y¯ä¯w®š®º¯u®°‡®±

 bµ¶w® u®Á D AŸºšµ‡®± š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý N®±‹q®± ïX¯Š®î®w®±Ý ¯l®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Au®Š®

îµ±°OEµ oeµ²‹š®±î® Nµ°©î®¼ uµ²°Ç®S®¡®± xî®±±Á©î¯S®±q®Ùîµ: bµ¶w®u®Á uµý®u®ªå

ý®OÙŸ°w®qµ‡®±w®±Ý Eq®Þw®Ý ¯mq®±, Auµ° N¯Š®ovºu® y®Š®O°‡®± BN®äî®±oNµÊ uµ°ý®î®¼ K¡®S¯‰±q®±

Hw®±Ýî® ïX¯Š®S®¡µ©å xŠ¯u¯Š®îµxš®±q®Ùîµ. y¯äY°w®q®î®± N¯©vºu®©² bµ¶w® î®±q®î®w®Ýº†›u®

ï°Š® y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®± BT oeµ²°Tu¯ÛŠµ. A®± q®î®±â u¯ï±ÁN® rÙ‡®±w®²Ý N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²ºmu¯ÛŠµ ;

oe¯S®² ‡µ²°u®q®æ šµ°î¯y®rq®æS®¡®w®±Ý w®lµ‰±›Nµ²ºl®± oeµ²°Tu¯ÛŠµ. Cu®NµÊ Croe¯š®î®¼ š¯£®Èãïuµ.

bµ¶w® Awµ°N¯ºq® u®³™Ô‡®±± Cºs® ²°u¯„¯š®S®¡®w®±Ý y®‹oe®‹›Nµ²ºl®±, q®î®±â N®q®Áî®ãS®¡®ªå

š¯î®±ºcš®ãî®w®±Ý š¯Úz›Nµ²¡®±ëî® Au®²áq® ý®OÙ‡®±w®±Ý q®w®Ý Aw®±‡®¾¯‰±S®¢Sµ Au®± Ku®T›uµ. DS®

w®î®±â uµ°ý®î®¼ ‡®±OÙN® î®ãî®oe¯Š®u®ªå Aǵ԰ AOE¬å, Š¯™ó°‡®± oe¯S®² Aºq®Š¬ Š¯™ó°‡®±

x°rS®¡®w®±Ý xu®Á‹š®±î®ªå‡®±² š®oe® AŸºš¯ q®q®æ î®w®±Ý ¹ªN® Š®²y®u®ªå ›æ°N®‹›uµ. Aºu®

îµ±°OEµ bµ¶w® u®Áu® D ›u¯Ûºq®î®¼ Awµ°N® u®³™Ô‰±ºu® î®±oe®q®æy®½oÁu®± ›u®Üî¯S®±q®Ùuµ.

A©åuµ Cu®Š® š®²£®Èâ Au®㇮±w® oe¯S®² ïX¯Š®u® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‡®±± …oe®¡®™Ôuµ Hº…±u®±

Sµ²q¯ÙS®±q®Ùuµ. Cuµ° š®î®±w®æ‡®¾¯q®âN® Awµ°N¯ºq® ›u¯Üºq®u® Bu¯Š®u® îµ±°OEµ CºvSµ š®±î®¾¯Š®±

Kºl®±î®Šµ š¯ïŠ® î®Ç®ÁS®¡® Ÿºuµ BT oeµ²°u® š®î®±ºq®„®u¯äX¯‡®±ÁŠ®± q®î®±â ' ‡®±N®ñw®±ý¯š®w® '

Hº… oeµš®‹w® S®äºs®u®ªå „¬. î®±oe¯ï°Š® r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š® bµ¶w® ý¯š®w®î®w®±Ý H©å Ay®î¯u®S®¡®w®±Ý

xš®±î® š®îµ½Á°u®‡®± r°s®Áu®± N®Šµvu¯ÛŠµ :-

 

 š®î¯Áy®u¯º Aºq®N®Š®º xŠ®q®º š®îµ½Á°u®‡®±º r°s®Áï±u®±º q®îµ¶î® ||  

 (‡®±±. 61)  

 y¯äY°w® Croe¯š® :-  

 bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡®ªå „®Š®q® î®Ç®Áu® Croe¯š®î®w®±Ý Au®Š® „¹Sµ²°¢N® î®oÁw®u® bµ²qµ‡®±ªå

ï›u®±u®± N®ºl®±…Š®±q®Ùuµ. „¯Š®q®î®¼ cº…²væ°y®u® u®¤o„¯S®u®ªåuµ. Cu®Š® Eq®ÙŠ®u®ªå

Ÿî®±î®q¬ y®î®Áq®ïuµ. î®±u®ãu®ªå ïc‡®¾¯u®ÁT‹‰±uµ. y®þÏî®±u®ªå cx›u® ›ºu®± w®v‡®±±  

oe®‹‡®±±q®Ùuµ. y®½î®Áu®ªå S®ºS¯w®v‡®±± oe®‹‡®±±q®Ùuµ. CS®¢ºu® Eq®ÙŠ® „¯Š®q®î®¼ î®±²Š®±

S®î¯Tuµ. u®¤o „¯Š®q®u®ªå‡®±² y®½î®Á, î®±u®ã, y®þÏî®± vN®±ÊS®¡®ªå î®±²Š®± S®S®¢îµ.

Cîµ° „¯Š®q®u® BŠ®± Qºl®S®¡®± CS®¡®wµÝ°©å Sµu®Û ï°Š®Š®± X®N®äî®rÁ‡µ±º… y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý

oeµ²ºu®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±.

