Š®² Nµ©îµ½ºu®± ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå C©å Au®‹ºu®

y®äN®³q® ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå w®w®Sµ b¯Ów®ïuµ‡µ²° As®î¯ C©åîµ½° Hº…±u®w®±Ý w¯w®± oeµ°¡®±î®¼u®±

š¯u®ãï©å." D š®î®±š®Ù î®X®w® y®än¯ªS®¡®± q®î®±â q®î®±â š¯s®9N®qµ‡®±w®±Ý N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²¡®±ëq®Ùîµ. A©åuµ

y®³s®N¬ y®äs®N®î¯T ®±Ù›Úr‡®± Kºu®± Aºý®î®w®²Ý y®äN®iš®±q®Ùîµ ; Aºu®Šµ Au®Š® y®½o9

š®æŠ®²y®î®w®Ý©å. Au®N¯ÊT bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±î®¼ D š®ºS®r‡®± N®lµSµ u®³™Ô‡®±w®±Ý CiÔuµ ; îµ±°OEµ

š®²Y›u®î®¼S®¡®ªå „µ°N¯u®±u®w®±Ý q®w®Ý A†Ãy¯ä‡®±N®Êw®±š®‹› ¯q®±S¯Š®w®± q®w®Ý CXµÐS®w®±š®‹›

¯q®w®±Ý …¡®š®…©åw®±. Bu®Šµ Au®Š® bµ²qµSµ š¯ãq¬ y®u®î®w®±Ý Aî®ý®ã bµ²°mš®ªNµÊ „µ°N®±.

Cu®‹ºu® ®±Ù›Úr‡®±ªå Aw®ã š®º„Â¯î®ãS®¡®² Cµ±º…±u®± š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. KiÔw®ªå Aî®w®

 

¯q®w®±Ý š¯yµ°£®Š®²y®vºu®OEµ° w¯î®¼ r¢u®±Nµ²¡®±ëqµÙ°îµ. D y®äN¯Š® D š¯ãu¯æu® y®än¯ª‡®±±

‡®¾¯î® Avær°‡®± ®±Ù A©å. ‡®¾¯N®ºu®Šµ î®ãî®oe¯Š®u®ªå w¯î®¼ š¯ãq¬ ý®…Ûî®w®±Ý

y®ä‡µ²°Tš®uµ‡®±² š®oe® Nµ©îµ½ºu®± D š¯yµ°£®„¯î®S®¡®w®±Ý S®î®±xš®±q®ÙOEµ° C‹qµÙ°îµ. Bu®Šµ

ý¯š®ôs®9u®ªå Kîµ²âîµ±â D ¯q®w®±Ý S®î®±xš®uµ š¯yµ°£®qµ‡®± N®lµSµ u¯ãw® Nµ²l®uµ oeµ²°u¯S®

…oe®± uµ²l®Ö uµ²l®Ö ²°u®S®¡®² î®±q®„µ°u®S®¡®² Ey®›Úq®î¯S®±q®Ùîµ. Cu®Š®ªå

š¯î®±ºcš®ãî¯S®±î®¼u®± N®koî¯T†l®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w® š¯ãu¯æu® y®än¯ª‰±ºu® Cºs® ²°u® oe¯S®²

î®±q®„µ°u®S®¢Sµ Aî®N¯ý® Nµ²l®vŠ®±î®¼u®NµÊ y®ä‡®±q®Ý¯l®OE¯Tuµ. Hªå ²°u®

N®ºl®±…Š®±î®¼uµ²° Aªå D š¯ãq¬ y®u®î®w®±Ý y®ä‡µ²°T› Au®w®±Ý 𮱩„®Sµ²¢š®ªN®²Ê š¯î®±ºcš®ã

î®w®±Ý Š®²zš®ªN®²Ê ïX¯Š®u® 𮛇µ²ºu®w®±Ý wµmš®OE¯Tuµ. î¯ãN®Š®n¯q®âN® Eq®ÞrÙS®w®±š®‹› š¯ãq¬

Aš¬ u¯q®±ïw® ïvêºS® Aw®ãy®¼Š®±Ç® IN®î®X®w®u® Š®²y®î¯Tuµ. Au®Š® As®Á "Ÿ°S¯S®¢"

"Cu®² Kºu®± š®º„Â®î®ïuµ." Hºu¯S®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±u®ªå D y®u®î®w®±Ý š¯yµ°£®ïu¯w® î¯X®N®

Aî®ã‡®±î®w®±Ý ›u®ÜSµ²¢›, q®w®Ý Awµ°N¯ºq® ïX¯Š® ýµ¶ª‡®±w®±Ý y®äN®hSµ²¢š®±î® š¯u®w®î®w¯ÝT

Š®²z›Nµ²ºmuµ. Cu®w®±Ý Axý®Ï‡®± „µ²°u®N®îµºu®± r¢‡®±±î®¼u®± ‡®¾¯î¯S®©² ‡®±±OÙ ‡®±±N®Ùu®±

Hxš®u®±.

w®‡®±:-

y®u¯s®ÁS®¡® Aw®ºq® S®±o î®±q®±Ù y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®ªå q®î®±â y®ä‡µ²°cw®N®Êw®±š®‹›,

‡®¾¯î®¼u¯u®Šµ²ºu®± S®±o-u®Áu® š®º…ºu®u®ªå oeµ°¡®±î® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±NµÊ w®‡®±îµºu®± oeµš®‹uµ.

w®‡®±S®¡® î®±±P¯ºq®Š®îµ° ®±Ùïw® w¯w¯ S®±oS®¡® ïîµ°X®wµ‡®±± š¯u®ãïuµ. ¯rw®ªå‡®±² š®oe®

