Au¯㇮± : HŠ®l®±

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® š¯u®wµ‡®± y®¤wµ²°h

1. Au¯ãy®w® £µ°q®ä

2. S®äºs® š®ºy¯u®w®, š®ºýµ²°u®w® Œµ°Qw® £µ°q®ä

3. y®‹Ç®q®±Ù-š®îµ±â°©w®-š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡® £µ°q®ä

4. š®ºš¯Úy®w® £µ°q®ä

2. l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® š¯u®wµ‡®± y®¤wµ²°h

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® Cm° d°î®w®u® î®±œ®q®æu® U®hÔS®¡®w®²Ý, A® ‡®±OÙN® d°î®w®u® œ®©î®¼ Co±N®± wµ²°hS®¡®w®²Ý N®ºl® q®Š®±î¯‡®±, A®± Sµ¶u® š¯u®wµ‡®±w®±Ý š®²Ú©î¯T Nµ¡®Tw® £µ°q®äS®¡®ªåu®Ûºqµ w®î®±â î®±w®u® î®±±ºvh±ÔNµ²ºl®± Kºuµ²ºu¯T ï®î¯T r¢u®± Nµ²¡®±ëî¯ :

1. Au¯ãy®w® £µ°q®ä

2. š®ºýµ²°u® Œµ°Qw®, S®äºs® š®ºy¯u®w® £µ°q®ä

3. y®‹Ç®q®±Ù-š®îµ±â°©w®-š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡® £µ°q®ä

4. š®ºš¯Úy®w® £µ°q®ä

1. Au¯ãy®w® £µ°q®ä :

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± Š¯b¯Š¯î®± N¯Œµdw®ªå‡µ±° y¯äN®³q® y¯äu¯ãy®N®Š¯T 32 ®±Ç®S®¡® (1930-1962) v°U®« î®±q®±Ù AQºl® šµ°îµ š®ªå›u®Š®±. BTw® Hy¬, ®¾¬, (y®š®Ô« C‡®±Š¬) vºu® H¬ H. µSµ (Cwµ²Ý…à y®äu¯ãy®N®Š®± î®±q®±Ù K…à h²ãhŠ® Aµ²ºvSµ) H©å q®Š®S®rS®¡®ªå‡®±² N®ªš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. A® î®S®«S®¡®± As®î¯ N¯åš®±S®¡®± Aq®ãºq® x‡®±ï±q® î®±q®±Ù þš®±Ù…u®Ûî¯TŠ®±rÙu®Û. A®± S®ºgµ „¯‹š®±î® q®l®îµ î®S®«u®ªå N¯ªl®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. A® Ey®w¯ãš®S®¡®± š®±š®ÞÇ®Ô. Euµ²à°u®N® î®±q®±Ù ïÇ®‡®±u®ªå A†ÃŠ®±Y œ®¼iÔš®±î®ºs®î®¼. BS® Hy¬. ®¾¬. Nµ²°›«w®ªå y¯äN®³q®, š®ºš®Êȳq® As®î¯ y®›«‡®±w¬ „¯ǵ N®l¯Ö‡®±î¯TŠ®±rÙq®±Ù. y¯äN®³q®î®wµÝ° ïu¯ãvëS®¡®± œµYÏw® š®ºPµã‡®±ªå B‡®±±ÛNµ²¡®±ërÙu®ÛŠ®±. š®ºš®Êȳq®NµÊ 100 ïu¯ãt«S®¢u®ÛŠµ, y¯äN®³q®NµÊ 150 ïu¯ãt«S®¡®± CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. N¯åš®± OOÊ‹u®± q®±º†Š®±rÙq®±Ù. l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± y¯j® œµ°¡®±î¯S® Aªå š®²d †u®ÛŠ®² Nµ°¢š®±î®Ç®±Ô ý¯ºq®qµ CŠ®±rÙq®±Ù. A®± w®l®±w®l®±îµ š¯ºu®†Ã«N®î¯T ïu¯ãt«S®¢Sµ y®äýµÝ Nµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. D y®u®Ûr‰±ºu® î®S®«u®ªå Ax‡®±ï±q®î¯TŠ®±rÙu®Û ïu¯ãt«S®¢Sµ HX®Ï‹Nµ Nµ²hÔºq¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. ïu¯ãt«S®¡®± Hºs® y®äýµÝ Nµ°¢u®Š®² As®î¯ ý®ºNµ HrÙu®Š®², Aî®w®±Ý Nµ°¢Nµ²ºl®± xu¯w®î¯T r¢› œµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Aºs®î®Š® …SµÌ A®ªå ›g¯ÔS®ª, Ay®ý®…Ûî¯S®ª HºvS®² N®ºl®±…Š®±rÙŠ®ª©å. Aºqµ‡µ± A® H©å þǮ㊮ªå, (œ®©î®¼ q®±ºhŠ®ªå N®²l®) A® …SµÌ Bu®Š® ﱧq® AºdNµ CŠ®±rÙq®±Ù. î®S®«u® œµ²Š®Sµ N®²l® A® H©å þǮ㊮ î®q®«wµ Ÿ°Sµ° CŠ®±rÙq®±Ù.

š¯Ýq®N® (†. H. Aw®š®«) î®S®«S®¡®ªå y¯äN®³q® ïu¯ãt«S®¡® š®ºPµã …œ®¡® N®mîµ± CŠ®±rÙq®±Ù. Kîµ²âîµ±â C…àŠµ²°, î®±²î®Šµ²° Aǵ԰ ïu¯ât«S®¡® CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. œ¯Tu®ÛŠ®² l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® „µ²°u®wµ Aǵ԰ Brâ°‡®±, x‡®±ï±q® î®±q®±Ù N®äî®±…u®Üî¯TŠ®±rÙq®±Ù. «N® y®‹°£µSµ î®±±ºXµ‡µ± H©å ïÇ®‡®±S®¡®, H©å Nµ²°š®«S®¡®w®±Ý î®±±T›, ïî®±ý¯«q®âN® S®äºs®S®¡® B‡®¾¯ y®äN®Š®oS®¡®w®±Ý š®²Y›, Lv Nµ²¡®ë©± œµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Š¯b¯Š¯î®± N¯Œµ°dw® y¯äN®³q® Au®«î®¾¯S®và ïÇ®‡®±u® S®äºs¯©‡®± S®î®¼ Aq®ãºq® ›‹î®ºq®î®½, ý¯›ô°‡®±î¯T î®T°«N®³q®î®½ BTq®±Ù. Nµ©î®¼ Ay®Š®²y®î¯T uµ²Šµ‡®±±î® bµ¶w¯S®î®± S®äºs®S®¡® îµ±°ªw® ïî®±ý¯«q®âN® ®±Ùî®w®±Ý q¯îµ° ›u®Üy®m› ïu®ãt«S®¢Sµ iy®Þp Š®²y®u®ªå Ku®Tš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. AS®¡®ªå œ®©î®¼ Cw®²Ý w®w®Ý œ®rÙŠ® š®±Š®¤q®î¯Tîµ.

