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š®î®±î®š®Š®o Š®X®wµ :-

r°s®ÁºN®Š®‹Sµ Nµ°î®©b¯Ów®î®¼ Eq®Ýy®Þî¯u® îµ±°OEµ Cºu®äw® BbµÓ‰±ºu® N®±„µ°Š®w®± A®

š®î®±î®š®Š®ou® As¯Áq¬ š®„¯„®î®w®u® Š®X®wµ‡®±w®±Ý ¯l®±q¯Ùwµ. Au®Š®ªå r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®

u®Á°y®uµ°ý®î®¼ BS®±q®Ùuµ. š®î®±î®š®Š®o Š®X®wµ‡®± î®oÁwµ‡®±± …oe®¡®Ç®±Ô ي®î¯T …ºu®±u®±

uµ²Šµ‡®±±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š® Bu¯Š®vºu® bµ¶w® ®±ÙN®OEµ‡®± ïïu® Š®²y®S®¡®± y®ä„¯ïq®î¯u®ºqµ N®ºl®±

…Š®±q®Ùîµ. ( rä.y®ä. 4, 711 - 942 ) Š®ªå š®î®±î®š®Š®o š®º…ºu®u®ªå š¯î®¾¯w®ã „®²ï±,

šµ²°y¯w®, ï°t, u®²ªý¯©, Xµ¶q®ã y¯äš¯u®, w®³q®ãý¯OE¯, ¯w®š®Ùº„®, š®²Ùy®, î®±ºhy®,

 

S®ºu®±N®±i° îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¡¯ ïw¯ãš®, y®ä¯o, BN¯Š® Cq¯ãvS®¡® …SµÌ …oe®¡®Ç®±Ô î®oÁwµ‡®±±

©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ. Cuµ° î®oÁwµ‡®±± dw®šµ°w® N®³q® Bvy®¼Š¯o ( y®î®Á 23 ) u®ªå‡®±² …ºvŠ®±q®Ùuµ.

š®î®±î®š®Š®ou® Š®X®wµ‡®±± š®±î®¾¯Š®± oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± ‡µ²°cw® B‡®¾¯î®±u®ªå š®²Š®ãî®±ºl®© š®î®±î¯T

Sµ²°OE¯N¯Š®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® zj®î®¼ …oe®¡® Hq®ÙŠ®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Aªå‡®±î®ŠµSµ q®©±y®„µ°N¯u®Šµ

š®î®±î®š®Š®o „®²ï±‰±ºu® w¯©±Ê vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå Kºuµ²ºu®± îµ²¡® Hq®ÙŠ®u® HŠ®l®± š¯ïŠ®

îµ±hÔ©±S®¡®w®±Ý xï±Áš®„µ°N¯S®±q®Ùu¬æ. Aªåºu® î®±±ºuµ ï°tS®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. AS®¡® HŠ®l®²

î®±S®ÌªSµ îµ°vNµS®¡®w®±Ý Š®Y‹š®±q¯ÙŠµ. B îµ±°OEµ oeµ²Š®Tw® u®²ªý¯© Hº… Nµ²°gµ‡®±± CŠ®±q®Ùuµ.

Au®Š® y®½î¯Áv w¯©±Ê vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå ïc‡®± c‡®±ºq®, c‡®±ºq® î®±q®±Ù Ay®Š¯dq® Hº… oeµš®‹w®

Sµ²°y®¼Š® u¯æŠ®S®¢Š®±q®Ùîµ. D Sµ²°y®¼Š®S®¡®± î®±²Š®± „®²ï±S®¡®±¡®ë - Ag¯ÔªNµS®¡®²¡®ëS®¡¯T