Kºu®± N¯©u®ªå ‡®¾¯î®¼u¯u®Š®² Kºuµ° S®±o u®Áî®w®±Ý EOEµå°Rš®±î® š®º„Â®î®ïuµ. Cu®Š®

‡®±sµ²°Yq® y®äš®ºS®î®¼ w®‡®± ïX¯Š®u® î®±±P¯ºq®Š®îµ° š®º„Â®î® š¯u®ãïuµ. Cu®‹ºu® HÇ®±Ô

y®äN¯Š®u® ¯q®± š¯u®ãîµ½°, AÇ®±Ô y®äN¯Š®u® w®‡®±S®¡®± BS®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãïuµ, Hº…±u®±

š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š®² î®TÁ°N®Š®ou® Aw®±N®²©qµS¯T w®‡®±S®¡® š®ºPµã‡®±± I¡µºu®±

 

›ÚŠ®Sµ²¢š®OE¯Tuµ. A wµ¶S®î®±, š®ºS®äoe®, î®ãî®oe¯Š®, G±c±š®²q®ä, ý®…Û, š®î®±†ÃŠ®²l® î®±q®±Ù

I„®²q® Hºvîµ. wµ¶S®î®±u® As®Á Ÿ°Tuµ-w® IN®» S®î®±» As¯Áq¬ Kºuµ° ¯ruµ.

‡®¾¯î¯S® š¯î®¾¯w®ãî¯T ‡®¾¯î®¼uµ° ®±Ùïw® „®²q®, „®ïÇ®ãq¬, î®q®Á¯w® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý

oeµ²ºv› N®²m› š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±î®¼uµ²° BS® oeµ°¡®±î®î®w® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®¼ wµ¶S®î®±

w®‡®¾¯q®âN®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ. K…à î®ãOÙ‡®±± ' E‹‡®±w®±Ý ¯mvÛ°‡®¾¯? ' Hºu®± Nµ°¢u¯S® Au®NµÊ Eq®ÙŠ®

u®± ' w¯w®± е²iÔ‡®±w®±Ý ¯l®±rÙuµÛ°wµ .' Hw®±Ýî®w®±. Cî®w®± ¯q®ä wµ¶S®î®±w®‡®±N®Êw®±š®‹›

𮋇µ±ºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯S®±î®¼u®±. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ Nµ°¡®±î®î®w® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®¼ „µºO‡®±w®±Ý E‹š®±î®¼u®w®±Ý

y®äq®ã£® N®ºl®Š®² oe¯Sµ Nµ°¡®±î®¼u®Š® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®¼ oe¯Sµ‡µ±° Cq®±Ù : " AT݇®±w®±Ý ‡®¾¯q®N¯ÊT

E‹š®±rÙŠ®±ï ?" Cªå w¯î®¼ wµ¶S®î®± w®‡®±u® Bý®ä‡®±vºu® y®äýµÝ‡®±w®±Ý Nµ°¡®±î®î®w® oe¯S®² Au®NµÊ

Eq®Ù‹›î®î®w® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý r¢‡®±uµ oeµ²°u®Šµ y®äýµÝ î®±q®±Ù Eq®ÙŠ®S®¡®ªå š®±š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý

N¯ouµ oeµ²°S®±qµ°îµ. Cuµ° y®äN¯Š® , ‡®¾¯î¯S® Xµ¶q®ä ý®±N®å q®‡µ²°u®þ‡®±w®±Ý „®S®î¯w® î®±oe¯ïŠ®

r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š® cw®â vw®îµºu®± î®±xÝKš®±qµ°îµ‡µ²°, BS® š¯ïНЮ± î®Ç®9S®¡® y®½î®Áu®

„®²q®N¯©u® U®hwµ‡®±w®±Ý D N¯©u® Cºvw® v®NµÊ oeµ²ºvš®±î®¼u®± wµ¶S®î®±w®‡®±vºu®OEµ°

š¯u®ãïuµ. š®ºS®äoe®w®‡®±vºu® w¯î®¼ Eq®Ùе²°q®ÙŠ® ®±ÙS®¡®w®±Ý ïý¯© u®³™Ô‰±ºu® r¢u®±Nµ²¡®ëªNµÊ

y®ä‡®±rÝš®±qµÙ°îµ. Cªå‡®± H©å y®äîµ°ý®î¯›S®¡®±, H©å b¯r‡®±î®Š®±, H©å y®ºs®u®î®Š®±, w®©î®q®±Ù

Nµ²°i î®±w®±Ç®ãŠ®± „Â¯Š®q®î¯›S®¡¯TŠ®±î® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® Kºuµ° BTu¯Ûе. As®î¯ „Â¯Š®q®î¯›S®¡®±,

Y°wµ²°‡®±Š®± Iþ‡®¾¯ xS®¡¯TŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Kºuµ° Hxš®±q¯Ùе. As®î¯ H©å uµ°ý®S®¡®

š®î®±š®Ù ïý®æî¯› cw®Šµ©å Kºuµ° ¯w®î® b¯r‡®±î®Š¯Tu¯Ûе. Cå ¯q®±S®¡®²

š®ºS®äoe®w®‡®±u® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® š®q®ãî¯Tîµ. Cu®NµÊ ïy®‹°q®î¯T î®±oe¯væ°y®S®¡® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu®

Iþ‡®¾¯xS®¡®±, ‡®±±Šµ²°y®î¯›S®¡®±, Aîµ±°‹N® S®¡®± îµ²u®OE¯u® „µ°u®S®¡®ªå

dš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. CS®¡®w®±Ý y®¼w®» K¡® y®äuµ°ý®, y¯äºr°‡®±, Нcwµ¶rN®, u¯ï±ÁN®, b¯r°‡®±