 „¯Š®q®u® Croe¯š®î®¼ …oe®± y¯äY°w® N¯©vºu® BŠ®º„®î¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® y¯äŠ®º†ÃN®

î®oÁwµ‡®± N¯©u®ªå DTw® Bu®±xN® w¯S®‹N®qµ‡®±² š®„®ãqµ‡®±² Cw®²Ý ïN¯š®î®w®²Ý

oeµ²ºvŠ®ª©å, ›ºoe®, î¯ãU®ä, Bwµ, BN®¡®±, Hîµ±â, îµ²u®OE¯u® H©å y®ý®±S®¡®± î®w®u®ªå‡µ±°

CŠ®±rÙu®Û. î®±w®±Ç®ãw®² š®oe® S¯äî®± oe¯S®² w®S®Š®S®¡®ªå š®±rÙŠ®ª©å. A©åuµ N¹h±º†N®

î®ãµÚ‡®±² N®²l® CŠ®ª©å. B N¯©u®ªå cw®Š®± KN®Ê©±q®w® ¯l®±î®¼u®NµÊ N®ªrŠ®ª©å y®ý®± y¯©w®

oe¯S®² Aw®ã Euµ²ã°S®S®¡®² š®oe® cw®‹Sµ Sµ²rÙŠ®ª©å. A®± q®î®±â Boe¯Š®, ý®‹°Š¯X¯Ðu®w®

îµ²u®OE¯u® Aî®ý®ãN®qµS®¡®w®±Ý £®S®¢ºu®OEµ° y®½Šµ¶›Nµ²¡®±ërÙu®ÛŠ®±. Au®N¯ÊT B N¯©u® £®S®¢Sµ

N®©Þ £®S®¡µºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ. N®©Þ£®S®¡®± As¯Áq¬ Cºs® £®S®¡®± î®±w®±Ç®ãw® H©å

 CXµÏ°S®¡®w®²Ý y®½oÁSµ²¢š®±q®Ùªu®Û. AoØ - q®ºT‡®±Šµ° y®r y®r݇®±Š® Š®²y®u®ªå CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±.

q®ºuµ - q¯‰±‡®±ºvŠ®± q®î®±â š®ºq¯w®u® ‡®¾¯î® Eq®ÙŠ®u¯‰±q®æî®w®²Ý Aw®±„®±rÙŠ®ª©å. D

N¯©u®ªå u®Á š¯u®w¯, y®¼oã - y¯y®S®¡® „¯î®wµ îµ²u®OE¯u® „µ²°S® - „®²ï± î®ãµÚ‡µ±ºu®±

oeµ°¢u¯ÛŠµ. ‡®¾¯Nµºu®Šµ BS® î®±±º…Š®±î® N®î®±Á„®²ï±Sµ š®º…ºvÛu® N®³™ oe¯S®² Cq®Š®

Euµ²ã°S® îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¡® î®ãµÚ‡®± A„¯î®ïq®±Ù.

 

 N®äî®±vºu® B î®ãµÚ‡®±ªå …u®OE¯î®nµ‡®±± B‰±q®±. y®¼Š¯oN¯Š®Š®± oeµ°¡®±î® N®î®±Á„®²ï±‡®±

 Eu®‡®±î¯‰±q®±. D ‡®±±S®NµÊ w¯î®¼ Bu®±xN®‡®±±S®u® š®„®ãqµ‡®± y¯äŠ®º„®N¯©îµºu®± oeµ°¡®±qµÙ°îµ.

 D ‡®±±S®î®w®±Ý ïN¯š®Sµ²¢›u® oe®vw¯©±Ê î®±oe¯y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®w®²Ý î®±xÝš®OE¯Tuµ. Cw®Š®w®±Ý N®±©ºN®Š®

 C©åîµ î®±w®±S®¡µºu®± N®Šµ‡®±OE¯Tuµ. C®± N®äî®±vºu® q®î®±â q®î®±â N¯©S®¡®ªå cw®‹Sµ Ÿºš®ä

 y®ý®±S®¢ºu® q®î®±âw®±Ý Š®¤›Nµ²¡®±ëî® ïu¯w®î®w®±Ý oeµ°¢Nµ²hÔŠ®±. „®²ï± oe¯S®² £®S®¡®

 îµ¶‡®±OÙN® š¯æï±q®æu® ›°îµ±S®¡®w®±Ý xu®Á‹› oeµ°¢u®Š®±. Bwµ îµ²u®OE¯u®  

î®w®ã y®ý®±S®¡®w®±Ý š¯O, AS®¡®w®±Ý î¯oe®w®S®¡®ºqµ Ey®‡µ²°Tš®±î®¼u®w®±Ý N®ª›u®Š®±. î®±N®Ê¡®

OE¯©w®y¯©wµ oe¯S®² w¯î®±N®Š®oS®¡® ï®S®¡®w®±Ý oeµ°¢Nµ²hÔŠ®±. X®¢, î®±¡µ

 îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¢ºu® q®î®±â Š®£®nµ‡®±w®±Ý ¯mNµ²¡®±ëî® N®äî®±î®w®±Ý š®²Y›u®Š®±. w®vS®¡®w®±Ý

 w¹NµS®¡® „µŠ®ïxºu® u¯h±î®¼u®NµÊ y®î®Áq®S®¢Sµ îµ±iÔ©±S®¡®w®±Ý ¯m îµ±°OEµŠ®±î®¼u®N®²Ê,

 î®±¡µS¯©u®ªå Z®q¯ävS®¢ºu® Š®£®nµ‡®±w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®ªN®²Ê, Cîµ° îµ²u®OE¯u® oe®©î¯Š®±