Š®î®±p°‡®±î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. AS®¡® „¯oe®ã, î®±u®ã K¡®Tw® y¯ý®æÁ „¯S®S®¡®ªå î®±ºS®©u®äî®ã, xvÃ,

u®²y®U®hS®¢ºu® N®²mu® uµ²l®Ö uµ²l®Ö y®¼q®Ù¢S®¡®w®±Ý xï±Áš®OE¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. AÇ®Ô î®±ºS®©

u®äî®ãS®¡®w®±Ý „®î®w®S®¡® y®äN®Š®ou®ªå r¢›uµ. w®î®xvÃS®¡® oeµš®Š®±S®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ :- N¯©, î®±oe¯N¯©,

y¯ºl®±, ¯oî®N®, ý®ºQ, y®u®â, wµ¶š®y®Á, zºS®© î®±q®±Ù w¯w¯ Š®q®Ý D w®î®xvÃS®¡®± N®äî®±vºu®

G±rS®¢Sµ Aw®±N®²©î¯u® ¯OEµ îµ²u®OE¯u® w¯w¯ u®äî®ãS®¡®w®±Ý, „µ²°cw®, u¯w®ã, B‡®±±u®,

î¯u®ã, ®ô, î®±ºvŠ®, B„®Š®o î®±q®±Ù Š®q®ÝS®¡®w®±Ý Ku®Tš®±î® ý®OÙ‡®±±¡®ëºs®î®¼S®¡¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ.

Sµ²°y®¼Š®S®¡® „¯oe®ã „¯S®u®ªå î®±N®Š® qµ²°Š®oS®¡®² oe¯S®² K¡®„¯S®u®ªå Š®q®Ý qµ²°Š®oS®¡®²

CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. î®±u®㠄¯S®u® HŠ®l®² î®±S®Ì©±S®¡®ªå Kºuµ²ºu®± w¯hã ý¯OEµS®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. D

Sµ²°y®¼Š®S®¡® u¯æŠ®y¯©N®Š®± bµ²ã°rÇ®Ê uµ°î®‹Š®±q¯ÙŠµ. C®± q®î®±â Nµ¶S®¡®ªå Š®q®Ý u®ºl®î®w®±Ý

u®‹›Š®±q¯ÙŠµ. Nµ²i‡®± L¡®Sµ oeµ²°u® îµ±°OEµ Kºuµ²ºu®± dw®„®î®w®u® Aºq®Š¯¡®vºu® Juµ¶u®±

Xµ¶q®ãy¯äš¯u®S®¡®± uµ²Šµ‡®±±q®Ùîµ. C Ey®î®w® î®±q®±Ù î¯zNµS®¢ºu® ýµ²°†Ãš®±q®Ùîµ. oe¯Sµ‡µ±°

ï°tS®¡® HŠ®l®² y¯ý®æÁ „¯S®S®¡®ªå HŠ®lµŠ®l®± w¯hã ý¯OEµS®¡®± ý®‹°Š¯N®³r‡®± oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± y®h±Ô

Hq®ÙŠ®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. Kºuµ²ºu®± w¯hã ý¯OEµ‡®±ªå 32 Š®ºS®„®²ï±S®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®ªå

Kºuµ²ºu®Š® îµ±°©² 32 „®î®w®î¯›° N®wµã‡®±Š®± A†Ãw®‡®± oe¯S®² w®³q®ã ¯l®±î®Ç®±Ô

š®Ú¡®ïŠ®±q®Ùuµ.

 

¯w®š®Ùº„® :-

¯S®ÁS®¡® w®hÔw®l®±îµ Kuµ²ºu®± ¯w®š®Ùº„®S®¡®± š¯Úzq®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. C BN¯Š®u®ªå

Sµ²°©, î®±q®±Ù w¯©±Ê Sµ²°y®¼Š®u¯æŠ®S®¡®² u®æc y®q¯NµS®¡®² CŠ®±î® Kºuµ²ºu®± Nµ²°gµ‰±ºu®

š®±q®±ÙvŠ®±q®Ùîµ. Cu®Š® w¯©²Ê N®lµSµ š®±ºu®Š® î®w®Qºl®S®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡®ªå y®½î¯Áv

vý¯N®äî®±vºu® šµ²°î®±, ‡®±î®±, î®±Š®o î®±q®±Ù N®±„µ°Š® D OEµ²°N®y¯©N®Š® Š®î®±p°‡®±î¯u®