îµ²u®OE¯u® Eq®Ùе²°q®ÙŠ® A©Þ, A©Þq®Š® î®S®ÁS®¡®ªå Tš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. BS® w®î®±â A†Ãy¯ä‡®±î®¼

î®ãî®oe¯Š®w®‡®¾¯q®âN® Hxš®±q®Ùuµ. D y®äN¯Š® š®ºS®äoe® î®±q®±Ù î®ãî®oe¯Š® w®‡®±S®¡®± y®Š®š®ÞŠ®

š¯yµ°£®î¯Tîµ. ي® î®±q®±Ù š®ºNµ²°X¯q®âN® u®³™ÔS®¡®w®±Ý y®äN®hSµ²¢š®±î®ºs®ïîµ. HŠ®l®²

 

š®q®ãî¯Tîµ. HŠ®l®² q®î®±â-q®î®±â š¯s®ÁN®qµ‡®±w®±Ý N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²ºmŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®ªå y®Š®š®ÞŠ®

²°u®ï©å. CS®¡®ªå Kºu®± Cwµ²Ýºu®NµÊ y®‹y®½Š®N®ïuµ. w¯î®¼ A„µ°u® u®³™Ô‰±ºu®

š®ºS®äoe®w®‡®±î®w®±Ý „µ°u® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® î®ãî®oe¯Š®w®‡®±î®w®²Ý Bý®ä‰±š®±qµÙ°îµ. D wµ¶S®î®¾¯v

î®±²Š®²w®‡®±S®¡®± u®äî¯ãtÁN®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. ‡®¾¯N®ºu®Šµ CS®¡®ªå y®äry¯u®ã ®±Ùïw®

u®äî¯ãrâN®qµ‡®±w®±Ý S®äŸ› ïX¯Š® ¯l®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. BS® Au®Š® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®± S®±oî¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ.

G±c±š®²q¯äv î®±±ºvw® w¯©±Ê w®‡®±S®¡®± y®‡®¾¯Á‡®¾¯tÁN®îµºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ

CS®¡®ªå y®u¯s®Á S®¡® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®± ïýµ°Ç®î®wµÝ° ïX¯Š®u®ªå Ch±ÔNµ²©åOE¯Tuµ.

" x°w®± IxŠ®±ï ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®² w®w®Ýw®±Ý Nµ°

¢u®Šµ " w¯w®± î¯ãP¯ãw®N¯Š®w¯TuµÛ°wµ ." Hºu®± Eq®Ù‹š®±qµÙ°wµ. D Eq®ÙŠ®î®¼ G±c± š®²q®ä

w®‡®±vºu® š®q®ãu®± qµ²°‹°q®± ; ‡®¾¯Nµºu®± w¯w®± D Eq®ÙŠ®vºu® w®w®Ý Kºu®± y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±

As®î¯ A¯Ú-ïýµ°Ç®î®w®±Ý y®äN®h ¯l®±rÙŠ®±qµÙ°wµ. Cu®± Kºu®± N¯©-î®±‡®¾¯ÁuµSµºu®± ¯q®ä

xþÏq®Sµ²ºmŠ®±q®Ùuµ. D y®äN¯Š® î®q®Á¯w® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±î®w®±Ý ¯q®ä ïÇ®‡®± ¯mNµ²¡®±ës®

w®‡®±NµÊ G±c±š®²q®äu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. î®±±ºvw® ý®„¯Ûv î®±²Š®± w®‡®±S®¡®± ïýµ°Ç®Š®²y®vºu®

š®º…ºu®î®w®±Ý ý®…Û-y®ä‡µ²°S®uµ²l®wµ Ch±ÔNµ²¡®±ëq®Ùîµ. Kºu®± ý®…ÛNµÊ Kºu®± î¯X¯ãs®Áî®w®±Ý

î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. Au®Š® ªºS® î®±q®±Ù î®X®w®S®¡®² xþÏq®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®w®±Ý ý®…Ûw®‡®±vºu®

‡®±sµ²°Yq®îµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. š®ºš®Êȳq®u®ªå ›ô°S¯T ' N®©q®ä ' ý®…Ûî®w®±Ý w®y®¼ºš®N®ªºS®u®ªå

As®î¯ ' u¯Š¯ ' ý®…Ûî®w®±Ý y®¼ªåºS® …oe®±î®X®w®u®ªå y®ä‡µ²°Tš®±î®Š®±. Cu®Š®ºqµ‡µ±° uµ°î®

î®±q®±Ù uµ°ï CS®¡® î¯X¯ãs®Á š®æS®ÁOEµ²°N®u® y¯äpS®¡µºu®± BS®±q®Ùuµ. Cå ý®…Ûw®‡®±u®

Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® Ey®‡®±±N®Ùu®± ›u®Üî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Cuµ° y®äN¯Š® Eq®ÞrÙ‡®± Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® †Ãw¯Ýs®ÁN®

ý®…ÛS®¡®w®±Ý ‡®¾¯î¯S® w¯î®¼ Š®²mÇ®± y®äN¯Š® IN¯s®Áî¯Y‡®±w¯ÝT ¯mNµ²ºl®±,

y®ä‡µ²°Tš®±qµÙ°îµ‡µ²° BS® Au®± š®î®±†ÃŠ®²l® w®‡®±u® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® EYq®îµºu®± ›u®Üî¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

Eu¯oe®Š®nµS¯T uµ°î®Š¯c Hº…±u®NµÊ Cºu®ä, y®¼Š®ºu®Š® As®î¯ ý®N® ; N®±u®±Šµ Hº…±u®NµÊ Aý®æ ;

