Literally Jina means a conqueror, that is, one who has conquered the
worldly passions like desire, hatred, anger, greed, pride, etc. by one's
own strenuous efforts and has been liberated himself from the bonds of
worldly existence, the cycle of births and deaths. Jina, therefore, is a
human being and not a supernatural being or an incarnation of an all
mighty God. Hence the term Jina is applied to a person who is a spiritual
victor.
Further, human beings have the potentiality to become Jinas and, as such,
Jinas are persons of this world who have attained supreme knowledge,
subjugated their passion and are free from all sorts of attachment and
aversion. Jainism is thus a set of principles preached by the Jinas. Hence
Jainism is not an apauruseya religion, i.e., a religion propounded by a
non-human being or based on a sacred book of non-human origin. On the
contrary it is a religion of purely human origin and is preached by one
who has attained omniscience and self-control by his own personal efforts.
In short, Jainism is the substance of the preaching of those perfect souls
who have attained the state of Jainas.
Again, the term Jainism, connotes the religion professed by the Jainas,
i.e. the followers of the path practiced and preached by the Jinas. This
term Jainism is an English rendering of the original Sanskrit word Jaina-dharma
or Jina-dharma. That is why some German Jainologists, like Leumann,
Winternitz and Schubring, prefer the term Jinismus or Jinism. Both the
terms are, however, correct since Jainism means the religion followed by
the Jinas and Jainism means the religion of the Jina. But between the two
terms, Jainism and Jinism, the former is more popular and in current use
both in literature and common parlance.