 ïÇ®‡®±S®¡®w®±Ý N®ª›u®Š®±. Nµ²wµ‡®±ªå N®³™‡®±ªå Boe¯Š®î®w®±Ý Eq®Þw®Ý ¯l®±î® N®OEµ‡®±w®±Ý

 oeµ°¢Nµ²hÔŠ®±. Au®Š® q®Š®±î¯‡®± î¯pcã, þOE¯ÞvS®¡®± y®äX¯Š®u®ªå …ºu®î®¼. D H©å N®OEµ

 oe¯S®² Euµ²ã°S®S®¡®± Eq®Þw®Ýî¯u®±u®‹ºu® D „®²ï±‡®±± N®î®±Á„®²ï±‡µ±º… oeµš®Š®w®±Ý

 oeµ²ºvq®±.  

 oe®vw¯©±Ê cw® N®±©ºN®Š®Š® q®Š®±î¯‡®± N®î®±Á„®²ï±‡®± š®„®ãqµ‡®± ‡®±±S®u®ªå

u®Á°y®uµ°ý®vºu®©² q®î®±â X¯‹q®ävºu®©² K¡µë‡®±u¯î®¼u®± NµhÔu®± ‡®¾¯î®¼u®± Hº…

„µ°u®î®w®±Ý cw®qµSµ N®ª›u®ºs® î®±oe¯y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®± AŠ®î®q®±Ù î®±²Š®± cw®Š®± BT oeµ²°u®Š®±. C®±

ý®OE¯N¯y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®±. C®± ïýµ°Ç® S®ox°‡®± y®¼Š®±Ç®Šµºu®± î®±w®ÝnµSµ y¯q®äŠ¯Tu¯ÛŠµ. C®

X®‹qµäS®¡µ° bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡®ªå î®pÁq®Sµ²ºmîµ. D räÇ®™Õ ý®OE¯N¯ y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®ªå Cy®Þq®±Ùw¯©±Ê

r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®±, oe®wµÝ°Š®l®± X®N®äî®rÁS®¡®±, Kº„®q®±Ù …©„®u®äŠ®±, Kº„®q®±Ù w¯Š¯‡®±oŠ®± î®±q®±Ù

Kº„®q®±Ù y®ärw¯Š¯‡®±oŠ®± š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®Sµ²¡®±ëq¯ÙŠµ.

A® oeµš®Š®±S®¡®± Ÿ°Tîµ :-  

 24 r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š®± :- 1- G±Ç®„®, 2- Adq®, 3- š®º„®î®, 4- A†Ãw®ºu®w®, 5-

š®±î®±r, 6- y®u®ây®ä„®, 7- š®±y¯ý®æÁ, 8- X®ºu®äy®ä„®, 9- y®¼Ç®Þu®ºq®, 10- þ°q®©, 11-

ýµä°‡®¾¯ºš®, 12 - ®±y®½cã, 13- ïî®±© , 14- Aw®ºq®, 15- u®Á, 16- ý¯ºr,

17- N®±ºs®±, 18- AŠ®oe®, 19- î®±ªå, 20- î®±±xš®±î®äq®, 21- w®ï±, 22- wµ°ï±, 23-

y¯ý®æÁw¯s®, 24- î®u®Á¯w® As®î¯ î®±oe¯ï°Š®.  

 12 X®N®äî®rÁ :- 25- „®Š®q®, 26- š®S®Š®, 27- î®±U®î¯, 28-š®w®q¬ N®±î®¾¯Š®, 29-

ý¯ºr, 30-N®±ºs®±, 31-AŠ®oe®, 32- š®±„¹, 33-y®u®â, 34- oe®‹Çµ°o, 35 - c‡®±šµ°w®,

36 - …äoe®âu®q®Ù.  

 9 …©„®u®äŠ®± :- 37-AX®©, 38-ïc‡®±, 39-„®u®ä, 40- š®±y®ä„®, 41- š®±u®ý®Áw®,

42- Bw®ºu®, 43- w®ºu®w®, 44- y®u®â, 45-Š¯î®±.  

 9 ®±uµ°î®Š®± :- 49-räy®³Ç®Õ, 47- væy®³™Õ, 48-š®æ‡®±º„®², 49- y®¼Š®±Çµ²q®Ùî®±,

50- y®¼Š®±Ç®›ºoe®, 51-y®¼Š®±Ç®y®¼ºl®‹°N®, 52-u®q®Ù, 53-w¯Š¯‡®±o, 54-N®³Ç®Ø.

 

 9-y®är®±uµ°î®Š®± :- 55-Aý®æTä°î®, 56-q¯Š®N®, 57- îµ±°Š®N®, 58-î®±u®±, 59-

xý®±º„®, 60-…ª, 61-y®äoe¯åu®, 63-Š¯î®o, 63- cŠ¯š®ºu®.