Aî®Á As®î¯ S®u®î®Á, šµ¶ºuÂ®î® îµ²u®OE¯u® ý®…Û y®ä‡µ²°S®S®¡®± Cîµ. D ý®…ÛS®¢Sµ q®î®±â-q®î®±â

 

†Ãw®Ý As®ÁS®¢îµ. Bu®Š®² Š®²mÇ®± î®±²©N® A y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±î¯Y‡®¾¯T Š®²y®¼Sµ²ºl®±î®¼. Cuµ°

š®î®±†ÃŠ®²l® w®‡®±îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. I„®²q® w®‡®±u® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® ®±Ùïw® ‡®¾¯î® š®î®±‡®±u®ªå,

‡®¾¯î® y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±î®¼ CŠ®±î®¼uµ²°, B š®î®±‡®±uµ²¡®Sµ Auµ° y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±î®w®±Ý oeµ°¡®±î® ý®…Ûî®w®±Ý

y®ä‡µ²°Tš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. K…à î®±w®±Ç®ãw®± Lvš®±rÙŠ®±î¯S® y¯j®N®, y®½bµ ¯l®±î¯S® y®½b¯‹,

‡®±±u®Ü¯l®±î¯S® ‡µ²°u¯Ü Hºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tq®Ùu®ÇµÔ.

u®äî¯ãtÁN®-y®‡®¾¯ÁtN®w®‡®±-

D w®‡®±S®¡® š®æŠ®²y®u® …SµÌ ïX¯Š® ¯l®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Kºu®± ¯q®± š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w®

›u¯Üºq®u®ªå D w®‡®±S®¢ºu® ‡®¾¯î® î®N®Ùȳïw® î®X®w®î®w®±Ý Nµ°¢u¯S®©² Aî®w® A†Ãy¯ä‡®±u®

š®±š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý ‡®±sµ²°Yq® ®±Ù›Úr‡µ²l®wµ qµ²°‹š®±î® y®ä‡®±q®Ýî®w®±Ý ¯l®OE¯Tuµ. îµ±°OEµ

oeµ°¢u® I¡®± w®‡®±S®¡®ºq®² ‡®±s¯s®Áî¯T‡®±² y®äî®±±Q Š®²y®u® u®³Ç¯Ôºq®S®¡¯Tîµ. Bu®Šµ

w®‡®±S®¡® š®ºPµã‡®±ºq®² Ay®‹ï±q®î¯Tuµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ u®äî®ã-î®ãµÚ‡®±, š®º…ºu®u®ªå HÇ®±Ô

y®äN¯Š®u® ïX¯Š®S®¡®± î®±q®±Ù î®X®w®S®¡®± BS®±q®Ùµ²° Aǵ° AS®¡® u®³™ÔNµ²°oS®¡®w®±Ý

š®ÞÇ®Ô¯l®©± w®‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Eu¯oe®Š®nµSµºu®±, bµ¶w® q®q®æb¯Ów®u®ªå BŠ®±

u®äî®ãS®¡µºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®² Ÿ°S®² oeµ°¡®…©åŠ®±. u®äî®ãq®² ‡®±s¯s®Áî¯T

Kºuµ° Cuµ. Aºu®Š®² w®‡®±î¯u®N®Êw®±š®‹› Cu®w®±Ý š®q¯Ù¯q®ä-S¯äŸ° ý®±u®Üu®äî¯ãtÁN®w®‡®±u®

Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® š®q®ãu®± ›æ°N®‹š®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. ›vÜ î®±q®±Ù î®±±OÙ C d°î®w® y®Š®î®¾¯q¯âµÚ‡µ±ºu®±

î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯Š®² Ÿ°S®² oeµ°¡®…©åŠ®± :-d°î®w®ºq®² š®î®Áq®ä î®±q®±Ù š®î®Áu¯

›u®Üïuµ, î®±±N®Ùïuµ. Cu®w®±Ý N®²l® bµ¶w® D ¯q®± N®îµ½Á°y¯và xŠ®yµ°£® ý®±u®Üu®äî¯ãtÁN®

w®‡®±vºu® oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ‡µ±ºu®± ›æ°N¯Š®î®¾¯l®±î®Š®±. To î®±q®±Ù S®±p°, u®äî®ã î®±q®±Ù y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±,

CS®¡®ªå ‡®±s¯s®Áî¯T‡®±² „¯î¯q®âN® „µ°u®ïuµ. Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®² Kîµ±â b¯Ów®îµ°

Bq®âî¯Tuµ Hw®Ý…oe®±u®±. î®±w®±Ç®ãw®± Aî®±Š®w¯TŠ®±î®w®± ; N®ºN®o š®±î®oÁîµ° Cuµ ; Cu®w®±Ý

„µ°u®ïN®©Þ-xŠ®yµ°£® ý®±u®Üu®äî¯ãt9N® w®‡®± vºu®š®q®ãu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯S®±î®¼u®±. ›u¯×ºq®N®Êw®±š¯‹›

b¯Ów®-u®ý®Áw®S®¡µ° Bq®âu® S®±oS®¡¯Tîµ ; НS®-uµæ°Ç¯vS®¡®± Au®Š® N®î®±Á cw®ãî®S®¡¯Tîµ ;

 

Cu®w®±Ý S®î®±x› ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®² d°î®î®½ НS®-uµæ°™‰±uµ‡µ±w®Ý…oe®±u®±. D ¯q®± N®îµ²Á°y¯vÃ

š¯yµ°£® Aý®±u®Ü u®äî¯ãtÁN® w®‡®±vºu® î®±xÝš®©± ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tuµ. CŠ®±îµ‰±ºu® î®±w®±Ç®ãw® µSµ