H¬. H. œ®ºq®u®ªå Au¯ãy®w® A©åuµ A®± ïu¯ãt«S®¢Sµ Aq®ãºq® y®‹ý®äî®±u® ïî®±ý¯«q®âN® Au®㇮±w®u® q®Š®„µ°r Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. HŠ®l®± î®±²Š®± ® î®±±ºYq®î¯T‡µ±° ïÇ®‡®± š®²Y›, Au®Š® îµ±°Œµ š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®±w®²Ý Iy®«l®±š®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. ®±Ç®u®ªå Cºs® š®ºSµ²°zÕS®¡®± HŠ®l¯u®Š®² BS®Œµ°„µ°Nµºu®± œµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±, q¯î®¼ AS®¢Sµ y®½n¯«î®vÇ®± µSµ œ¯c‹î®±Û, q®N®Ê ru®±Ûy®m š®²Y›, ¯S®«u®ý®«w® ¯l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. y¯äN®³q® ïÇ®‡®±u® î®±œ®q®æ î®±q®±Ù Au®Š®ªå‡®± š¯Ÿq®ãu® š®q®æî®w®±Ý †º†š®±î® EuµÛ°ý®vºu® " y¯äN®³q® î®±ºl®©" u® š®„µS®¡®ªå q¯î®½ ›u®Ü „¯Ǯo Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. A®± “ Ashoka : the Champion of Peace” Hº… ïÇ®‡®±u® îµ±°Œµ ¯q®w¯mu®±Û w®w®Sµ Cw®²Ý wµw®zuµ.

zHX¬. m. ¯S®«u®ý®«w®u® œ®ºq®u®ªå ¯q®ä A®± …©± N®h±Ôxg¯ÔT, xÇ®±ÕŠ®î¯T CŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Aî®ý®ãN® x‡®±î®±S®¡®ªå N®²l®±äî® ‡®¾¯î® ïu¯ãt«‡®±² y®äîµ°ý® …‡®±› A®w®±Ý N®ºl¯S®, Bq®w® N¯‡®±«£®î®±qµ‡®±w®±Ý N®²©ºN®Ç®î¯T µSµ œ®YÏ wµ²°l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Kºu®± îµ°¡µ Bq®w®± q®w®Ý î®±±ºvh±ÔNµ²ºmu®Û ïÇ®‡®± Bq®xSµ š®‹‡®¾¯T KS®±Ìqµ qµ²°Š®vu®ÛŠµ y®‡®¾¯«‡®± ‡µ±S®¡®w®±Ý š®î®±šµãS®¡®w®±Ý š®²Y›, AS®¡®ªå Kºu®w®±Ý B‹›Nµ²ºl®± Cwµ²Ýîµ±â …ºu®± A®w®±Ý N¯o©± š®²Yš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. ïÇ®‡®± B‹›Nµ²ºl®± …ºu® ïu¯ãt«Sµ œ®©î®¼ š®²X®wµS®¡®w®²Ý, š®ºýµ²°u®wµSµ š®º…ºvÛu® ‹°r-ïu¯w®S®¡®w®²Ý š®²Ú©î¯T ï› B ïÇ®‡®±u®, š®î®±šµã‡®± …SµÌ w¯Œ¯ÊŠ®± y®¼hu®Ç®±Ô x…ºu®ºu®w®±Ý …Šµu®± q®Š®©± œµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±; œ¯Sµ …Šµu®± q®ºu® Œµ°Qw® š®‹ N®ºl®Šµ ¯q®ä Bq®w® y®äîµ°ý®NµÊ KzÞSµ x°l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. KzÞSµ y®lµu®± î®±±ºuµ Au®㇮±w® w®lµ›u® ïu¯ãt«‰±ºu® x‡®±ï±q®q®w® S¯l® y®‹ý®äî®± î®±q®±Ù N®q®«î®ãxǵÕS®¡®w®±Ý Ayµ°¤š®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Ÿ°S¯T b¯o î®±q®±Ù S¯l® î¯ãš®ºS® ¯l®±î® ïu¯ãt«S®¡®ÇµÔ° D š®ºýµ²°u®w® u¯‹‡®±ªå q®lµ‡®±±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Awµ°N®Š®± œµ²Š®¢ …Š®±rÙŠ®Œµ° C©å.

Aºqµ‡µ± œ®©î¯Š®± „¯‹ “ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®‹Sµ zHX¬. m. ïu¯ãt«S®¡µ° C©å” Hº… S®±c±S®±c± ¯q®± Nµ©îµlµ Nµ°¡®…Š®±rÙq®±Ù. Aǵ԰ INµ, “ l¯. Ey¯uµã A®² î®±u¯äš® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u® l¯. ïê. Š¯U®î®w¬ A®² Kºuµ°” Hº…±u¯T œ®©î®¼ “©…Ü y®är™Õq®Š®± ” Bmu®±Ûºh±. Bu®Šµ Cºs® ¯rw®ªå œ®±Š®±¢Š®ª©å Hº… š®q®ãî®w®±Ý w¯w®± w®w®Ý Aw®±„®î®vºu® Huµ q®iÔ œµ°¡®…Œµåw®±. l¯. Ey¯uµã A®± ïu¯ãt«S®¢Sµ š¯N®Ç®±Ô EqµÙ°cw® Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. w¯wµ°w®± A® Nµ¶‡®±ªå zHX¬. m ¯l®±rÙŠ®ª©å. Bu®Š®² w¯w®± u¯Š®î¯l®u®ªåu®ÛŠ®² `î®l¯ÖŠ¯u®wµ’ Sµ š®º…ºvÛu® Nµ©î®¼ OåÇ®Þ š®î®±šµãS®¡® …SµÌ A® Brâ°‡®± î®±q®±Ù š®î®±«y®N® ¯S®«u®ý®«w® y®lµvuµÛ°wµ. w¯w®± zHX¬.m. y®u®ï y®lµu® îµ±°©², w®w®Ý Cq®Š® š®ºýµ²°u®w® š®î®±šµãS®¡®w®±Ý N®±‹q®± A® ¯S®«u®ý®«w® y®lµ‡®±±q®Ù …ºvuµÛ°wµ. w®ï±â…àŠ®ªå‡®± D y®äN¯Š®u® S®±Š®±-þǮ㠚®º…ºu® A®± d°ï› CŠ®±î®î®ŠµS®² š¯Tq®±Ù. Cu®NµÊ Kºu®± xv«Ç®Õ N®äî®±ïvÛq®± : y®½î®«„¯¾¯T ASµ y®q®ä …Šµu®± w®w®Ý š®î®±šµã‡®± Š®²y®Šµ°Çµ‡®±w®±Ý, EuµÛý®î®w®±Ý r¢›, A®± š®²Y›u® vw®u®ºu®± Nµ²Œ¯åy®¼Š®u® (î®±±ºuµ îµ±¶š®²‹w®) A® x®NµÊ š®‹‡®¾¯T œµ²°S®±rÙuµÛw®±. A®± B …SµÌ îµ²u®Œµ° ïX¯Š® ¯m, Kºu®± N¯S®u®u® îµ±°Œµ Nµ©î®¼ iy®ÞpS®¡®w®±Ý …Šµu®± Cl®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. w¯w®± Aªå œµ²°uµ²l®wµ Aî®ý®ãN® î®±±uµÛS®¡®w®±Ý X®Y«› œ®©î®¼ ¹ªN® š®²X®wµS®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. w¯w®± Aî®w®±Ý A„®㛛 Au®Š®ºqµ …Šµu®± qµSµu®± Cwµ²Ý⠜µ²°T A®w®±Ý N¯orÙuµÛw®±. Lv q®î®±â š®ºqµ²°Ç® î®ãN®Ù ¯l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Kîµ²âîµ±â B …Š®œ®u®ªå š®î®±š¯ãy®½r«Sµ q®N®Ê …©î¯u® Bu¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²l®±î® ‹°r š®‹‡®¾¯T©åu®± œµ°¢, Eu¯œ®Š®nµSµ KºuµŠ®l®w®±Ý AŒµå° rvÛ qµ²°‹š®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. As®î¯ q®Š®±î¯‡®± œ¯Sµ rvÛ AºXµ‡®± î®±±P¯ºq®Š® N®¢š®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Cºs® Nµ©î®w®±ÝÉ w¯w®± Cw®²Ý N¯‰±ÛiÔuµÛ°wµ. Aºs® ‡®¾¯î®¼u¯u®Šµ²ºu®± š®ºýµ²°u®w® Œµ°Qw® y®äN®hî¯u® îµ±°Œµ, w¯w®± Au®Š® AvÃN®³q® y®är‡µ²ºu®w®±Ý ASµ N®¢š®±rÙuµÛ. Au®w®±Ý Lv wµ²°m, š®ºqµ²°Ç®y®h±Ô w®w®Sµ y®q®ä …Šµu®± u®w®ãî¯u®S®¡®w®²Ý Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. YN®Êy®¼hÔ ý®ºNµS®¡®wµÝrÙ y®q®ä …Šµu¯S®, Aî®w®±Ý BS®Œµ° AºXµ‡®± î®±±P¯ºq®Š®îµ° …Sµœ®‹š®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Aºs® Nµ© y®q®äS®¡®w®±Ý w¯w®± CºvS®² š®±Š®¤q®î¯T CiÔuµÛ°wµ. Cºs® EqµÙ°cwµ w®w®Ýw®±Ý š®ºýµ²°u®w® N¯‡®±«NµÊ î®±rÙÇ®±Ô œ®±‹u®±º†š®±rÙq®±Ù. A©åuµ Au®± w®w®Ýªå u®²Š®S¯ï±‡®¾¯u® Ÿq®N®Š® y®‹n¯î®±î®w®±Ýºh± ¯mqµºu®± œµ°¡®©± A†Ã¯w®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ.