Oä°l¯w®S®Š®S®¢Š®±q®Ùîµ. ¯w®š®Ùº„® N®äî®±î¯T YN®Ê YN®Êu¯S®±q®Ù oeµ²°S®±î®ºs® î®±²Š®±

Sµ²°OE¯N¯Š® z°j®S®¡® îµ±°OEµ š¯Úzq®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ. ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® Hq®ÙŠ®î®¼ rs®ÁºN®Š®Š®

ý®‹°Š¯N®³r‡®± oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± y®h±Ô CŠ®±î®¼uµºu®± oeµ°¢uµ. ¯w®š®Ùº„® î®±²Š®± Qºl®S®¡®ªå

dq®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® î®±²© „¯S®î®¼ î®b¯äu¯æŠ®S®¢ºu® N®²mu®±u®±, î®±u®ã„¯S®î®¼ š®ßiN®

î®±pî®±‡®± q¯ÙN¯Š®î¯u®±u®±, îµ±°ªw® „¯S®î®¼ l®²‡®±Á î®±pî®±‡®±î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š®

w¯©²Ê vN®±ÊS®¢Sµ X®î®‹, U®ºi, SµbµÑ, Š®q®Ýoe¯Š® î®±q®±Ù u®æcS®¡®² ýµ²°†Ãš®±q®Ùîµ. ¯w®š®Ùº„®u®

þQŠ®u® îµ±°OEµ w¯©²Ê vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå Hºh± Hºh± y¯äroe¯‡®±ÁS®¢ºu® N®²mu® Kºuµ²ºu®±

dwµ°ºu®ä y®ärîµ±‡®±± c¯w®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. y¯äroe¯‡®±ÁS®¡® oeµš®Š®±S®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ :-

Aýµ²°N®î®³£®, vî®ãy®¼Ç®Þ, ™Ô, vî®ã u®æx, X¯î®±Š®, Bš®w®, „¯ºl®©, u®±ºu®±†Ã î®±q®±Ù Z®q®ä,

y®är‡µ²ºu®± ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® y®½î¯Áv w¯©²Ê vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå Kºuµ²ºu®± î¯zNµS®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ.

y®½î¯Áv všµS®¡®ªåŠ®±î® ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® î¯zNµS®¡® oeµš®Š®±S®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ :- w®ºuµ²°q®ÙŠ¯, w®ºu¯,

w®ºv°î®±r î®±q®±Ù w®ºv°Uµ²°Ç¯, v¤n¯ ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® î¯zNµS®¡®± ; ïc‡®¾¯, c‡®±ºq¯,

c‡®±ºq¯ î®±q®±Ù Ay®Š¯dq¯, y®þÏî®± ¯w®š®Ùº„®NµÊ š®º…ºvÛu® î¯zNµS®¡®± :- Aýµ²°N¯,

š®±y®är‡®±±u¯Ü, N®±î®±±u¯ î®±q®±Ù y®¼ºl®‹°N¯, Eq®ÙŠ® ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® î¯zNµS®¡®± :-

oe®³u®‡®¾¯w®ºu¯, î®±oe¯w®ºu¯, š®±y®är…±u¯Ü î®±q®±Ù y®ä„®ºN®Š¯, D î¯zNµS®¡®± X¹Š®š® BN¯Š®u®

N®gµÔS®¡®± î®±q®±Ù qµ²°Š®oS®¢ºu® ‡®±±N®Ùî¯Tu®±Û, c©Oä°lµSµ ‡µ²°S®ã vî®ã u®äî®ãS®¡®² oe¯S®²

šµ²°y¯w®S®¢ºu® N®²mŠ®±q®Ùîµ. ¯w®š®Ùº„®u® y®ä‡µ²°cw®î®¼, Au®Š® u®ý®Áw® ¯q®ävºu® u®ý®ÁN®w®

î®±u®î®¼ u®²Š®î¯T †l®±q®Ùuµ ; Aî®w® î®±w®›éw®ªå u¯ï±ÁN® ý®äuµÜ‡®±± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±q®Ùuµ ;

Ÿ°Tuµ‡µ±ºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ.