š®ºš¯‹° d°î®S®¡® b¯rS®¢îµ ; î®±q®±Ù d°î®î®¼ y®Š®î®¾¯q¯â ‡®¾¯î¯S® BS®±î®¼uµ²° BS®

ïý®±u®Üî¯T D š®î®±š®Ù š¯ºš¯‹N® S®rS®¢ºu® î®±±N®Ùî¯T …±l®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Šµ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± š®©

CŠ®±îµ‡®±² y®Š®î®¾¯q¯â Cuµ‡µ±ºu®± oeµ°¢‡®¾¯Š®±. Bu®Šµ D ¯q®² š®oe® y®Š®î®±„¯î®S¯äoe®N®

u®äî¯ãtÁN® w®‡®± vºu® 𮋇µ±ºu®± r¢‡®±ªNµÊ „µ°N®±. H©å u®äî®ãS®¡®² q®î®±â u®äî®ãq®æu®

Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® YŠ®š¯Ú‰±‡®¾¯Tîµ. Bu®Šµ Nµ©î®¼ cw®Š®± š®ºš¯Š®u® š®î®±š®Ù ®±ÙS®¡® £®o „®ºS®±Š®

Cµ±ºu®± oeµ°¡®±î®Š®±. A®± ®±Ùïw® š®qµÙ‡®±w®±Ý S®±o ¯m, Eq¯Þu®-î®ã‡®± S®±n¯q®âN®

Axq®ã ý®±u®Ü y®‡®¾¯Á‡®¾¯tÁN® w®‡®±vºu® oeµ°¢u¯Ûеºu®± w¯î®¼ r¢‡®±„µ°N®±. ‡®¾¯î®¼uµ²° Kºu®±

®±Ùïw® C©åîµ u®³ý®ãu® As®î¯ î®±w®±Ç®ãw® Yq®ä B ®±Ùî¯vS®¢ºu® š®î®Ás¯ y®³s®N¬î¯Tuµ.

Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯Š¯u®Š®² Yq®äî®w®±Ý N®ºl®± Cu®± Ÿî®¾¯©‡®±ïuµ, Cî®w®± Š¯î®±X®ºu®äxu¯Ûwµ, Hºu®±

oeµ°¢‡®¾¯Š®±, Cu®± bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±u® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® C©åîµ î®¾¯q®±S®¡®± š®æN¯r Aš®u¬-„®²q®

Ey®w®‡®±vºu® 𮋇®¾¯Tîµ. Cw®±Ý ‡®¾¯î®wµ° î®ãOÙ‡®±± q®w®Ý y®¼q®ä N®©q¯äv …ºu®±î®S®Ávºu®,

î®±q®±Ù î®±wµ-î®±j¯v š®ºy®q®±ÙS®¢ºu® š®î®Ás¯ †Ãw®Ýw¯Tu¯Ûwµ, Bu®Šµ K…àw®± w¯w®± î®±q®±Ù A

Kºuµ° BTuµÛ°îµ Hºu¯w®±; A w®w®Ý ; w¯î®¼ AS®¢Sµ šµ°‹u®î®w®± ; Bu®Šµ D ¯q®±

Aš®u¬„®²q® Ey®X¯Š®w®‡®±vºu® ‡®±s¯s®Áu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯S®±î®¼u®±. D y®äN¯Š® w®‡®±S®¢Sµ

Awµ°N® Eu¯oe®Š®nµS®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²l®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. AS®¡®ªå D w¯ã‡®± y®äry¯u®N® BX¯‡®±ÁŠ® Kºu®±

ïX¯Š®î®¼ š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ :- î®±w®±Ç®ãw®± ‡®¾¯î¯S®, oeµ°Sµ, Hªå, ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š®

Aw®±„®ï›u®wµ²°, ïX¯Š® ¯mu®wµ²° oe¯Sµ AS®¡®w®±Ý Aî®w®± î®X®w®…u®Ü ¯mu®w®±.

CåS®¡®ªå š®æ©Þ C©å š®æ©Þ š®q¯ãºý®î®¼ Aî®ý®ãî¯T ïu®ã¯w®ïuµ. D ¯q®w®±Ý Nµ°¢u¯S®

ïu¯æºš®w¯u®î®w®± Au®Š®ªå q®w®Ý xu¯Á‹q® î®±q®NµÊ Nµ©îµ½ºu®± ²°u® N®ºl®±…ºu®Š®² š®oe®

Au®Š® Qºl®w®u®ªå y®äq®Ùw¯S® N®²l®u®± ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ B ¯q®w®±Ý ‡®¾¯î® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu® oeµ°¢uµ

Hº…±u®w®±Ý r¢u®±Nµ²¡®ëªNµÊ Aî®w®± Aî®ý®ã y®Ô‡®±rÝš®ªNµÊ „µ°N®±. A©åuµ Au®± ‡®¾¯î® Ayµ°£µ‰±ºu®

Hªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ š®q®ãu®± N®ºl®±Nµ²¡®ë„µ°N®± îµ±°OE¯T q®w®Ý xþÏq® î®±q®NµÊ ‡®¾¯î® ‹°r

 

š¯î®±ºcš®ãî®w®±Ý Au®± š¯Úzš®…©±åuµº…±u®w®±Ý wµ²°l®„µ°N®±. bµ¶w® š¯ãu¯æu®, Awµ°N¯ºq® As®î¯

w®‡®±î¯u®u® î¯u®î®¼, q®w®Ý w¯ã‡®± ýµ¶ª‰±ºu® š®î®±š®Ù ²°u®u®± N®ºl®±…Š®±î® î®±q® î®±q®±Ù