„¯Š®q®u® Awµ°N® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡µ²l®wµ î®±q®±Ù y®þÏ¯q®ã Š¯Ç®óS®¡® œ®©î®¼ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡µ²l®wµ xN®h š®º…ºu® œµ²ºvu®Û l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®±, Cªå‡®± Cºvw® z°¢Sµ‡®±ªå š®ºýµ²°u®w®u® î®±hÔ N®¡µu®bµ«Sµ œµ²°Tuµ‡µ±º…±u®Š® …SµÌ q®î®±â Aw®±„®î®vºu® A‹q®±, …œ®¡® î®ãsµ y®hÔu®±Ûºh± ; œ®©î®¼ š®„µ-š®îµ±â°©w®S®¡®ªå xšµÞȶœ®î¯T î®ãN®Ù¯mu®±Ûºh±. A® KºuµlµSµ …Šµvu¯ÛŠµ :

“ I am not a Cynic. But I do feel that a generation of Scholars to which a few (like Dr. P.L. Vaidya, Dr. V. S. Sunthanakar etc.) belonged is not being suitably replaced now etc …”

“w¯w®± š®î®«uµæ°™ š®æ„¯î®u®î®w®©å. Bu®Šµ w®w®Sµ xþÏq®î¯T Hxš®±î®uµ°wµºu®Šµ œ®©î®¼ (l¯. z. HŒ¬. u®ã, l¯. ïê. Hš¬. š®±ºj®oN®Š® Cq¯ãv) ïu¯æºš®Š®wµ²Ý¡®Sµ²ºmu®Û îµ²u®©wµ° z°¢Sµ‡®± š¯Úw®î®w®±Ý š®‹‡®¾¯T q®±º…±î®ºs® ïu¯æºš®Š®± Cºu®± œµ²Š®l®±rÙ©å.” Cu®± Cºvw® vw®S®¡®ªå zHX¬.m. y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý y®lµu® ïu¯æºš®Š®w®±Ý N®±‹q®± Hº…±u®w®±Ý „µ°Šµ œµ°¡®„µ°N¯T©å. Cºs® ›ÚrSµ A®± N¯Š®oî®w®²Ý Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. “ DTw® œ®©î®¼ ïu¯æºš®Š®± zHX¬.m. y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý y®lµu® q®Š®±î¯‡®±, îµ²°£®y¯äzÙ‡®¾¯u®ºqµ „¯ï›, î®±±ºuµ q®î®±â £µ°q®äu®ªå Au®㇮±w® š®ºýµ²°u®wµS®¡® Sµ²°dSµ œµ²°S®±î®v©åî¯u®±u®‹ºu® D ›Úr x¯«oî¯S®±rÙuµ. Bu®Û‹ºu® xcî¯T zHX¬.m. y®u®ï š®ºýµ²°u®w¯ î¯ãš®ºS®u® Aœ®«qµ‡®± …SµÌ Nµ²hÔ š®i«zÃNµ°h± ¯q®ä Hºu®± A®± …Sµ‡®±±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. š®q®æ‡®±±q®î¯u® š®ºýµ²°u®wµ As®î¯ q®w®Ý £µ°q®äNµÊ î®±²©„®²q®î¯u® As®î¯ ¹ªN®î¯u® Nµ²l®±Sµ š®ªåš®±î® Aœ®«qµ, zHX¬. m. y®u®ï y®lµu® q®Š®±î¯‡®±u® v°U®« y®ä‡®±q®Ý î®±q®±Ù y®‹ý®äî®±vºu®Œµ° š¯u®ã Hºu®± A®± œµ°¡®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. Auµ° zHX¬.m. y®lµu® w¯S®y®¼Š® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u® w®w®Ý ï±q®äŠµ²…àŠ®± l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®‹Sµ œ®Š®±Ç®vºu® …Šµu® y®q®äNµÊ Eq®ÙŠ®î¯T A®± Ÿ°Sµ …Šµvu¯ÛŠµ.

“ Please accept my sincere greetings on your having secured the Doctorate Degree of Vidyadaya University of Ceylon. It’s relief that your labours are justly rewarded. May I say a word more? The Ph.D. Degree is after all a certificate of a learned body that one is capable of systematic and scientific study; and the value of his degree, obviously depends on what work we turn out after having secured this degree. I am sure you will go on steadily working and enriching the field of researches in Shremanology”.

“›Œµ²°xw®ªå‡®± ïuµ²ã°u®‡®± ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±vºu® zHX¬. m. y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý S®¢›u® xî®±Sµ w®w®Ý œ¯v«N® u®w®ãî¯u®S®¡®±. w¯w®± Cwµ²Ýºu®± ¯q®w®±Ý œµ°¡®…œ®±uµ ? œ¯Sµ wµ²°mu®Šµ zHX¬.m. y®u®ï Hº…±u®± K…à î®ãOÙ þš®±Ù…u®Üî¯u® î®±q®±Ù ý¯›ô°‡®± Au®㇮±w®NµÊ Aœ®« Hºu®± Kºu®± ïþÇ®Ô ïu®æq¬ î®±ºl®¢‰±ºu® Nµ²l®î®¾¯mu® š®i«zÃNµ°h± ¯q®ä ; A©åuµ D y®u®ï‡®± „µŒµ xcî¯T w¯î®¼ q®Š®±î¯‡®± ‡®¾¯î® y®äN¯Š®u® N¯‡®±« ¯l®±îµîµº…±u®Š® îµ±°Œµ Aº†›Š®±q®Ùuµ. Bu®Û‹ºu® x°î®¼ Cw®±Ý šµÚȶ‡®±«vºu® î®±±ºvw® Au®㇮±w® š¯Tš®±q®Ù ý®äî®±oý¯š®ôu® š®ºýµ²°u®wµ £µ°q®äî®w®±Ý §°î®±ºq®Sµ²¢š®±ïŠµºu®± w®w®Sµ ïý¯æš®ïuµ.”

š¯Ýq®Nµ²°q®ÙŠ® î®±hÔu®ªå EX®ÏNµ²°i‡®± Au®㇮±w®-Aw®±š®ºu¯w® zHX¬. m; m. ªg¬ y¯äzÙq®Š®±î¯‡®± œ®©î®¼ u®ý®N®S®¡® µSµ š®ºýµ²°u®w® N¯‡®±«, Aq®±©x°‡®± š¯u®wµ-CåS®¢Sµ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Šµ° Bu®ý®« Eu¯œ®Š®nµ‡®¾¯Tu¯ÛŠµ. D š®ºu®„®«u®ªå A® …SµÌ w®lµu® Kºu®± î®±œ®q®Ôu® š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý EŒµå°Rš®…œ®±u¯Tuµ. l¯. Ey¯uµã A®± zHX¬.m. y®u®ïS¯T î®±±º…‰± ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±NµÊ q®î®±â ‘y®äî®X®w® š¯Š®’ Hº… ïî®±ý¯«q®âN®î¯T š®ºy¯v›u® y¯äN®³q® AvÃN®³q® BS®î®± S®äºs®î®w®±Ý î®±œ¯y®ä…ºu®î®w¯ÝT š®ªå›u®ÛŠ®±. D N®³r‡®± î®±²î®Š®± y®‹°£®N®Š®ªå cî®±«x‡®± „¯w¬ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u® y®ä›u®Ü ïu¯æºš®Š¯u® yµ½ä. ý®²†äºS®Š®² K…àŠ¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. D î®±œ¯y®ä…ºu®u® …SµÌ q®î®±â xn¯«‡®±N® ®v‡®±w®±Ý î®±±º…‰± ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±NµÊ š®ªå›u¯S® D î®±œ¯y®äºu® Aq®ãºq® EX®Ïî®±hÔu®²ÛÉ î®¾¹ªN®î®½ Cu®ÛN¯Š®o, Cu®± m.ªg¬. y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý y®lµ‡®±©± š®î®«s¯ Aœ®« Aºq¯ þy¯Š®š®± ¯mu®Š®±. ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± Au®w®±Ý î®±xÝ› y¯ä. Ey¯uµã ASµ m. ªg¬. y®u®ï‡®±w®±Ý Nµ²h±Ô Ay®½î®«î¯T š®w¯âx›q®±.