 

Bvr°s®ÁºN®Š® î®±q®±Ù î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±x :-

 

 D räÇ®™Õ ý®OE¯N¯ y®¼Š®±Ç®Š®ªå îµ²hÔ îµ²u®ªw®î®Š®± bµ¶w®Š® Bvr°s®ÁºN®Š®Š¯u®

G±Ç®„®w¯q®‹u¯ÛŠµ. Cºu® bµ¶w®u®Áu® y¯äŠ®º„®±qµºu®± î®±xÝš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. C® cw®â

oe®vw¯©±Ê N®±©ºN®Š®Š®ªå Nµ²wµ‡®±î®w¯u® w¯†°AÁŠ®Ä¾¯ N®±©ºN®Š®Š®± oe¯S®² Aî®w® y®r݇®¾¯u®

î®±Š®±uµ°ï‰±ºu® B‰±q®±. q®w®Ý q®ºuµ‡®± î®±³q®±ãïw® q®Š®±î¯‡®± Cî®w®± Š¯cã ›ºoe¯š®w®î®w®±Ý

I‹u®w®±. Cî®w®± N®³™, A›, î®±›, þ©Þ, î¯pcã, î®±q®±Ù ïu¯ã D BŠ®± d°î®w® š¯u®w®u®

ïu®ãS®¡®w®±Ý ïýµ°Ç® Š®²y®vºu® î®ãµÚSµ²¢›u®w®± ; Au®Š®ºqµ‡µ±° uµ°ý® oe¯S®² w®S®Š® î®oÁ

oe¯S®² b¯r îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¡® š®±ï„®cwµ‡®±w®²Ý ¯mu®w®±. Cî®xSµ „®Š®q®, „¯oe®±…ªS®¡µºu®±

C…àŠ®± î®±N®Ê¡®±. „¯äŸâ, š®±ºu®‹ Hº†…àŠ®± oeµo±Ø î®±N®Ê¡®±. CSµ G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w®± š®î®±š®Ù N®OEµ

oe¯S®² ïuµãS®¡®w®±Ý N®ª›u®w®±. Kºu®± vw® Dq®w® Š¯cš®„µ‡®±ªå x°OE¯ºcw¯ Hº…

uµ°î®w®q®ÁO‡®±± w®rÁš®±rÙŠ®±î¯S®OEµ° î®±Š®o oeµ²ºvu®¡®±. D u®±U®Áhwµ‰±ºu® G±Ç®„®uµ°î®xSµ

š®ºš¯Š®u®ªå Š¯S®ã Eq®Þw®Ý±q®±. Aî®w®± Š¯cãî®w®±Ý q¯ãS®î®¾¯m q®y®š®±é ¯l®©± î®w®NµÊ

qµŠ®¢u®w®±. BS® Cî®w® Ÿ‹‡®± î®±S®w¯u® „®Š®q®w®± Š¯cw¯u®w®±. Aî®w®± q®w®Ý vTæc‡®±vºu®

îµ²hÔ îµ²u®©wµ‡®± š®© X®N®äî®rÁ y®u®î®w®±Ý š®ºy¯v›u®w®±. Aî®w® O‹‡®± q®î®±âw¯u®

„¯oe®±…ª‡®±² N®Ùw¯T q®y®Þ›éw®ªå qµ²l®Tu®w®±.  

 bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡®ªå G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® d°î®w®, q®y®Þš®±é, Nµ°î®© b¯Ów®y¯äzÙ oe¯S®²

u®Á°y®uµ°ý®S®¡® ïš®Ùȳq® î®oÁwµ‡®±± …Š®±q®Ùuµ. bµ¶w®Š®± D N¯©u®ªå‡µ±° q®î®±â u®Áu®

Eu®‡®±î¯‰±qµºu®± r¢‡®±±q¯ÙŠµ. G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® N¯©î®w®±Ý Aw®±î®¾¯x› N®koî¯Tuµ. Aî®w®

N¯©u® y¯äY°w®qµ‡®± î®oÁwµ‡®±w®±Ý bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡®± š¯S®Š®u® y®ä¯ou®ªå oeµ°¡®±qµÙ°îµ.

š¹„¯S®ãvºu® G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® d°î®w® X®‹qµä‡®±² bµ¶w® š¯Ÿq®ãu®©åǵ԰ A©å. vN®

š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå‡®±² ©†Ãš®±q®Ùuµ. „¯S®î¯q¬ y®¼Š¯ou® Ju®wµ‡®± š®Êºu®u®ªå îµ²u®ªw® BŠ®±

Au¯㇮±S®¡®ªå G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® ý® d°î®w® î®±q®±Ù q®Þý®ÏŠ®oS®¡® q¯Ùºq®î®¼ î®pÁq®î¯Tuµ. Au®±

î®±±Qã š®ºS®rS®¡®ªå bµ¶w® y®¼Š¯oS®¡® š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý Aw®±š®‹š®±q®Ùuµ. Au®Š®ªå‡®±² Cî®w® q®ºuµ -

q¯‡®±ºvŠ® oeµš®Š®±S®¡®± w¯†Ã, î®±Š®±uµ°ï‡®±Šµ°ºu®± oeµ°¢uµ. A©åuµ G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w®±

š®æ‡®±º„®²î®±w®±ïxºu® Ju®wµ‡®± q®OEµ‡®±î®wµºu®± EOEµå°R›uµ. š®æ‡®±º„®²î®±w®±, z䇮±î®äq®,

ATÝ°u®ä, w¯†Ã, î®±q®±Ù G±Ç®„® q®w®Ý Ÿ‹‡®± î®±S®w¯u® „®Š®q®xSµ Š¯cãî®w®±Ý KzÞ›, š®w¯ãš®î®w®±Ý

›æ°N®‹›u®w®±. Aî®w®± w®S®Ýî¯TŠ®±rÙu®Ûw®±. Aî®w® oe®rÙŠ® Nµ°î®© ý®‹°Š® ¯q®äïq®±Ù. cw®Š®±

rŠ®š®Ê‹›u®Š®², N®h±î®X®w®S®¢ºu® „µ¶u®Š®², oeµ²lµu®Š®² N®²l® ¹w®î¯T‡µ±°

q®y®š®éw¯ÝX®‹š®±rÙu®Ûw®±. q®w®Ý N®jµ²°Š®q®y®›éxºu® Aî®w®± Nµ¶î®©ãî®w®±Ý oeµ²ºvu®w®±. Cî®w®± u®¤o

N®w¯ÁhN®u®î®ŠµSµ w¯w¯ y®äuµ°ý®S®¡®ªå ïoe®‹›u®w®±. Cî®w®± N®±hN¯X®© y®î®Áq®u® î®w®u®ªå

Ew®Ýq®Ùw®ºqµ w®S®Ý Š®²y®vºu® ïoe®‹š®±rÙu®Ûw®±. BS® †vŠ®± î®±¡µ‰±ºu® î®w®NµÊ „µºO oe®rÙq®±.