 

Xµ¶q®ã £® î®±q®±Ù š®²Ùy® :-

š®î®±î®š®Š®ou® î®±±ºvw® î®w® „®²ï±S®¡®ªå Aýµ²°N®, š®y®ÙX®Ðu®, X®ºy®N® î®±q®±Ù Bî®±ä D

w¯©±Ê Xµ¶q®ã£®S®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. CS®¡® Hq®ÙŠ®î®½ N®²l® r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š® ý®‹°Š®u® ¯w®vºu®

oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± y®h±Ô CŠ®±q®Ùuµ. y®är‡µ²ºu®± Xµ¶q®ã£®î®w®±Ý Bý®ä‰±›u® w¯©²Ê vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå Hºh±

y¯äroe¯Š®ãS®¢ºu® N®²mu® w¯©²Ê - w¯©²Ê dw® y®ärîµ±S®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. î®w® „®²ï±‡®±ªå

uµ°î®„®î®w® î®±q®±Ù „®î®w® „®²ï±S®¡® y¯ý®æÁ„¯S®u®ªå y®är‡µ²ºu®² ï°t‡®± î®±u®ãu®ªå Kº„®q®±Ù

- Kº„®q®±Ù š®²Ùy®S®¢Š®±q®Ùîµ. D š®²Ùy®S®¡®± r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®± î®±q®±Ù ›u®ÜŠ® y®ärîµ±S®¢ºu®

î¯ãz›u®±Û, oe¯S®² Z®q®äu® îµ±°OEµ Z®q®ä î®±q®±Ù Hºh± î®±ºS®© u®äî®ãS®¡®² u®æcS®¡®² CS®¢ºu®

ýµ²°†Ãš®±q®Ùîµ. D š®²Ùy®S®¡® Hq®ÙŠ®î®½ Xµ¶q®ã£®S®¢Sµ š®î®±w¯T, r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š® ý®‹°Š¯N®³r‡®±

oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± y®iÔw®Ç®±Ô CŠ®±q®Ùuµ.

§°î®±ºhy® :-

š®î®±î®š®Š®w®u® w®hÔw®l®±îµ S®ºu®N®±i î®±q®±Ù Au®Š® wµŠµoeµ²Šµ‡®±ªå Sµ²°OE¯N¯Š®î¯TŠ®±î®

oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± §°î®±ºhy® As¯Áq¬ oeµ²j®mS®¡®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ. D §°î®±ºhy®S®¡®± y®är‡µ²ºu®±

všµ‡®±ªå ï°t°y®s®î®w®±Ý †h±Ô, 4 - 4 †ÃrÙS®¡® Aºq®Š®vºu® î®±²Š®± - î®±²Š®± CŠ®±q®Ùîµ.

CS®¡® Hq®ÙŠ®î®½ r°s®ÁºN®Š® ý®‹°Š®u® Hq®ÙŠ®u® oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± y®h±Ô CŠ®±q®Ùuµ. u®Á°y®uµ°ý®u®

š®î®±‡®±u®ªå D Nµ²j®mS®¡®± N®äî®±vºu® y®½î®Ávºu® y®äu®¤o N®äî®±vºu® ( 1 ) S®ou®Š®Š®±, ( 2

) N®©Þxuµ°ï‡®±Š®±, ( 3 ) B‰±ÁN¯ î®±q®±Ù ý¯äïNµ‡®±Š®±, ( 4 ) bµ²ã°r™° uµ°ï‡®±Š®±, (

5 ) ºq®Š® uµ°ï‡®±Š®±, ( 6 ) „®î®w®î¯›x° uµ°ï‡®±Š®±, ( 7 ) „®î®w®î¯›° uµ°î®Š®±, ( 8 )