ïX¯Š®S®¡®ªåŠ®±î® oeµ°¡®±î®î®Š® u®³™ÔNµ²°oî®w®±Ý N®ºl®±Ÿmu®±, AS®¡® ²°u®î®w®±Ý

y®‹oe®‹š®±î®¼u®± š¯u®ãïuµ Hº…±uµ° BTuµ. Ÿ°S¯T ²°vÃS®¢Sµ q®î®±â š®Þ™Ô°N®Š®ovºu®

A®î®Š® î®±q®S®¡® ›°îµ±S®¡®w®±Ý r¢› oeµ°¢, AS®¡®w®±Ý q®î®±â b¯Ów®u® AºS®îµºu®± Š®²z›Nµ²¡®ë©±

…Š®±q®Ùîµ.

w¯©±Ê-x£µ°y®S®¡®± :-

bµ¶w® w¯ã‡®±u® D Awµ°N¯ºq®-y®än¯ª‰±ºu® yµä°‹q®Š¯T‡µ±° bµ¶w¯X¯‡®±ÁŠ®± y®äN®³r‡®±

q®q®æS®¡® š®ºýµ²°u®wµ î®±q®±Ù y®äry¯u®w®S®¡®ªå q®±º… HX®Ï‹Nµ‡®±w®±Ý î®Ÿš®©± y®ä‡®±rÝ›u¯Ûе. A®

u®³™ÔNµ²°ou® ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå „¯äºr‡®±± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î®ºr©å. Cuµ° š¯î®u¯w®qµ‡®± y®‹n¯î®±

š®æŠ®²y®î¯T w¯î®¼ w¯©±Ê y®äN¯Š®u® x£µ°y®S®¡®w®²Ý AS®¡® ïïu® „µ°u®-y®ä„µ°u®S®¡®

î¯ãP¯ãw®î®w®±Ý N¯o±qµÙ°îµ. u®äî®ãu® š®æŠ®²y®î®¼ w¯w¯ ïu®î¯Tuµ. Au®w®±Ý r¢u®±Nµ²¡®ëªN®²Ê

r¢›Nµ²l®ªN®²Ê w¯î®¼ ‡®¾¯î® y®u®ÜrS®¡®w®±Ý …¡®š®±qµÙ°îµ‡µ²° AS®¢Sµ x£µ°y®îµºu®±

oeµ°¡®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. î¯ãP¯ãw®u®ªå w¯î®¼ ®±ÙS®¡® EOEµå°Qî®w®±Ý ïïu® oeµš®Š®±S®¢ºu®©²

š®ºbµÓS®¢ºu®©² ¯l®±qµÙ°îµ BS® Nµ©î®¼ N®lµSµ AS®¡® Èãq®ÞrÙ‰±ºu®©² oe®©î®¼ N®lµSµ

Š®²mɱºu®©² AS®¡® î¯X®ã ®±Ùî®w®±Ý y®äN®iš®±q®Ùuµ. D y®äN¯Š® y®¼š®ÙN®, N®±u®±Šµ î®±q®±Ù

î®±w®±Ç®ã D u®æxS®¡®± š®æq®» B‡®¾¯ ®±ÙS®¡®± BT©å, Bu®Šµ B ®±ÙS®¡® w¯î®± x£µ°y®S®¡¯Tîµ.

CS®¢ºu® OEµ²°N®-î®ãî®oe¯Š®î®¼ w®lµ‡®±±q®Ùuµ. Cuµ° y®äN¯Š®, î®±ºvŠ®S®¡®ªå š¯Úzq®î¯u®

î®±²rÁS®¡®± uµ°î®qµS®¡®©å, Bu®Šµ A uµ°î®qµS®¡® š¯N¯Š¯ š¯Úy®w¯ Š®²y®S®¡¯Tîµ. ‡®¾¯î®

y®äN¯Š® oe¯š®±S®º…¢‡®± îµ±°OEµ qµSµu® T¢, BwµS®¡®± B y¯äpS®¡®©å , AS®¡® š¯N¯Š® As®î¯

xНN¯Š® š¯Úy®w¯ ¯q®ä BTîµ. K¡µë‡®±u®NµÊºuµ° AS®¡®ªå y®½cã C©åîµ Ay®½c㠄¯î®wµS®¡®w®±Ý

w¯î®¼ ¯mNµ²¡®±ëqµÙ°îµ. Cu®w®±Ý w¯î®¼ š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T r¢u®±Nµ²¡®ë„µ°N®±. Cu®± š¯Úy®w¯ x£µ°y®u®

š®æŠ®²y®î¯Tuµ. Cuµ° y®äN¯Š® u®äî®ã-x£µ°y®vºu® w¯î®¼ ®±Ùïw® „®²q® î®±q®±Ù „®ïÇ®ãq¬N¯ª°w®

 

y®‡®¾¯Á‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý C©åîµ AµÚS®¡®w®±Ý y®äN®h¯l®±qµÙ°îµ. îµ²u®© K…àw®± Нcw¯T‹q¯Ùwµ. DS®

Bq®w®± Нcw¯TŠ®vu®ÛŠ®² Нcwµºu®± N®Šµ‰±›Nµ²¡®±ëq¯Ùwµ. Kîµ²âîµ±â l¯N®ÔŠ® Nµ²°›ÁSµ Cu®Û

ïu¯ãtÁ‡®±w®²Ý l¯N®ÔŠ®wµºu®± š®º„Âµ²°vÚ®±qµÙ°îµ. Cu®NµÊ ïy®‹°q®î¯T ‡®¾¯î¯S® w¯î®¼ ‡®¾¯î®

®±Ùî®w®±Ý, ‡®¾¯î® š®î®±‡®±u®ªå, ‡®¾¯î® Š®²y®u®ªå CŠ®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, Au®w®±Ý B š®î®±‡®±u®ªå Auµ°

As®Á„µ²°u®wµN® ý®…Ûvºu® y®äN®hSµ²¢š®±qµÙ°îµ. BS® Cu®± „Â¯î® x£µ°y® Hxš®±q®Ùuµ. î¯ãP¯ãw®

Nµ²l®±î® îµ°¡µ‡®±ªå K…à î®ãOÙ‡®±± î¯ãP¯ãq®îµxš®±q¯Ùwµ, u¯ãw® ¯l®±î¯S® u¯ãx‡µ±xš®±q¯Ùwµ.