Au®Š®ªå‡µ±° Aî®w®± q¯wµ° „®š®âî¯T oeµ²°u®w®±.

 

 G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® D X®‹qµä‡®±w®±Ý Nµ°¢ Nµ²ºN®, N® î®±q®±Ù N®±hN®S®¡® Š¯cw¯u® Aoe®Áw¬

N®ª‡®±±S®u®ªå q®w®Ý CXµÐ‰±ºu® Cuµ° u®Áî®w®±Ý y®î®³rÙš®±î®wµºu®± îµ²u®OE¯T‡®±² Auµ°

„®S®î¯q¬ y®¼Š¯o ïš®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®‹ºu® CxÝÇ®±Ô š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯S®±q®Ùuµ. „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou®

q¯q®Þ‡®±Á bµ¶w®y®¼Š¯oS®¡®± î®pÁ›u® r°s®ÁºN®Š® G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® ïÇ®‡®±îµ° BTuµ î®±q®±Ù

Aoe®Áw¬ Š¯cxºu® y®äX¯Š®Sµ²ºl® u®Á bµ¶w®u®Áîµ° BTuµ. Cw®²Ý „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯o

oe¯S®² vN® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± Aw®ã y¯äY°w® S®äºs®S®¡®ªå G±Ç®„®uµ°î®xSµ š®º…ºvÛu® š®ºS®rS®¡®±  

CwµÝ°w¯u®Š®² …Š®±q®Ùµ²° Hº…±u®w®±Ý x‹°¤š®±î® Aî®ý®ãN®qµ‡®±± Cuµ. „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou®ªå

Ÿ°Sµ oeµ°¢uµ :-

 

 " …ŸÁ™ q®›âwµÝ°î® ïÇ®±Øu®q®Ù „®S®î¯w¬ y®Š®î®±™Á†Ã» y®äš¯vqµ²° w¯„µ°»z䇮±

YOÇ®Á‡®¾¯ q®u®î®Šµ²°u¯‡®±wµ îµ±°Š®±uµ°î¯ãº u®¯Áw¬ u®ý®Á‰±q®±N¯îµ²° î¯q®Š®ý®w¯w¯º

ý®äî®±n¯w¯î®¾¬ G±¤°n¯î®¾¬ Fu®æÁ î®±xÚw¯º ý®±N®å‡®¾¯ q®w¯æî®q® q¯Šµ ! "

 

 („¯. y®ä. 5-3-20)

 

 " y®Š®î®± G±™S®¢ºu® ‡®±cÓu®ªå y®äš®w®ÝSµ²¢›u® îµ±°OEµ, oeµ° ïÇ®±Ø u®q®Ù, y®‹°¤q®, š®æ‡®±º

§° „®S®î¯w¬ [ïÇ®±Ø] w®± w¯†Ã‡®±w®±Ý z䇮±Sµ²¢š®±î®¼u®N¯ÊT Aî®w® Š¯p°î¯š®u®ªå

î®±oe¯Š¯p‡®¾¯u® îµ±°Š®²uµ°ï‡®± S®„®Áu®ªå …ºu®w®±. Aî®w®± D y®ïq®ä ý®‹°Š®u®ªå

Aî®q¯Š®î®w®±Ý î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ ý®äî®±o G±™S®¡® u®Áî®w®±Ý y®äN®hSµ²¢š®±î® CXµÐ‰±ºu® S®äoe®o

¯mu®w®±.  

 „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou® D N®s®w®u®ªå î®±±Qãî¯T HŠ®l®± š®ºS®rS®¡®± ïýµ°Ç® S®î®±w® Nµ²l®ªNµÊ

q®N®ÊS®¡¯Tîµ. AS®¡®ªå „®S®î¯w¬ G±Ç®„®uµ°î®xSµ „¯Š®r°‡®± š®º›ör‡®±ªå š¯Úw®î®¼ Kºu®±.

Aî®w® y¯äY°w®qµ oe¯S®² š¯Ÿq®ãN® y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡µ²l®xŠ®±î® xN®h î®±q®±Ù î®±oe®q®æy®½oÁ š®º…ºu®

Cwµ²Ý°ºu¯Tuµ. G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® ¯w®ãqµ oe¯S®² y®½bµãqµS®¡® š®º…ºu®u®ªå bµ¶w®Š®ªå‡®±²

Ÿºu®±S®¡®ªå‡®±² ‡®¾¯î® î®±q®„µ°u® C©å…±uµ²ºu®± î®±Qã š®ºS®r‡®¾¯Tuµ. G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w®±

bµ¶w®Š® Bv r°s®ÁºN®Š®Š¯Tu®Ûºqµ Ÿºu®±S®¢Sµ š¯£¯q¬ „®S®î¯w¬ ïÇ®±Øïw® Aî®q¯Š®w¯Tu¯Ûwµ.