î®ãºq®Š® uµ°î®Š®±, ( 9 ) bµ²ã°rÇ®Ê uµ°î®Š®±, ( 10 ) N®©Þ° uµ°î®Š®± î®±q®±Ù Cºu®äŠ®±, ( 11 )

X®N®äî®rÁS®¡®± îµ²u®OE¯u® î®±w®±Ç®ãŠ®± î®±q®±Ù ( 12 ) Bwµ, ›ºoe¯v š®î®±š®Ù r‡®±ÁºX® d°î®S®¡®±

N®²l®±äu®N¯ÊT x‡®±ï±q®î¯TŠ®±q®Ùîµ.

S®ºu®N®±i° :-

 

§° î®±ºhy®u® î®±u®ãu®ªå - w®hÔ w®l®±îµ î®±²Š®± z°kNµS®¡® îµ±°OEµ S®ºu® N®±i‡®±

Š®X®wµ‡®¾¯TŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® BN¯Š®î®¼ X¹Š®š® Š®²y®u®ªå CŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Aºrî®± r°s®ÁºN®Š® î®±oe¯ï°Š®Š®

S®ºu®Oi‡®± Hq®ÙŠ®î®¼ 75 u®w®±Ç® As¯Áq¬ š®±î®¾¯Š®± 500 y®½hu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ.

S®ºu®N®±i‡®± î®±u®ãu®ªå Eq®Ùî®± ›ºoe¯š®w®ïŠ®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® îµ±°OEµ r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®±

c¯w®Š¯Tu®±Û u®Á°y®uµ°ý®î®w®±Ý ¯l®±q¯ÙŠµ.

w®S®Š® ïw¯ãš® :-

bµ¶w¯S®î®±S®¡®ªå uµ°ý®u® Awµ°N® î®±oe¯w¬ w®S®Š®S®¡¯u® X®ºy¯, Š¯cS®³oe®, ý¯äî®›Ù°,

N¹ý¯º†, ï±tOE¯ îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¡® EOEµå°Q îµ±°ªºu® îµ±°OEµ …Š®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Šµ AåS®¡®

î®oÁwµ‡®±± Kºuµ° ‹°r‡®¾¯Tuµ. A©åuµ Au®± y®½oÁ î®oÁwµ‡®±w®±Ý Nµ°î®© Kºu®±

š®²q®äu®ªå‡µ±° Nµ²h±Ô †l®±î®Ç®ÔŠ® î®±iÔSµ Cuµ. „µ°ŠµlµSµ ' î®oØL ' ( î®oÁwµ ¯mu® )

Hºu®± oeµ°¢uµ, Au®Š® š®ºNµ°q®î®w®±Ý ¯q®ä ¯m †l®OE¯Tuµ. Cu®‹ºu®, B N¯©u® w®S®Š®

Š®X®wµ‡®±± …oe®±q®Š® H©åN®lµS®² Kºuµ° ‹°r‡®¾¯T Cu®±Ûu®± Sµ²q¯ÙS®±q®Ùuµ. B w®S®Š® Š®X®wµ î®±q®±Ù

š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý y®½oÁî¯T r¢‡®±ªNµÊºu®± Cªå Eî®î¯C‡®± š®²q®ä ( 1 ) vºu® X®ºy¯w®S®‹‡®±

y®½oÁ î®oÁwµ‡®±w®±Ý Nµ²l®OE¯Tuµ.