D y®î¯l®š®u®³ý® U®hwµ q¯w¯T‡µ±° w®lµu®u®±ÛÉ 1939 Š®ªå, Au®Š® q®Š®±î¯‡®± A®± 1975 Š® µSµ Nµ©š® ¯m q®î®±â š®ºýµ²°u®w® £µ°q®äî®w®±Ý Hǵ²Ôºu®± §°î®±ºq®Sµ²¢›u®Šµº…±u®w®±Ý wµ²°l®±î¯.

2. š®ºýµ²°u®w®, Œµ°Qw®, S®äºs® š®ºy¯u®w® £µ°q®ä :

Nµ²Œ¯êy®¼Š®u® Š¯b¯Š¯î®± N¯Œµ°dw®ªå y¯äu¯ãy®N®‹Š®±î¯S®Œµ° l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± D £µ°q®äu®ªå œµX¯ÏT N¯‡®±« ¯mu®±Ûºh±. N¯Œµ°dw®ªå‡®± Au¯ãy®w®, ¯S®«u®ý®«w® îµ²u®Œ¯u® Nµ©š®S®¡®w®±Ý î®±±T›Nµ²ºl®± …ºu® q®Š®±î¯‡®±, š®ºýµ²°u®w®, Œµ°Qw® î®±q®±Ù S®äºs® š®ºy¯u®w® N¯‡®±« A® d°î®w®u® Bq®ãºq® xN®h „¯S®îµ° BTq®±Ù. Kºu®± …Sµ‡®± „¹vÜN® œ®î¯ãš®îµºu®± œµ°¡®©± AmÖ‰±©å. y®ärvw® q®î®±â †l®±ïw® š®î®±‡®±î®w®±Ý (î®±±ºb¯wµ, š®ºbµ) î®±q®±Ù v°y¯î®¢ î®±q®±Ù „µ°›Sµ‡®± Š®b¯ vw®S®¡®w®±Ý D N¯‡®±«N¯ÊT x‡®±ï±q®î¯T Ey®‡µ²°Tš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±.

A®± q®î®±â î¯ãš®ºS®u® Nµ²°nµ‡®±ªå y®½o« î®±S®ÝŠ¯TŠ®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. q¯î®¼ K…àŠµ° Nµ©š® ¯l®±î®u®©åuµ, Awµ°N® „¯‹ š®ºy¯u®w® N¯‡®±«u®ªå, ïýµ°Ç®î¯T ïïu® œ®š®ÙªRq®S®¡® Bu¯Š®vºu® y¯j®ã®±Ùî®w®±Ý xo«‰±š®±î¯S® K…à š®ºš®Êȳq® ý¯›ôS®¡®w®±Ý …vSµ N®²mä›Nµ²ºl®± Aµ²l®wµ X®Y«›, œ®©î®¼ iy®ÞpS®¡®w®±Ý …Šµvl®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. q®î®±â gµ°…ªåw® îµ±°Œµ Kºu®± …vSµ xv«Ç®Ô y®¼hS®¡® œµ²gµÔ‡®±ªå œµ²Š®Sµ CpO wµ²°l®±î® N¯S®u®u® q®±ºl®±S®¡®w®±Ý œµ²ºvu® S®äºs®Š¯þ‡µ²ºvSµ, Cwµ²Ýºu®± …vSµ †YÏ Kºu®Š® îµ±°Œµ KºvhÔ œ®©î®¼ y¯‰±©±S®¡® š®î®±²œ®î®w®±Ý Ch±ÔNµ²ºl®± N¯S®u®-ŒµN®ÊpNµ‡µ²ºvSµ q®î®±â Aw®±š®ºu¯w® Œµ²°N®u®Œµå° î®±±¡®±Tœµ²°S®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. D ‹°r y®‹ý®äî®± › A®± ¯mu® N¯‡®±« Ay¯Š®î¯Tuµ ; EX®Ïî®±hÔu¯ÛTuµ. Awµ°N® „¯Š®r°‡®± î®±q®±Ù ïuµ°þ°‡®± ïu¯æºš®‹ºu®, y®ä›u®Û š®ºýµ²°u®w® y®räNµS®¢ºu® ý¯åVš®©ÞiÔuµ. D N¯‡®±«u® ¯u®ã œµX¯ÏT CºTåÇ®î¯Tuµ Hº…±u®w®±Ý „µ°Šµ œµ°¡®„µ°N¯T©å. D N¯‡®±«u® î¯ãz٠Q‹ î®±q®±Ù S®±oî®±hÔ ‡®¾¯Š®w¯Ýu®Š®² „µŠ®S®±Sµ²¢š®±î®ºq®œ®u¯Tuµ.

(i) ïu®æq®²Þo« y®äš¯Ùî®wµ, y®ä¯pN® y¯j®ã xo«‡®±, Aî®ý®ãN® iy®Þp, Aw®±…ºu® Cq¯ãv‡®±±N®Ù ïî®±ý¯«q®âN®î¯T š®ºy¯v›u® S®äºs®S®¡® š®ºPµã š®±î®¾¯Š®± 30.

(ii) ïïu® ïÇ®‡®±S®¡® îµ±°Œµ …Šµu® î®±q®±Ù P¯ãq® š®ºýµ²°u®w® y®räNµ, A†Ãw®ºu®w® S®äºs®, š®ºš®âŠ®nµ S®äºs® Cq¯ãvS®¡®ªå y®äN®hî¯u® š®ºýµ²°u®w® Œµ°Qw®S®¡®± 195; CS®¡®ªå N®w®Ýl®u®ªå …Šµu®î®¼S®¡®± 18.

(iii) „¯Š®q® î®±q®±Ù ïuµ°ý®S®¡®ªå y®ä›u®Ü ïu¯æºš®‹ºu® Š®Yš®©ÞhÔ : š®ºy¯vš®©ÞhÔ S®äºs®S®¡® š®ï±°£µ 76.

(iv) Cq®Š® ïu¯æºš®Š® S®äºs®S®¢Sµ …Šµu®± î®±±w®±ÝmS®¡®± 14,N®w®Ýl®u®ªå 2.

(v) q®î®±â y®äî®±±Q ¯w®ã š®ºy¯u®O°‡®±q®æu®ªå, Nµ©î®¼ „¯‹ K†à…àŠ®± „µ°Šµ ïu¯æºš®Šµ²ºvSµ, š®ºy¯vš®©ÞhÔ S®äºs®S®¡®± 80, N®w®Ýl®u®ªå 5. CS®¡®ªå „¯Š®r°‡®± b¯Ów®z°j® vªå, Bý®ä‡®±u®ªå y®äN®hî¯u®î®¼S®¡®± 50, d°î®Š¯c S®äºs®î®¾¯Œµ, šµ²Œ¯åy®¼Š®, î®±±P¯ºq®Š® y®äN®hî¯u®î®¼S®¡®± 30, „¯Š®r°‡®± ïu¯ã„®î®w® î®±±º…‰±, y¯äN®³q® gµN®éÉÔ šµ²š¯‰±i Aœ®î®±âu¯„¯u¬, Cq¯ãvS®¡® î®±±P¯ºq®Š® y®äN®hî¯u®î®¼S®¡®±

7.