Aî®w® Dý®æŠ®î®q¯Š®u® ¯w®ãqµ‡®±± y¯äY°w® N¯©u®ªå‡µ±° …oe®± ›ÚŠ®Sµ²ºmq®±Ù.

þî®î®±oe¯y®¼Š¯ou®ªå‡®±² N®²l® Aî®w®w®±Ý þî®w® Cy®ÞqµÙºh± ‡µ²°S¯î®q¯Š®S®¡®ªå

š®î®¾¯îµ°ý®î®¾¯l®OE¯Tuµ. [þî®î®±oe¯y®¼Š¯o, 7.2.9] Cwµ²Ý°ºu®± š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý „¯î®¼

S®î®±xš®„µ°N®±. G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® Aî®q¯Š®î®¼ Š¯î®± î®±q®±Ù N®³Ç®ØŠ® Aî®q¯Š®S®¢Tºq®©² y®½î®ÁuµÛºu®±

î®±xÝš®OE¯S®±q®Ùuµ. D Aî®q¯Š®u® ‡®¾¯î® EuµÛ°ý®î®w®±Ý „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯o EOEµå°Rš®±î®¼uµ²°  

Au®‹ºu® ý®äî®±o u®Á y®Š®ºy®Šµ‡®± š®º…ºu® „¯Š®r°‡®± š¯Ÿq®ãu® y¯äY°w®q®î®± S®äºs®î¯u®

G±Sµæ°u®uµ²l®wµ x»š®ºuµ°oe®î¯T oeµ²ºu®±q®Ùuµ. G±Ç®„¯î®q¯Š®u® oeµ°q®±î®¼ î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ ý®äî®±o

G±™S®¡® u®Áî®w®±Ý y®äN®hSµ²¢š®±î®¼uµºu®± oeµ°¡®OE¯Tuµ. „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou®ªå Cu®w®²Ý oeµ°¢uµ

:-

 

 " A‡®±î®±î®q¯Šµ²° Š®cšµ²°y®y®¼Èåq® - Nµ¶î®OEµ²ã°y® þ£®n¯s®Á» "  

 („¯.y®¼. 5-6-12)  

As¯Áq¬ „®S®î®ºq®w® D Aî®q¯Š®î®¼ Š®bµ²°S®±ovºu® N®²mu® cw®qµSµ Nµ¶î®©ã „µ²u®î®w®±Ý

x°l®±î®¼u®NµÊ B‰±q®±. Cw®±Ý îµ±°OEµ N¯p›u® î¯N®ãu® As®Á Ÿ°S®² BS®±î®¼u®±ºh± :- ' D

Aî®q¯Š®î®¼ Š®cvºu® Ey®y®¼Èåq® As¯Áq¬ Š®bµ²°u¯Š®o [î®±©u¯Š®o] rÙ‰±ºu® Nµ¶î®©ãî®w®±Ý

š®ºy¯vš®±î® þ£®oî®w®±Ý Nµ²l®±î®¼u¯ÛN¯ÊT BTq®±Ù. ' bµ¶w® î®±±xS®¡® BX¯Š®u®ªå Aš¯Ýw® Au®ºq®

u¯î®w®, î®±©y®‹°Ç®oe® îµ²u®OE¯u®î®¼S®¢ºu® Š®bµ²°u¯Š®o š®º‡®±î®±u® Aî®ý®ãN® Aî®±S®îµºu®±

›æ°N®‹š®OE¯Tuµ. …±u®Ûw® š®î®±‡®±u®ªå‡®±² Š®bµ²°‡®±±N®Ù ý®äî®±oŠ®± Cu®ÛŠ®±. „®S®î¯w¬ …±u®Üw®±

ý®äî®±oŠ® BX¯Š® y®än¯ª‡®±ªå î®ãµÚ‡®±w®±Ýºh±î®¾¯l®±q®Ù K⠟°Sµ oeµ°¢u®Ûw®± :-

 

 " w¯oe®» †ÃN®Ëî® š®ºU¯hN®š®ã š®ºU¯hu¯Š®oî®±qµÙ°w® š¯î®±W y®u¯ï± AXµ°© N®š®é

AXµ°©N® î®±qµÙ°w® Š®bµ²°cªåN®š®ã Š®bµ²°cªåN® î®±qµÙ°w®. ch©N®š®ã cg¯u¯Š®o î®±qµÙ°w®

š¯î®±Wκ î®u¯ï± || "  

 (y¯dÐî®±¡®N¯‡®± 40)  

As¯Áq¬ HOEµ¶ †Ã£®±N®Šµ°, „¹u®Ü †Ã£®±N®w®± u®‹š®±î® ®ôî®w®±Ý u¯Š®o ¯l®±î®¼u®‹ºu® ¯q®ä

A®w®±Ý w¯w®± ý®äî®±oŠµºu®± š®º„µ²°vÚ®OE¯Šµ. AXµ°©N®Š®w®±Ý AXµ°©N®q®æ ¯q®ävºu®,

Š®bµ²°cªåN®q®æ ¯q®ävºu® cg¯u¯‹S®¡®w®±Ý cg¯u¯Š®o ¯q®ävºu® ý®äî®±oŠµºu®±

oeµ°¡®©N¯ÊS®u®±.  