" X®ºy¯w®S®‹‡®±± u®w® - š®ºy®rÙ‰±ºu® š®î®±³u®Üî¯Tq®±Ù. w®S®Š®î¯›S®¡®± …oe®¡®

š®ºqµ²°Ç®u®ªå CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. w®S®Š®î®¼ cw®‹ºu® q®±º† q®±¡®±N®±rÙq®±Ù. Au®Š® wµŠµoeµ²Šµ‡®±

oeµ²©S®¡®ªå š¯ïŠ¯Š®± wµ°T©±S®¡®± Nµ©š®u®ªå qµ²l®TŠ®±rÙu®Û. Nµ²°¢S®¡® Ÿºl®±S®¡®±

š®ºX®‹š®±rÙu®Û. Aªå bµ²°¡®, N®…±à, u¯w®ãS®¡®± š¯N®Ç®±Ô „µ¡µ‡®±±rÙu®Û. Aªå BN®¡®±, Hîµ±â

î®±q®±Ù Bl®± N®±‹S®¡®± …oe®¡®Ç®±Ô CŠ®±rÙu®±Û. š®±ºu®Š® BN¯Š®u® …oe®¡®Ç®±Ô Xµ¶q®ãS®¡®² Aªå

x¯ÁoSµ²ºmŠ®±rÙu®±Û. š®±ºu®‹‡®±Š®² þ°©î®r‡®±Š®² Bu® ‡®±±î®r‡®±Š®± CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. B

w®S®Š®î®¼ ©²iS¯Š®Š®±, u¯‹…l®N®Š®±, S®ºh±S®¡®ëŠ®±, u®Šµ²°lµS¯Š®Š®±, u®±»š¯oe®›S®¡®±, q®š®ÊŠ®Š®±,

u®±Š¯X¯‹S®¡®± î®±q®±Ù Š¯£®š®Š®± C©åuµ CŠ®±î®¼u®‹ºu® £µ°î®±N®Š®î¯T‡®±² xŠ®±y®u®äî®î®½ BTq®±Ù.

Aªå †Ã£µ‡®±± š®±Qvºu® uµ²Šµ‡®±±rÙq®±Ù. cw®Š®± xþϺq®Š¯T ý®±Qvºu® „¯¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±.

 

Nµ²°g¯ãî®và N®±h±º…S®¡®± š¯æš®ÚÉãvºu® ®î®¾¯mNµ²ºmu®±Û. Aªå w®hŠ®±, w®q®ÁN®Š®±,

lµ²º…Š®±, î®±©åŠ®±, î®±±™Ô‡®±±u®Ü­ ¯l®±î®î®Š®±, ïu®²Ç®N®Š®±, N®sµoeµ°¡®±î®î®Š®±, w®SµS¯Š®Š®±,

w®Sµ‡®± N®±pq®u®î®Š®±. BP¯ã‰±N®Š®± Yq®äu®ý®ÁN®Š®±, uµ²l®Ö †u®‹w® îµ±°OEµ N®±p‡®±±î®î®Š®±, y®¼ºT°

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w®ºu®w®î®w®u®ºqµ Š®î®±p°‡®±î¯Tq®±Ù. B w®S®‹Sµ š®±q®Ù©² B¡®î®½ S®º†°Š®î®½ Bu® N®u®ºN®ïq®±Ù.

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y®äN¯Š®u® þ©Þ oe¯S®² š®±Pµ²°y®„µ²°S®u® ®±ÙS®¡®± Cl®©ÞiÔu®±Û. Au®± ›ºU¯iN® ( räNµ²°o

), X¹Nµ²o oe¯S®² X¹Nµ²°o BN¯Š®u® ¯S®Áu® N®²hS®¡®ªå ïïu® ®±ÙS®¡®w®±Ý ¯Š®±î®

AºS®mS®¢u®±Û. Au®Š® Š¯c¯S®ÁS®¡®± Š¯cw® S®î®±w¯S®î®±w®vºu® š®±Š®î®±ãî¯Tu®Û. Aªå

Awµ°N® š®±ºu®Š®î¯u® Eq®Ùî®± N®±u®±ŠµS®¡®±, î®±u¯ÛwµS®¡®±, Š®s®S®¡®±, îµ±°nµ - y®©åOS®¡®± Cîµ°

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ýµ²°†Ãš®±rÙu®±Û. B y®hÔo Ecæ©, ýµæ°q®î®±oe¯„®î®w®S®¢ºu® s®¡®s®¢š®±rÙvÛq®± ; N®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý