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®‹ºu® š®ºýµ²°vÃq® î®±q®±Ù š®ºy¯vq® Awµ°N® y¯äY°w® y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù š®ºš®öq® S®äºs®S®¡®± y®äy®äs®î®±î¯T „µ¡®N®w®±Ý N®ºmîµ. v°U®« î®±q®±Ù ïu®æq®²æo«î¯T …Šµu® y®äš¯Ùî®wµ, S®äºs®u® N®q®³«, N¯©, ýµ¶ªS®¡® xo«‡®±, y¯ä¯pN®î¯T y®¼w®Š®äY›u® y¯j®ã®±Ù , Aî®ý®ãN® Aºý®S®¡® îµ±°Œµ Nµ²hÔ î®¾¯ï±«N® iy®Þp Cq¯ãvS®¡®± A® y®ä…±u®Ü š®ºýµ²°u®w® ýµ¶ª‡®± þÇ®ÔÉãS®¡®±. D …SµÌ œ®©î®¼ Ÿ‹‡®± ïî®±ý®«N® ïu¯æºš®Š® „¯‰±ºu®Œµ° Nµ°¡®±î®¼u®± EYq® :

l¯. ïê, Hš¬. AS®Š®î¯© (…w¯Š®š® Ÿºu®² ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±) …Šµ‡®±±q¯ÙŠµ.

“ Dr. Upadhye is a past-master in the art of critical editing . He combines in himself the learning of the Oriental Pandit and the argue-eyed critiacl faculty of the new scholar, with which he approaches his task.”

“ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± ïî®±ý¯«q®âN® š®ºy¯u®w® N®Œµ‡®±ªå xǯØq® î®±q®±Ù y¯Š®ºS®q® îµ±°u¯ïS®¡¯Tu¯ÛŠµ. A®± q®î®±âªå y¹î¯«q®ã y®ºmq®w® b¯Ów®î®w®²Ý Bu®±xN® ïu¯æºš®w® …©± b¯S®Š®²N® N®pØw® ïî®±ý¯« ý®OÙ‡®±w®²Ý A¡®î®m›Nµ²ºmu®±Û, C®l®Šµ²ºvSµ q®î®±â N¯‡®±«NµÊ Nµ¶œ¯N®±q¯ÙŠµ”.

A® “ …³œ®q®Ês¯ Nµ²°ý®”u® …SµÌ l¯. š®±x°rN®±î®¾¯Š® X®hd« (N®©N®q¯Ù ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±) A®± Ÿ°Sµ …Šµvu¯ÛŠµ :

It is really a magnum opus for which any scholar may feel proud. The learned Introduction is a model of what an introduction should be. Your externsive learning and your prodiguous industry both elicit unstinted admiration”.

“‡®¾¯î® ïu¯æºš®w®² A†Ã¯w® y®l®±î®ºrŠ®±î® D N®³r Aq®ãºq® î®±œ®q®æu¯ÛTuµ. Cu®Š® y®äš¯Ùî®wµ, y®äš¯Ùî®wµ œµ°Sµ CŠ®„µ°N®ºu®± qµ²°‹š®©± …ŠµvhÔ Bu®ý®«î¯Tuµ, ¯u®‹‡®¾¯Tuµ. xî®±â Ay¯Š® b¯Ów® î®±q®±Ù AS¯u® y®‹ý®äî®± C®l®² ï±r‰±©åu® ý¯åU®wµ‡®±w®±Ý y®lµ‡®±©± Aœ®«î¯Tîµ. ”

A® “ª°Œ¯î®D N®œ¯” u® …SµÌ yµ½ä. Šµ°wµ²° (y¯ã‹š® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±) „®ºl¯Š®N®Š® L‹‡®±ºhŒ¬ š®ºšµÚ‡®± š®ºýµ²°u®w® î®±±Q y®q®äu®ªå …Šµ‡®±±q¯ÙŠµ :

“ It is superflous to recall that the entire work is executed by a master-hand. After so many other publications, which succed one another in a rapid rhythem, the edition of Lilavai firmly established the name to Dr. Upadhye in the front rank of the present-day jaina and Prakrit scholars in India”.

“ D Cm° N®³r K…à xǯØq® ïu¯æºš®‹ºu® N¯‡®¾¯«xæq®î¯Tuµ Hºu®± y®¼w®Š®±X®Ï‹š®±î®u®± Aw¯î®ý®ãN®. Kºu®wµ²Ýºu®± Kºu®± ©‡®±u®ªå „µw®ÝiÔ …ºu® Cq®Š® Awµ°N® S®äºs®S®¡® y®äN®hwµ‡®± q®Š®±î¯‡®±, “ª°Œ¯î®D N®œ¯” S®äºs®u® š®ºy®¼h, l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® š¯Úw®î®w®±Ý „¯Š®q®u®ªå î®±±ºvw® y®ºOÙ‡®±ªåu®Û Cºvw® bµ¶w® î®±q®±Ù y¯äN®³q® ïu¯æºš®Šµ²ºvSµ ›ÚŠ®î¯T‹›uµ”.

D ‹°r Awµ°N® uµ°þ°‡®± î®±q®±Ù ïuµ°þ° ïu¯æºš®‹ºu® y®äý®º›š®©ÞhÔ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® D N®³rŠ®q®ÝS®¡®± cS®u¯u®ãºq® y®ä›vÜy®lµu®î®¼. Au®Š® y®©î¯T Awµ°N® y®u®ï-y®äý®›ÙS®¡®±, ¯w® š®w¯âw®S®¡®± A®w®±Ý œ®±l®±ONµ²ºl®± …ºu®î®¼. Kºu®± N®³rSµ m,ªg¬ y®u®ï ›N®ÊŠµ, Cwµ²Ýºu®NµÊ Š¯cã y®äý®›Ù, î®±qµ²Ùºu®NµÊ Š¯Ç®óy®äý®›Ù, š®î®±±u¯‡®± S®±oNµÊ Š¯Ç®óy®r, y®äý®›Ù, AR© „¯Š®q® š®ºSµ²°™Õ y®‹Ç®q®±ÙS®¡® Au®㣮y®u®, š¯Ÿq®ã š®îµ±â°©w®S®¡® š®w¯âw® Cq¯ãv, Bu®Š®² A®± Nµ²wµ‡®±î®ŠµS®² K…à w®î®±ä, xŠ¯l®º…Š®, xǯÕq® , š®ºýµ²°u®w® ‡µ²°TS®¡¯T „¯¢u®Š®±.

3. y®‹Ç®q®±Ù, š®îµ±â°©w®, š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡® £µ°q®ä :

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± Au¯ãy®w®, Œµ°Qw®, š®ºýµ²°u®w® î®±q®±Ù S®äºs® š®ºy¯u®w® CS®¡®ÇµÔ° î®±œ®q®æî®w®±Ý ïu®æcÑw®Š® y®‹Ç®q®±Ù, š®îµ±â°©w® î®±q®±Ù š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¢S®² Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. CS®¡®ªå „¯S® š®±î®¼u®‹ºu® Awµ°N® Š¯™ó°‡®± î®±q®±Ù Aºq®Š®Š¯™ó°‡®± î®±hÔu® ïu®æcÑw®Š® œµ²š® ïX¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý, š®ºýµ²°u®wµ‡®±ªåw® œµ²š® Aïǯʊ®S®¡®w®±Ý r¢u®±Nµ²¡®ë©± Aî®N¯ý®î¯S®±q®Ùuµºu®², q®î®±âªå‡®± ïX¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý, š®ºýµ²°u®w® K©î®¼S®¡®w®±Ý î®ãN®Ùy®m› AS®¡®w®±Ý q®²T wµ²°l®©± Aw®±î¯S®±q®Ùuµºu®² A®± …©î¯T w®º†u®ÛŠ®±. AS®¡®ªå š¯u®ãî¯u¯S®Œµ©å š®O䇮± „¯S®î®Ÿš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±; Awµ°N® š®ºU®hwµS®¡® N¯‡®±«N¯‹ î®±ºl®¡®S®¡® š®u®š®ãŠ¯T AS®¡® y®äS®rSµ S®r Nµ²l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±.