Cuµ° y®äN¯Š® ®±Ù ïîµ°X®wµ‡®±ªå u®äî®ã, £µ°q®ä, N¯© î®±q®±Ù „¯î®S®¡® š®º…ºu®u®ªå

š®q®N®Áqµ‡®±w®±Ý Ch±ÔNµ²¡®±ëu®± ; ®±Ùî®w®²Ý Au®Š® š®q¯Ù, š®ºP¯ã, £µ°q®ä, š®Þý®Áw®, N¯© ;

Aºq®Š®, „Â¯î® î®±q®±Ù A©Þ …oe®±q®æS®¢Sµ Aw®±š®‹› r¢u®±Nµ²¡®±ëu®± ; oe¯Sµ‡µ±° AS®¡®

xuµÁ°ý®, š¯æï±q®æ, š¯u®w®, AvÃN®Š®o, ›Úr î®±q®±Ù ïu¯w®S®¡® N®lµS®² u¯ãw®î®w®±Ý Nµ²l®±q®Ù

CŠ®±î®¼u®± ; CåS®¡® Buµ°ý® Nµ²l®OE¯Tuµ. D y®äN¯Š® bµ¶w®ý¯š®ôu® A„¯㛇®±± IN¯ºq®

u®³™Ô‰±ºu® u®²Š® E¢‡®±ªNµÊ y®½oÁ y®ä‡®±q®Ý ¯mu¯Ûwµ.

š®î®±ãN¬ X¯‹q®ä :-

š®î®±ãN®ð î®±q®±Ù b¯Ów®u® š¯u®wµ‡®± oeµ²Š®q¯T N®î®±ÁS®¡® š®±ºu®Š® oe¯S®² xcÁНS®¢ºu®

îµ²°£®š¯u®wµS¯T X¯‹q®äu® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‰±uµ.

d°î®w®u®ªå u¯ï±ÁN®qµ‡®±± ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š® Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùuµº…±u®w®±Ý îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢uµ.

š®î®±ãN®ð Au¯ï±ÁN®qµ‡®± £µ°q®ävºu® oeµ²Š®qµSµu®± u¯ï±ÁN® £µ°q®äu®ªå q®Š®±î®ºs® ®±Ùî¯Tuµ.

Cu®‹ºu® î®ãOÙSµ Kºu®± oeµ²š® Xµ¶q®w®ã ©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ. w¯w®± Nµ°î®© D ý®‹°Š®uµ²l®wµ …u®±N®±î®

oe¯S®² î®±Š®o oeµ²ºu®±î®î®w®©å ; Kºu®± Aïw¯þ° q®q®æî¯TuµÛ°wµ. D A‹îµ° š®î®±ãN®ð x°l®±î®

w®ï°w® Xµ¶q®w®ã. Cǵ԰ A©å, D Xµ°q®wµ‡µ²l®wµ N®äî®±vºu® Aî®xSµ š®ºš¯Š®u® Aw®ã q®q®æS®¡®

‡®¾¯î® b¯Ów®î®¼ y¯äy®Ùî¯S®±î®¼uµ²°, Au®‹ºu® Aî®w®± q®w®Ý d°î®w®u® N®lµSµ oe¯S®² q®w®Ý

š®±q®Ùî®±±q®Ùªw® d°î® cS®rÙw® N®lµSµ Cl®±î® u®³™ÔNµ²°o …u®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. ï±s¯ãq®æu® AµÚ‡®±ªå

q®w®Ý š¯æs®Á, q®w®Ý yµ½°Ç®nµ î®±q®±Ù Aw®ãŠ® ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå uµæ°Ç® oe¯S®² DǯãÁ „¯î®S®¡®±

 

y®äî®±±Qî¯Tu®±Û. Bu®Šµ š®î®±ãOðSµ q®w®Ý š®±q®Ù î®±±q®Ùªw® d°î®S®¡®ªå‡®±² q®w®Ýºqµ‡µ±° CŠ®±î®

Bq®âq®q®æu® u®ý®Áw®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Au®‹ºu® AS®¡® …SµÌ šµÝ°oe®, N¯Š®±oã î®±q®±Ù š®oe¯w®±„®²r‡®±

„¯î®wµS®¡®± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯T †l®±q®Ùîµ. ‡®¾¯î® rÙS®¢ºu® d°î® d°î®S®¡®ªå š®ºU®Ç®Ánµ‡®±±

N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, AS®¢ºu® OÙ‡®±± Eºg¯S®±q®Ù oeµ²°S®±q®Ùuµ. Cºs®î®w® u®³™Ô‡®±ªå

KºuµlµSµ d°î®w®u® Aw®±y®î®± î®±oe¯q®âÉã, Cwµ²Ý°uµlµSµ d°î®S®¢Sµ Uµ²°Š® u®±»Qî®w®±Ý Eq®Þw®Ý

¯l®±î® y®ärÙS®¡® š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T Hu®±‹Sµ …ºu®± †l®±q®Ùîµ. D w®ï°w® u®³™Ô‡®± y®©š®æŠ®²î¯T

