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16-17.
Human
souls are of two .kinds; born in Work-region or in Enjoyment-region.
Hellish souls should be known to be of seven kinds,- because of the
regions.
Sub-human souls are said to be of fourteen kinds. Celestial souls (are) of
four kinds. Their detailed account should be known from (the scripture)
Loka-Vibhaga.
Commentary.
In the latter half �of the 14th and the three gathas following it, have
been described the modifications of the substance, soul. Of these:
modifications, the natural one is the modification. in the pure and
liberated condition of the soul. Non-natural modifications are impure
conditions which arise through the activity of the Karmic matter.
With reference to the conditions of existence, the Non-natural
modifications are divided into four kinds:-
Human, Hellish, Sub-human and Cele ial.
Human souls are of two kinds:-
(a) Born in Work-Region These souls have and to earn their livelihood by
follow-different; operations, such as military. agricultural, and
commercial.
b) Born in Enjoyment-Region. These souls live in a condition of life where
there is all enjoyment with but any work, business or effort, Cundakunda�s
Niyamasara
Hellish Souls., These souls -have-to ,stay in one or other of the1
seven nether regions, according to the effect of their evil karmas. They
always have a very bad thought-paint, sense �perception and transformation
there is no enjoyment or pleasure at all ( Vide-Tatwarthadbigama Sutra,
the Sacred Books of the Jainas, Volume II Chapter III Sutras l to 6 ).
Sub-human Souls. Excepting the Human, he Hellish and the Celestial souls,
all others from the one- sensed to the five-sensed living beings, are
called sub-human souls or Tiryancha.
They are called Tiryaneha, from the word fryak, crooked, because they:
adopt crooked through-activities. They are in a very low position as
regards their body, enjoyment, etc., have little knowledge, and have
multifarious grave demerits. The fourte in kinds of Sub-human, Souls
referred to in Gatha 7 are as follows:-
|
(1)
Fine One-sensed ..
(2)
Gross One-sensed ..
(3)
� Two-sensed ..
(4)
� Three-sensed ..
(5)
�
Four-sensed ..
(6)
Irrational five-sensed
(7)
Rational five-sensed |
Each
of ese-seven may, be
(1)
Develolopabl -(able or
(2)
�Non ceve-
lpabl
and
they are thus divide into
into
14 groups.
|
( Vide�
�Gommatasara Jiva Jani, Chapter II Gatha 72 ).
Celestial Souls or Devas. They are called Deva, from the root Div to
shine, because they always amuse themselves with their heavenly
acquisitions and have a shining heavenly constitution, which is
technically called Vaikriyika Sharira or Fluid body.
These celestial bodies can assume any form they like Their body has no
flesh, blood, or bone, there are no filthy excretions from it, and it is
lustrous.
These beings form four groups :-
(a) Residential ( Bhawana Vast ),
(b) Peripatetic ( Vyantara ).
(c) Stellar ( Jyotishka ).
(d) Heavealy ( Vairiianika )
(Vide Tatwartha dhigama Sutra by Mr. J.L. Jaini Chapter IV ).
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18, From the practical point r of view, a mundane soul causes (
the bondage 6f ) material Karmas ^ad experiences ( their results ); but
from the (injure) real point of view the soul creates ( and ) experiences
thought-activities arising through the ( effect of } Karmas.
Commentary.
When we think of soul as a substance quite free and distinct the material
Karmas, we find that the pure real point of view, it causes and
experiences its own pure , thought-activities, peace, etc. When we
think of a mundane soul which is in bondage with Karmas, we find that
from the impure real point of view, it causes and experiences its own
impure thought-activities, anger, pride, greed, pain, pleasure, etc.
These impure thought-activities arise in soul, through the operation of
deluding Karmas; they are not the soul�s own pure and teal
thought-activities. Whenever any impure thought- activity appears in a
mundane soul, the Karmic matter is itself attracted towards the soul and
bound with it. Thus the soul does not really cause the bondage of the
Karmas and is from the practical point of view, said to be the causer
of Karmas. When any material Karma which was bound some time before comes
into operation and disturbs the thought-activity of the soul, it is then
that the soul experiences rain or pleasure. Thus the soul, in reality,
experiences its own impure thought-activity; but from the practical point
of view only it is said to experience the results of material Karmas.
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19. From the substance point of view ( all ) souls are free from the
modifications mentioned before; but from the modification-point-of-view
souls are possessed of both .( the Natural and Non-natural modifications
).