Nµ²°Šµ¶š®±î®ºru®±Û. AåS®¡®w®±Ý wµ²°m, î®±w®š®±é y®äš®w®Ýî¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. Ÿ°Sµ Au®±

u®ý®Áx°‡®±î®½ š®±ºu®Š® î®±q®±Ù î®±wµ²°cÓî¯Tq®±Ù. "

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Au®Š® š®î®±³vÜ î®±q®±Ù u®w® - „®î®S®¡®Sµ š®º…ºvÛu®±Û. ( 2 ) AªåŠ®±î® ïïu® y®äN¯Š®u® N®OEµ,

ïuµã î®±q®±Ù î®±wµ²°Š®ºcw®u® š¯u®w®S®¡® š®º…ºu® N®±‹q®±. ( 3 ) w®S®Š®u® Š®X®wµSµ š®º…ºvÛu®±Û.

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u®³™Ô‰±ºu® xï±Áš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Nµ²°gµ‡®±± N®zþ°Ç®ÁNµS®¢ºu® N®²mŠ®±rÙu®±Û. AS®¡® îµ±°OEµ

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y¯u®X¯‹S®¡® u¯‹S®¡®± …oe®¡® î®ãî®›Úq® ‹°r‰±ºu® xï±Á›u®ºs®î®¼ Cu®±Û. CS®¡®ªå

räNµ²°n¯N¯Š®u® oe¯S®² X¹Nµ²°o BN¯Š®u® N®²l®± u¯‹S®¡® š¯Úw®S®¢u®Û. A©åªå …oe®±q®Š®

y®är‡µ²ºu®± Lp‡®±ªå ïý¯©î¯u® …‡®±ªš®Ú¡®S®¡®± Cu®Û. Eu¯ãw®, š®Šµ²°î®Š® N®²y®S®¡®

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yµ°gµ, AºS®m C š®±î®ãî®›Úq®î¯Tu®±Û.

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Ey®š®S®Áî¯u®ºs¯u®±Û. Cªå‡µ±° u®Š®nµ°ºu®äw¯S®w®± Aî®w®w®±Ý Š®¤›u®Ûw®±. Cuµ° N¯Š®ovºu®

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uµ°î¯©‡®±ïu®±Ûu®± N®ºl®± …Š®±q®Ùuµ. „¯Š®oe®±q®, š¯ºY, Aî®±Š¯î®r°, î®±s®±Š¯ îµ²u®OE¯u®

š¯Úw®S®¡®ªå y¯äy®Ùî¯u® þOEµ‡®±ªå NµrÙu® Yq®äS®¡®ªå Š¯cS®³oe®, ý¯äî®›Ù°, ¯o›°,

N®z°©î®š®±Ù, N®±þ°w®S®Š® îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¡® y®äN®³rS®¡®w®±Ý ( ¯lµ©±å ) qµ²°‹š®OE¯Tuµ.

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š®î®±s®Áwµ‡®±± BS®±q®Ùuµ.

Xµ¶q®ã Š®X®wµ :-

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Nµ²l®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. " D Xµ¶q®ã …oe®± y¯äY°w®î®¼. y®½î®Ác‹ºu® Hºuµ²°

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y®q¯NµS®¢ºu® î®±ºmq®î¯Tq®±Ù. Aªå X®î®±Š®S®¡®± q®²S¯l®±rÙu®Û. Aªå Sµ²°þ°Ç®Á î®±q®±Ù š®Š®š®

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S®±ºzSµ° S®±ºyµ° wµŠµvq®±Ù. Aªå …oe®¡® cw®Š®± …ºu®± oeµ²°S®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. cw®Š®± Uµ²°Ç®nµ‡®±w®±Ý

¯m ¯m u¯w®î®x݇®±±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. AX®Áwµ, u®wµ, w®î®±š¯ÊŠ®, y®½bµ, š®q¯ÊŠ®, š®w¯âw®S®¡®±

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