 Cªå Cwµ²Ý°ºu®± y®äýµÝ°‡®±± Eu®áïš®±î®¼u®±. î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® u®Áî®w®±Ý

š¯Úzš®±î®¼u®± ; Au®Š®ºqµ Š®bµ²°cªåN® rÙ‰±ºu® Nµ¶î®©ãî®w®±Ý š®ºî¯vš®±î®¼u®± - CS®¡®w®±Ý

„µ²°vÚ®±î®¼u®N¯ÊT G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® Aî®q¯Š®î¯‰±q®±. D š®ºS®r‡®±± „¯Š®r‡®± š¯Ÿq®ãu®ªå

Hºvxºu® EOEµå°QSµ²ºmuµ ? D y®äýµÝ°S¯T w¯î®¼ „¯Š®q®u® y¯äY°w®q®î®± S®äºs®S®¡¯u®

îµ°u®S®¡®w®±Ý Aî®OEµ²°Oš®„µ°N®±. Aªå‡®±² N®²l® î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® EOEµå°Q Awµ°N®

š®Ú¡®S®¡®ªå wµ²°l®ªNµÊ ›N®±Êq®Ùuµ.

 

 G±Sµæ°u®u® î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¢Sµ š®º…ºvÛu® G±XµS®¡®ªå B î®±±xS®¡® š¯u®wµ‡®±

ï®î®½ Eºh±. Au®w®±Ý Cªå S®î®±xš®±î®¼u®± ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tuµ. Kºu®± š®²N®Ùu® Nµ©î®¼ G±XµS®¡®w®±Ý

wµ²°lµ²°o :-

 

î®±±x‡µ²° î¯q®Š®ý®w¯» zý®ºS¯ ®qµ° î®±OE¯ |  

î¯q®š¯ãw®± u¯ädº ‡®±ºr ‡®±uµÛ°î¯šµ²° A£®q® ||  

Ew®âvq¯ ¹wµ‡µ±°w® î¯q¯» Bq®› ¯ ®±î®¾¬ |  

ý®‹°Š®u®š¯âN®º ‡®±²‡®±º î®±q¯Ášµ²° A†Ã y®ý®ãs® ||  

(G±Sµæ°u® 10-136, 2-3)

 

 ïu¯æºš®Š®± ïïu® ‹°r‰±ºu® y®ä‡®±rÝ›u®Š®² Cw®²ÝµSµ îµ°u®S®¢Sµ x»š®ºuµ°oe®

Š®²y®vºu® As®Áî®w®±Ý ïš®ªNµÊ BT©å. Bu®Š®² š¯‡®±o „¯Ǯãu® š®oe¯‡®±vºu® w¯w®± D

îµ±°OE¯Êp›u® G±XµS®¡® As®Áî®w®±Ý Ÿ°Sµ ¯l®±qµÙ°wµ :- Ar°ºv䇮¾¯s®Áu®þÁ.

î¯q®Š®ý®w¯î®±±xS®¡®± î®±©u¯Š®o ¯l®±q¯ÙŠµ. Au®‹ºu® A®± zºS®© î®oÁu®î®Š¯T

N¯o±q¯ÙŠµ. ‡®¾¯î¯S® A®± ý¯æšµ²°X¯ÏÉæš®u® S®r‡®±w®±Ý y¯änµ²°y¯š®wµ‡®± î®±²©N® u¯Š®o

¯l®±î®Šµ²° - As¯Áq¬ q®lµu®± Ÿm‡®±±î®Šµ²° - BS® A®± q®î®±â y®u®u® î®±Ÿîµ±‰±ºu®

uµ¶v°y®ã¯w®Š¯T uµ°î®qµS®¡® š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý oeµ²ºu®±q¯ÙŠµ. š®î®±š®Ù OE¹ON® î®ãî®oe¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý

 q®ãd› w¯î®¼ ¹w® rÙ‰±ºu® Ew®âq®Ùî®q¬ [Eq®öÇ®Ô Bw®ºu® š®Ÿq®] ®±± „¯î®î®w®±Ý [Aý®‹°Š®

u¯ãw®î®³rÙ‡®±w®±Ý ] oeµ²ºu®±qµÙ°îµ. x°î®¼ - š¯u¯Š®o î®±w®±Ç®ãŠ®± - w®î®± „¯oe®ã ý®‹°Š®î®w®±Ý

¯q®ä N¯o±rÙ°‹. w®î®±â xcî¯u® Bºq®‹°N® š®æŠ®²y®î®w®±Ý N¯o±î®¼v©å. (Ÿ°Sµ B î¯q®Š®ý®w¯

î®±±xS®¡®± y®äN®h¯l®±q¯ÙŠµ.)

 

 G±Sµæ°u®u®ªå îµ±°ªw® G±XµS®¡® bµ²qµ‡®±ªå ' Nµ°þ‡®± š®±Ùr‡®±w®±Ý ¯l®OE¯Tuµ -  

 Nµ°q®ãTݺ Nµ°þ° ïÇ®º Nµ°þ° †„®rÁ Šµ²°u®›° |  

 Nµ°þ° ïý®æº š®Þu®³ýµ Nµ°þ°u®º bµ²ã°rŠ®±X®ãqµ |  

 (G±Sµæ°l®Ì 10, 136, 1)  

 Nµ°þ‡®±± ATÝ, c©, oe¯S®² š®æS®Á î®±q®±Ù y®³tæS®¡®w®±Ý u¯Š®o ¯l®±q¯Ùwµ. Nµ°þ‡®±±

š®î®±š®Ù ïý®æu® q®q®æS®¡® u®ý®Áw® ¯l®±q¯Ùwµ. Nµ°þ‡µ±° y®äN¯ý®î®¾¯w¬ [b¯Ów®-] bµ²ã°r [Nµ°î®©

b¯Óx°] ‡µ±xš®±q¯Ùwµ.  

 Nµ°þ‡®± D š®±Ùr‡®±± îµ±°OEµ oeµ°¢u® î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® î®oÁw¯vS®¡®ªå …Š®±q®Ùuµ.