AR© „¯Š®r°‡®± y¯äX®ã ïu¯ã y®‹Ç®q®±ÙS®¡®ªå (All India Oriental Conferences) š®±î®¾¯Š®± î®±²î®q®±Ù ®±Ç®S®¡® N¯© A®± „¯S®î®Ÿ›u®ÛŠ®©åuµ, 1941 Š® œµ¶u¯ä„¯u® AvÃîµ°ý®w®u®, y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® ïu¯ã ý¯Pµ‡®± T°‡®± Au®㣮Š¯T Au®Š® y®äS®rSµ œµ²š® rŠ®±î®¼ Nµ²hÔŠ®±, î®±±ºuµ 1966 Š®ªå D y®‹Ç®rÙw® Aª°S®l® š®î®±S®ä AvÃîµ°ý®w®u® Au®㣮Š¯T „¯Š®r°‡®± ïuµã‡®±, š®ºš®öq®, y¯äN®³q®, y¯ª š¯Ÿq®ã, „¯ǵS®¡® î®±q®±Ù AS®¡® š®‹‡®¾¯u® Au®㇮±w®u® î®±œ®q®æî®w®±Ý †º†›u®Š®±. Awµ°N® ®±Ç®S®¡® µSµ D y®‹Ç®rÙw® N¯‡®±«xœ®N® î®±ºl®¡®u® bµ°Ç®Õ š®u®š®ãŠ¯T, l¯. BŠ¬. Hw¬. u¯ºlµ°N®Š®Š® œµS®ªSµ œµS®©± Nµ²h±Ô A®± N¯‡®±« ¯mu®Š®±.

î®±±ºuµ y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® ïu¯ã£µ°q®äNµÊ (Prakrit and Jainology) „¯Š®q®u®ªå‡®± ïïu® š®ºšµÚS®¡® Bý®ä‡®±u®ªå, î®±±ºu¯¡®±q®w®u®ªå, š®æq®ºq®ä B›Ùq®æ ›N¯ÊS®, A®± AS®¡® vªå, Aœ®î®±âu¯„¯u®, bµ¶y®¼Š® Cq¯ãv AR© „¯Š®q® î®±hÔu® AvÃîµ°ý®w®S®¡® Au®㣮Š¯T Bî®±ºräš®©ÞhÔŠ®±. Aªå N®²mu® q®Š®±o ïu¯æºš®‹Sµ y¯äN®³q® bµ¶w® ïuµãS®¡® Au®㇮±w®u® y®©u¯‡®±N® š®²q®äS®¡®w®±Ý œµ°¢Nµ²hÔŠ®±. Cºs® y®‹Ç®q®±ÙS®¡®, š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡® š®ºU®hN®‹Sµ î®±q®±Ù xuµ«°ý®N®‹Sµ q®î®±â š®©œµ-š®²X®wµS®¡®w®±Ý x°mu®Š®±. œ®©î®¼ N®h±š®q®ãî®w®±Ý qµŠµu®± qµ²°‹› q®y®¼ÞS®¡®w®±Ý ru®ÛŒµrÝ›u®Š®±. 1967Š®ªå N®w®Ýl® š¯Ÿq®ã y®‹Ç®rÙw® ý®äî®o„µ¡®Sµ²¡® š®îµ±â°¡®w®u® Au®㣮y®u®î®w®Ý©ºN®‹› q®î®±â œµ²š® ïX¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý y¯äºc© î®±w®›éxºu® î®ãN®Ùy®m›u®Š®±. 1971 ‹ºu® 1975 Š® µSµ u®¤o „¯Š®q® bµ¶w® š®„µ‡®± Au®㣮Š¯T Au®Nµ²Êºu®± œµ²š® A›Ùq®æ N®ªÞ›Nµ²hÔŠ®±. Awµ°N® š¯Šµ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± Cºs® y®‹Ç®q®±Ù-š®ºSµ²°™Õ-š®„µS®¡® îµ°vNµ‡®± îµ±°ªºu® î®ãN®Ù¯mu® ïX¯Š®S®¡®w®±Ý Nµ°¡®±î®, r¢u®±Nµ²¡®±ëî® „¯S®ã w®w®Sµ ©†Ã›q®±Ù. Au®Š® Œ¯„® w®w®Sµ d°î®w®u®±u®ÛN®²Ê ›S®±q®Ù œµ²°‰±q®±.

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± Aºq®Š®Š¯™ó°‡®± î®±hÔu®ªå N®²l® Ÿºuµ †°¡®ª©å. 1971 Š®ªå y¯äX®ã ïu¯ã y®‹Ç®rÙw® Aºq®Š®Š¯™ó°‡®± (International Oriental Conference) Nµw®…Š¯ (Bšµó°ª‡®¾¯) AvÃîµ°ý®w®u®ªå „¯Š®q® š®Š®N¯Š®u® x‡µ²°dq® ïu¯æ,ºš®Š¯T „¯S®î®Ÿ›u®Š®±. 1973 Š®ªå Cuµ° y®‹Ç®rÙw® y¯ã‹š¬ (y¯äw¬é) AvÃîµ°ý®w®u®ªå q®î®±â ïu®æq¬y®½o« š®ºýµ²°u®w® y®ä…ºu®î®w®±Ý î®±ºm›u®Š®±. îµ±¶š®²Š®± ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±vºu® xq®ÙŠ¯S®±î® N¯© š®ï±°z›u¯S®©² N®²l® Cºs® y®‹Ç®q®±ÙS®¡®ªå „¯S®î®Ÿš®±î® A® Eq¯éœ® N®±TÌŠ®ª©å. 1974 Š®ªå Œµ²°îµ°w¬ („µªÑ‡®±î®¾¬) Sµ œµ²°T ‘ïý®æu®« î®±q®±Ù ý¯ºr’ (World Religion and Peace) š®îµ±â°©w®u®ªå „¯S®î®Ÿ›u®Š®±. D ‹°r „¯Š®q®N®²Ê, q¯î®¼ Nµ©š® ¯l®±rÙu®Û ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¢S®² O°r« q®ºu®Š®±.