Aî®xSµ q®w®Ý rÙ‡®±ªå š®î®±ãN®ðu® îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® w¯©±Ê ©£®oS®¡®±-C y®äý®î®±, š®ºîµ°S®,

Aw®±N®ºy®, î®±q®±Ù B›ÙN®ãHº… w¯©±Ê ©£®oS®¡®±-y®äN®hî¯S®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¢ºu® Aî®w® d°î®w®

uÂ¯Šµ‡®±ªå Kºu®± oeµ²š® K©î®¼ …ºu®±†l®±q®Ùîµ. Ÿ°S¯T Aî®w®± u®±Š¯X®Š®nµ‡®±w®±Ý qµ²Šµu®±

š®u¯X¯‹‡®¾¯S®±q¯Ùwµ. D š®u¯X¯Š®u® î®±²©yµä°Š®nµ‡®±± q®w®Ý oe¯S®² Aw®ãŠ® Ÿq® î®±q®±Ù

N®OE¯ãou® „¯î®wµ‡®¾¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Bq®âŸq®vºu® y®Š®Ÿq®u® îµ±°¡® ¯l®±î®¼u®Š®ªå ‡®¾¯î® qµ²l®N®±

Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, Auµ° ïX¯Š®S®¡® ïǮqµ î®±q®±Ù O䇮¾¯ š¯æq®ºq®üî¯Tuµ. ïX¯Š®S®¡®

ïǮqµ‡®±w®±Ý u®²Š®Sµ²¢š®ªNµÊ š®î®±ãS¬b¯ÓxSµ š¯ãu¯æu® î®±q®±Ù Awµ°N¯ºq®S®¡® š¯î®±ãºcš®ãî®w®±Ý

Eq®Þw®Ý ¯l®±î® ïX¯Š® ýµ¶ª‰±ºu® š®oe¯‡®±î®¼ ©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ. Cw®±Ý BX®ou® ý®±vÜS¯T q®w®Ý

š®î®¾¯w®î¯T Aw®ãŠ®w®±Ý Š®¤š®±î® ïX¯Š® As¯Áq¬ AŸºšµ‡®±± ›u¯Üºq®Š®²y®u®ªå Aî®w® Nµ¶Sµ

©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ.

AŸºš¯ :-

d°î®-cS®rÙw®ªå Kºu®± î®±‡®¾¯Áuµ‡®± µSµ AŸºšµ‡®± y®ärÙ‡®±± š¯æ„Â¯ïN®î¯Tuµ.

y®ý®±-y®¤ î®±q®±Ù AS®¢Tºq® Nµ¡® q®Š®S®r‡®± d°î®cºq®±S®¡®ªå q®w®Ý b¯r‡®± d°î®S®¡®w®±Ý

Nµ²©±åu®± î®±q®±Ù rw®±Ýu®± D y®ärÙS®¡®± …oe®±q®Š® N®ºl®±…Š®±î®¼v©å. oe®±ª, ›ºoe®

îµ²u®OE¯u® Ÿºš®ä y¯äpS®¡®ªå‡®±² š®oe® q®î®±â š®ºq®r‡®±w®Ýºq®² Š®¤š®±q®Ùîµ. Cǵ԰ A©å ,

Aw®ãb¯r‡®± d°î®S®¡®w®²Ý š®oe® q®î®±Sµ îµ°u®wµ‡®±± r°Š® oeµX¯Ïu¯S® ¯q®ä Nµ²©±åq®Ùîµ.

y¯äpS®¡®ªå š¯æ„Â¯ïN®î¯T‡µ±° AŸºšµ²°w®±âQ rÙ‡®±w®±Ý y®‹X®‡®± ¯mNµ²l®±î® Nµ©îµ½ºu®±

š®oe®c Xµ°q®w®S®¡®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùîµ. C îµ±¶s®±w®. š®ºq¯w®y¯©wµ, š¯î®±²ŸN® d°î®w® îµ²u®OE¯u®

 

y®ärÙS®¡®± y®äu¯w®î¯TŠ®±î® d°î®S®¡®ªå CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. y®äN®³r‡®±ªå‡®±² N®²l® ‡®¾¯î® y¯äp‡®±±

HÇ®±Ô î®±iÔSµ AŸºš®N® rÙ‡®±±¡®ëu¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ‡µ²°, Aǵ԰ oeµX®±Ï Au®± þ£®oNµÊ ‡µ²°S®ã oe¯S®²

Ey®‡®±±N®Ùu®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. N®±‹, BN®¡®±, Hîµ±â, N®±u®±Šµ, Kºgµ, Bwµ îµ²u®OE¯u® y®ý®±S®¡®

¯ºš¯oe¯‹S®¡¯T©å. Au®‹ºu® A î®±w®±Ç®ãw® d°î®w® î¯ãy¯Š®u®ªå Ey®‡®±±N®Ùu®±

›u®Üî¯Tuµ. ‡®±s¯s®Áî¯T‡®±² CS®¡®ªå‡®±² CS®¡®ªå‡µ±° y®äN®³r‡®± þ°qµ²°Ç®Ø îµ²u®OE¯u®

u®æºu¯æq®âN® ý®OÙ‡®±w®±Ý š®oe®w® ¯l®±î® î®±q®±Ù y®‹ý®ä¯l®±î® ý®OÙ‡®±± ïýµ°Ç®Š®²y®vºu®

N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ.

 

   




    Philosophy
    Scriptures-Sacred Books
    JW in Indian Languages

    JW in World Languages




Home | Guest Book | Recommend Us | About US | Acknowledgement | Surveys | FAQ | Report Broken Link | Site Map