Cu®‹ºu® Nµ°þ‡®±± î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® î®oÁwµ‡®± y®äu¯w® AºS®î¯Tu®Ûwµºu®± Sµ²q¯ÙS®±q®Ùuµ.

 

 G±Sµæ°u®u® D Nµ°þ° î®±q®±Ù î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® š¯u®wµ‡®±w®²Ý „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou®ªå

EOEµå°QSµ²ºl® î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ ý®äî®±oG±™ oe¯S®² A® AvÃw¯‡®±N®w¯u® G±Ç®„®uµ°î® oe¯S®²

Aî®w® š¯u®wµS®¡®w®±Ý q®±©wµ ¯m wµ²°l®©± ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tîµ. G±Sµæ°u®u® î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±x î®±q®±Ù

„¯S®î®q®u® ' î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ ý®äî®±o G±™ ' C®± Kºuµ° š®ºy®äu¯‡®±î®w®±Ý š®²Yš®±q¯ÙŠµ. Cu®Š®ªå

‡®¾¯‹S®² ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š® š®ºuµ°oe®î®w®²Ý î®ãN®ÙSµ²¢š®©± Aî®N¯ý®î®¼ N®ºl®±…Š®±î®¼v©å. Nµ°þ°

Hº…±u®Š® As®Á Nµ°ý®u¯‹° Hºu¯S®±q®Ùuµ. Cu®Š® As®Áî®w®±Ý š¯‡®±n¯X¯‡®±ÁŠ®± ' Nµ°ý® š¯

x°‡®± Š®þâS®¡®w®±Ý u¯Š®o ¯l®±î®ºs®î®Š®± ' - Hºu®± ¯mu¯ÛŠµ. Cu®‹ºu® š®²‡®±Á Hº…

As®Áî®w®±Ý š®²Y›u¯ÛŠµ. Bu®Šµ Cu®Š®ªå ‡®¾¯î® š¯s®ÁN®qµ‡®±± C©å A©åuµ î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡®  

š®ºS®r‡µ²l®wµ oeµ²ºvNµ‡®¾¯S®±î®¼u®± C©å. A® š¯u®wµ‡®±w®±Ý î®pÁš®±î® š®²N®Ùu®ªå Cu®±

…ºvuµ. Nµ°þ°‡®±± š®ÞÇ®Ôî¯T î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ î®±±xS®¡® AvÃw¯‡®±N®wµ° BS®±q¯Ùwµ. Aî®w® š¯u®wµ‡®±ªå

î®±©u¯Š®o, ¹w®î®³rÙ î®±q®±Ù Ew¯âu® „¯î®S®¡® î®oÁwµ‡®±± ïýµ°Ç®î¯Tuµ. Auµ° š®²N®Ùu®ªå

î®±±ºuµ Aî®wµ° ' î®±±xuµÁ°î®š®ã uµ°î®š®ã š¹N®³q¯ã‡®± š®P¯Ÿq®» ' (G±Sµæ°u® 10,136,4)

As¯Áq¬ uµ°î®, uµ°î®qµS®¢Sµ î®±±x‡®±± Ey®N¯‹° oe¯S®² Ÿq®N¯‹° š®Qwµºu®± oeµ°¢uµ.

î¯q®Š®ý®w¯ ý®…Ûu®ªå î®±q®±Ù î®±©Š®²z° ®w® u¯Š®o ¯mu®î®Šµº…±u®Š®ªå A® w®S®ÝrÙ‡®±

š®ºNµ°q®î®½ Cuµ°. Cu®Šµ²l®wµ „¯S®î®q¬ y®¼Š¯ou®ªå …Š®±î® G±Ç®„®uµ°î®w® î®oÁwµ‡®±w®±Ý q®±©wµ

¯m wµ²°l®„µ°N®±.

 

 " Eî®Á‹q® - ý®‹°Š®î®¾¯q®ä - y®‹S®äoe® Ew®âq®Ù Cî® S®S®w® - y®‹u¯w®» y®äO°oÁ Nµ°ý®»

Bq¯âw¯ãŠµ²°zq¯oe®î®x°‡µ²° …äoe¯âî®q¯Áq¬ y®äî®y¯äc | cl¯ºu® - î®±²N® - …vÊ® -

zý¯Xµ²°w¯âu®N®î®u¬ Aî®u®²q®îµ°Çµ²° A†Ã„¯Ǯã ¯nµ²° z cw¯w¯º S®³Ÿ°q® ¹w®î®³q®»

q®²™Î°º …„®²î® | . . y®Š¯S®î®©î®±à¯w®N®±h© - ci°© - N®zý® - Nµ°ý®„®²‹ - „¯Š®»

Aî®u®²q® - î®±ªw® - xcý®‹°Šµ°o S®äoe®S®Ÿ°q® Cî¯u®³ý®ãq® |

 

 („¯ . y®¼. 5, 6 ; 28 - 31 )  

 As¯Áq¬ G²Ç®„® „®S®î¯w®w® ý®‹°Š® ¯q®ä y®‹S®äoe®î®¼ E¢vq®±Ù. Aî®w®± Ew®âq®Š®ºqµ

vS®º…Š® ǯu¯‹‡®±², Nµu®‹u® N®²u®©±S®¢ºu® N®²mu®î®w®², Boe®î®x°‡®± AT݇®±w®±Ý q®w®Ýªå

u¯Š®o ¯m, …äoe¯âî®q®Á uµ°ý®vºu® y®äî®äcÓî®w®± oeµ²ºvu®w®±. Aî®w®± cl® Aºu® î®±²N®

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