l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± Cºs® y®‹Ç®q®±Ù-š®îµ±â°©w®-š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡®ªå š®O䇮± „¯S®î®Ÿš®±rÙu®ÛŠ®©åuµ, q®î®±â š®ï±°y®u® q®Š®±o ïu¯æºš®‹S®², þÇ®ã‹S®² AS®¡® …SµÌ yµä°Š®nµ x°l®±rÙu®ÛŠ®±. D š®ºu®„®«u®ªå w®w®Ý Aw®±„®î®î®wµÝ° ïš®±î®u®± EYq®. 1968 Š®ªå AR© „¯Š®r°‡®± y¯äX®ã ïu¯ã y®‹Ç®rÙw® N®©N®q¯Ù („µ¢ë œ®…àu®) AvÃîµ°ý®w®NµÊ w¯w®± A® yµä°Š®nµ‰±ºu®Œµ° …Šµu® š®ºýµ²°u®wµ Œµ°Qw® “ Observations on the Punyasrava Kathakosa” “y®¼n¯ãš®äî® N®s¯Nµ²°ý®u® îµ±°ªw® ïX¯Š®S®¡®±” Hº… q®Œµ…Š®œ®u® y®ä…ºu®î®w®±Ý N®¢›, š®u®š®ãq®æî®w®±Ý y®lµu®±, N®w¯«hN® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±NµÊ w®w®Ýw®±Ý y®ärxvÇ®¾¯T (lµªSµ°g¬) N®¢š®„µ°Nµºu®± ïb¯Óy®w® y®q®ä N®¢›uµÛw®±. Bu®Šµ ‡®¾¯î®¼uµ²° N¯Š®ovºu® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±NµÊ œ¯Sµ ¯l®©± š¯u®ãî¯S®ª©å. xŠ¯ý®w¯T, Cu®Û š®ºS®r‡®±w®±Ý r¢›, l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®‹Sµ y®q®ä …Šµuµ. Au®NµÊ A®± ¯Š®±q®ÙŠ® …Šµu®u®±Û Ÿ°Sµ : Cºs® š®ºu®„®«u®ªå xŠ¯ýµSµ Aî®N¯ý® Nµ²l®„¯Š®u®±. x⠚®ºýµ²°u®w® Œµ°Qw®î®ºq®² ›æ°N®³q®î¯Tuµ; œ¯S®² Cºs® y®‹Ç®q®±ÙS®¢Sµ Šµ°Œµæ‹‡®¾¯‡®±r (Au®« œ¯š®©±) uµ²Šµ‡®±±q®Ùuµ. x⠚®º…¡®vºu® q®±š®± œ®oî®w®±Ý qµSµu®± D AvÃîµ°ý®w®u®ªå „¯S®î®Ÿš®±î®¼u®w®±Ý †l®„µ°m‹. …œ®±î®±±Q Œ¯„®NµÊ HŠ®î¯S®„µ°m‹. D œ®o Hºu®² î®ãs®«î¯S®u®±. î®±±ºuµ væS®±pq®î¯T xî®±Sµ rŠ®±T…Š®±î®¼u®±. Cºs® AvÃîµ°ý®w®u®ªå x⠚®ºýµ²°u®w® y®är„µ qµ²°‹›u®Šµ, xî®±â ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±î®½ xî®±Sµ EqµÙ°cw® Nµ²iÔ°q®±. „µ°Šµ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¢ºu®©² xî®±ºq®äoS®¡®± …ºu¯î®¼”…. Cq¯ãv‡®¾¯T. D y®q®äî®wµ²Ý°v Hªå©åu® Eq¯éœ® y®lµu®±, D AvÃîµ°ý®w®NµÊ œµ²°T ‡®±ý®›æ‡®¾¯T „¯S®î®Ÿ›uµw®±. î®±±ºuµ l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± …Šµu® H©å ¯q®±S®¡®± xcî¯T y®‹oï±›u®î®¼. š®±î®¾¯Š®± Cy®ÞqµÙȶu®± ®±Ç®S®¡® N¯© Cm° „¯Š®q®u® Eu®ÛS®©S®¡®ªå N®²mu® Awµ°N® y®‹Ç®q®±Ù š®ºSµ²°™ÕS®¡® AvÃîµ°ý®w®S®¡®ªå „¯S®î®Ÿš®±q®Ù …ºuµw®±. KºuµŠ®l®± AvÃîµ°ý®w®S®¡® T°‡®± Au®㣮y®u®î®½ uµ²Šµ‰±q®±. š¯î®¾¯w®ãî¯T w®w®Ý £µ°q®äu®ªå‡®± H©å Š¯™ó°‡®± î®±hÔu® ïu¯æºš®Š® y®‹X®‡®±î¯‰±q®±. yµ½ä. A©él¯y®«, yµ½ä . îµ±gµÔ, §°î®±r l®²ãl¬ïs¬é Š®ºs® ïuµ°þ° ïu¯æºš®Š® š®ºy®N®« ©†Ã›q®±. w¯w®± l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š® þÇ®ãwµº…±u®‹ºu® Awµ°N®‹Sµ w®w®Ý …SµÌ Au®Š® A†Ã¯w®S®¢u®Ûu®Ûw®±Ý A‹q®± š®ºq®³y®Ùw¯uµw®±. Cuµ©å w®w®Ýw®±Ý w®w®Ý š®ºýµ²°u®w® ¯S®«u®ªå œµX®±Ï y®‹y®N®æ ¯mu®î®¼ .

4. š®ºš¯Úy®w¯ £µ°q®ä :

y¯äN®³q® „¯ǵ, š¯Ÿq®ã î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® ïuµãS®¡® …SµÌ Ay¯Š® Bš®O î®±q®±Ù AS®¡® y®äS®r‡®± …SµÌ u®²Š®u®þ°«q®æî®w®±Ý œµ²ºvu® l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± AS®¢Sµ N¯Œµ°c±, ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± î®±q®±Ù š®ºýµ²°u®w® š®ºšµÚS®¡®ªå š®æq®ºq®ä B›Ùq®æ N®ªÞš®©±, uµ²Š®Oš®©± …œ®¡® y®ä‡®±q®Ý y®hÔŠ®±. BŠ®º„®vºu® Nµ²Œ¯åy®¼Š® š®ºš¯Úw®u® Bl®¢q®u®ªåu®Û Š¯b¯Š¯î®± N¯Œµ°dw®ªå y¯äN®³q®, Au®«î®¾¯S®vÃSµ š®æq®ºq®ä S®î®wµÝ° (my¯h«îµ±ºh) uµ²Š®O›Nµ²ºmu®ÛŠ®±. î®±±ºuµ þî¯d ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± Eu®‡®±î¯u® îµ±°Œµ Au®Š® Avðw®u®ªåu®Û H©å N¯Œµ°c±S®¡®ªå y¯äN®³q®NµÊ š®æq®ºq®ä S®ïŠ®±î®ºqµ wµ²°mNµ²ºl®Š®±. y¯ä‡®±ý®: „¯Š®q®u® H©å ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå Cuµ²ºuµ° ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± Cºs® î®ãµÚSµ Aw®±î®¼ ¯mNµ²hÔuµ.

A©åuµ A®± „¯Š®q®u® ïïu® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå Aºu®Šµ î®±±º…‰±, y®¼nµ, w¯S®y®¼Š®, u¯Š®î¯l® î®±±ºq¯u® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå š¯Ýq®N® î®±q®±Ù š¯Ýq®Nµ²°q®ÙŠ® î®±hÔu®ªå y¯äN®³q® ïÇ®‡®±u® A„¯㚮 N®äî®±î®w®±Ý Š®²zš®±î®ªå î®±œ®q®æu® y¯q®äî®w®±Ý ›u®±Ûºh±. ý¯ª‡®±ºs® y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® ïuµ㇮± š®ºýµ²°u®w® š®ºšµÚ‡®±w®±Ý Š®²zš®±î®ªå, Au®Š®ªå‡®± š¯Ýq®Nµ²°q®ÙŠ® A„¯㚮 N®äî®±î®w®±Ý y®äy®äs®î®±î¯T xu®«‹š®±î®u®Š®ªå y®äî®±±Q š®©œµS¯Š®Š¯T, Nµ²wµ‡®±î®ŠµSµ B š®ºšµÚ‡®± Bl®¢q®u® š®©œ¯ š®ï±r‡®± š®u®š®ãŠ¯Tu®ÛŠ®±.

îµ±¶š®²Š®± ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u® š®ºš¯Úy®N® y¯äu®ãy®N®Š¯T, B z°j®î®w®±Ý q®±š®± vw®S®¡®ªå‡®± bµ¶w®ý¯š®ô-y¯äN®³q® Au®㇮±w®S®¡® y®½o« u®bµ«‡®± S®î¯S®±î®ºqµ œµoTu®Š®±. D š®æq®ºq®ä S®î®¼ „¯Š®q®u® H©å ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå îµ²u®©wµ‡®±u®², ¯u®‹‡®±u®² B‰±q®±. Cu®Š® œµbµÑ‡®± îµ±°Œµ œµbµÑ Ch±Ô N®w¯«hN® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± (u¯Š®î¯l®) y®r‡®¾¯¡¯ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± (y®ºb¯…), š®±P¯m‡®¾¯ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± (Eu®‡®±y®¼Š®), î®±u¯äš® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®± (î®±u¯äš®) îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®¼S®¡®ªå bµ¶w® ý¯š®ô-y¯äN®³q® Au®㇮±w® S®S®¡®± q®Œµuµ²°‹u®î®¼.

1968 Š®Œµå° ‡®±±. d. ›. î®±ºl®¢‡®±w®±Ý š®N¯Š®ouµ²ºvSµ KzÞ›, ‡®±±. d. wµŠ®ïxºu® y®äy®äs®î®± y¯äN®³q® š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®±w®±Ý þî¯d ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u®ªå y¯äŠ®º†Ã›u®Š®±. D š®æq®ºq®ä y¯äN®³q® š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®± AŒµS®¡®± Aºu®Šµ î®±±ºvw® AvÃîµ°ý®w®S®¡®± y®¼nµ, î®±±º…‰± îµ²u®Œ¯u® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå N¯p›Nµ²ºl®î®¼. Cq®Š® EX®Ï ýµ¶£®pN® š®ºšµÚS®¢S®² ¯u®‹‡®¾¯u® Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± þî¯d ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u®ªå N®Šµu® y®äs®î®± y¯äN®³q® š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®± xuµ°«ý®N®Š¯T, A®± u®±mu® ‹°r, Au®w®±Ý Bv‰±ºu® Aºq®ãu®î®ŠµSµ š®U®i›u® Q‹, š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®±ªå N¯‡®±±ÛNµ²ºl®± …ºu® ýµ¶£®pN® Hq®ÙŠ® îµ²u®Œ¯u®î®¼S®¡®w®±Ý N®n¯ØŠµ N®ºmuµÛ°wµ. B š®ºSµ²°™Õ‡®± Eu¯Íhwµ‡®± Bî®±ºq®äo y®räNµ‡®±ªå A®± bµ¶w¯S®î®± S®äºs® (BX¯Š¯ºS®) u®ªå‡®± Kºu®± î¯N®ãî®w®±Ý þ°™«Nµ (š¯©w¯Ý)‡®¾¯T AX®±Ï œ¯O›u®ÛŠ®± :

“bµ°nµ°î® š®u¯ÜI pN®Ëî®±ºqµ²° q®îµ±°î® Ao±y¯Œµ°b¯Ñ”

“x°w®± ‡®¾¯î® ý®äuµÜ‰±ºu® œµ²Š®iŠ®±îµ‡µ²° Au®NµÊ (Nµ²wµ‡®± µSµ) AºiNµ²ºmŠ®±.”

D ¯ï±«N® î¯N®ã „¯Š®q®u® ïïu® „¯S®S®¢ºu® …ºu® š®±î®¾¯Š®± 42 ïu¯æºš®‹Sµ Aq®ãºq® „µ²°u®y¯ä‡®±î¯Tq®±Ù. œ®©î¯Š®± q®²S®u® Býµ-BN¯º£µS®¡®w®±Ý œµ²q®±Ù X®ºX®© Yq®ÙŠ¯u® q®Š®±o‹Sµ ïýµ°Ç®î¯T ¯S®«u®ý®«N®î¯TvÛq®±.

HŒµ‡®± î®±Šµ‡®± N¯‰±‡®±ºru®±Û N¯‡®±« ¯l®±rÙu®Û l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± œ®©î®¼ š®ºýµ²°u®w® š®ºšµÚ, š¯Ÿq®ã y®äý®›Ù ïý®æš®Úxvà q®±Ù ý¯ý®æq® î¯ãP¯ãw® ¯Œ¯ ïý®æš®Úxvà ±ºq¯u®î®¼S®¡®w®±Ý š®ºš¯Úzš®©± y®äî®±±Q N¯Š®oy®¼Š®±Ç®Š®², yµä°Š®N®-š®©œµS¯Š®Š®² BTu®ÛŠµº…±u®± Awµ°N®‹Sµ Sµ²rÙŠ®ªOÊ©å.

„®S®î¯w¬ î®±œ¯ï°Š®š¯æﱇ®± 2500 wµ° xo î®±œµ²°q®éî® š®ºu®„®«u®ªå, î®±œ¯ï°Š® š¯æﱇ®± cw®âš®Ú¡®î¯u® ý¯ª‡®±ªå (†œ¯Š®) y¯äN®³q® î®±q®±Ù bµ¶w® ïu¯ãš®ºýµ²°u®w® š®ºšµÚ‡µ²ºu®w®±Ý š¯Úzš®©±, †œ¯Š® š®Š®N¯Š®u® š®œ¯‡®± š®œ®N¯Š®S®¡µ²ºvSµ î®±q®±Ù §°ý¯ºry®äš¯u® bµ¶w®Š®ºs® î®±±ºu¯¡®±q®w®uµ²ºvSµ y®ä‡®±rÝš®±î®ªå î®±q®±Ù Au®Š®ªå ‡®±ý®š®±é q®Š®±î®u®Š®ªå l¯. Ey¯uµ㇮±î®Š®± î®±œ®q®æu® y¯q®äî®w®±Ý ›u®ÛŠ®±. „¯Š®r°‡®± b¯Ów®z°j®u® y®är™Õq® š®³cw®þ°© š¯Ÿq®ã y®äý®›Ù‡®±w®±Ý N®²l® š®ºš¯Úzš®©± î®±q®±Ù Au®Š® Š®²y®Šµ°Çµ‡®±w®±Ý ›u®Üy®mš®©± x°mu® A® š®©œµ-¯S®«u®ý®«w®S®¡®± …©± Ey®‡®±±N®Ùî¯u®î®¼. vªå ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u®ªå ý¯ý®æq®î¯u® “Š¯cN®³Ç®Ø bµ¶w® î¯ãP¯ãw® ¯Œµ”‡®±w®±Ý š®ºš¯Úzš®©± D hä›Ôw® Au®㣮Š¯u® §° yµä°î®±X®ºu® bµ¶w®‹Sµ yµä°Š®nµ-š®©œµS®¡®w®±Ý x°m B ¯Œµ‡®± N¯‡®±«y®än¯ª‡®± Š®²y®Šµ°Çµ‡®±w®²Ý ›u®Ü¯mNµ²hÔŠ®±. y®är ®±Ç® K…à P¯ãq® ïu¯æºš®‹ºu® bµ¶w®ïuµã-y¯äN®³q® £µ°q®äNµÊ ¹ªN® Nµ²l®±Sµ š®ªåš®±î®ºs® 2-3 î¯ãP¯ãw®S®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²mš®±î®u®± D ¯Œµ‡®± y®äî®±±Q EuµÛ°ý®î¯Tuµ. D y®äN¯Š®u® î¯ãP¯ãw® ¯Œµ „¯Š®q®u® ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¡®ªå y®äy®äs®î®±î¯Tuµ î®±q®±Ù CºvS®² Aq®±©x°‡®±î¯Tuµ. A©åuµ Cu®± „¯Š®q®u® œ®©î®¼ ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±S®¢S®², š®ºýµ²°u®w® š®ºšµÚS®¢S®² yµä°Š®N®î¯T, AS®¡®ªå Cºs® î¯ãP¯ãw® ¯ŒµS®¡®± š®ºš¯Úzš®©Þl®±î®ºqµ ¯mq®±. vªå ïý®æïu¯ã©‡®±u® D î¯ãP¯ãw® ¯Œµ‡®±ªå (š®yµÔº…Š¬ 1991) w®w®Ýuµ²ºu®± y®¼Ç®Þî®w®±Ý šµ°‹š®±î® „¯S®ã w®w®Ýu¯TqµÙºu®± D š®ºu®„®«u®ªå EŒµå°Rš®©± w®w®Sµ A†Ã¯w®îµxš®±q®Ùuµ. w®w®Ý ïÇ®‡®±. “Jaina Code of Conduct for House holders Its signicance and Its Relevance to the Present Times” S®³œ®š®Ú‹S¯Tu®Û bµ¶w® x°r š®ºŸqµ, Au®Š® î®±œ®q®æ î®±q®±Ù Cºvw® vw®S®¡®ªå Au®Š® Mdq®ã'' Hºu¯Tq®±Ù. D Ey®w¯ãš®S®¡®± AŸºš¯ î®±ºvŠ®, œµ²š®vªå î®±±P¯ºq®Š® y®¼š®ÙN® Š®²y®u®ªå y®äN®hî¯Tîµ.