GLOSSARY OF NON-ENGLISH WORDS

 

Acharyaji	A Sadhu who is learned, is master of scriptures, and is head of a Sangh.
Adhi	Two and a half.
Aghati	The four types of Karmas, whose effect on soul are much milder than the other four. These effects end at the end of a life.
Airavat	Name of a Kshetra.
Antary	A Ghati Karma that obstructs the vigor of soul.
Anuvrat	A vow that is not as strict as a Mahavrat. Anuvrats are for people living family lives. The five Vrats are: Ahimsa, Truth, Non-stealing, Self-control, and Limited-Accumulation.
Ara	One of the six divisions of time. Runs from thousands to billions of years. The 5th Ara already started some 2,500 years ago.
Arihant	Conqueror of internal enemies, such as anger, pride, deceit, greed, jealousy, hatred, intrigue, passions, etc.
Atithi	One who may come any time, unexpectedly, without invitation, and still welcome with love and respect.
Atma	Soul.
Ayushya	An Aghati Karma that determines how long one would live.
Beindriya	Lives with two senses, namely touch and taste.
Bharat	Name of a Kshetra. We live in this Bharat Kshetra, located in southern Jambu Dweep.
Charitra	Conduct, or behavior, without any hatred or attachment. A pure soul is completely free from attachments and hatreds.
Chauvisantho	A prayer to the twenty four Tirthankars of this Kaal in Bharat Kshetra. We list, bow, and praise them for their great virtues.
Choindriya	Lives with four senses, namely touch, taste, smell, and sight.
Darshan	Perception. A pure soul has infinite perception.
Darshanavaraniya	A Ghati Karma that obscures the capacity of soul of perceiving everything.
Dev	A soul in heaven, or at a high spiritual level.
Devlok	Heaven.
Dhairya	Patience. A pure soul has infinite patience.
Dhatakikhand	Name of a Dweep.
Dukkadam	Bad deed or fault/lapse.
Dweep	A large isolated area. There are two and a half Dweeps, each with three Kshetras in them.
Ganadharji	The first (principal) disciples of Tirthankars. Mahavir had eleven.
Gandhasthi	The best elephant.
Ghati	The four types of Karmas, whose effects are much stronger than the other four. These effects last for many lives.
Gnan	Knowledge. A pure soul has infinite knowledge.
Gnanavaraniya	A Ghati Karma that obscures the capacity of soul of knowing everything.
Gotra	An Aghati Karma that determines the status.
Grevayak	High heaven.
Gunavrat	Three vows that enhance the five Anuvrats.
Gupti	Self-controls over Mind, Speech, and Body.
Guru/ji/dev	A religious teacher.
Jain	A follower of Jainism. ("Jai" means Victory.)
Jainism	The religion preached by Mahavir and other Tirthankars, with high emphasis on conquering the inner enemies.
Jambu	Name of a Dweep.
Jina/Jineshwar	Another word for Tirthankars, based on "Jai."
Jiv	Soul.
Jojan	A unit of measuring very long distances.
Jyotish Chakra	Area of space in which zodiac planets, stars, etc. are located.
Kaal	Time. Runs into more than billions of years, per cycle.
Karma	A deed, good or bad. Upon maturing, it delivers its fruit. There are 4 Ghati and 4 Aghati types of Karmas. Effects of Ghati karmas are much stronger, and they last for many lives.
Kausagga	A motionless state of body, as if the soul has departed from it.
Kayotsarga	Same as Kausagga, above.
Kevaldarshan	Infinite perception. After acquiring it, the cycle of births and deaths is broken forever. Any soul can attain it, by getting rid of Karmas, attachments, and hatreds. With it come Kevalgnan, infinite Dhairya, Tapa and Veerya.
Kevaldarshi	One who has Kevaldarshan.
Kevalgnan	Infinite knowledge.
Kevali/gnani	One who has Kevalgnan.
Kshetra	An area, site, or location where human lives exist. Each Kshetra has four more similar counterparts.
Mahavideha	Name of a Kshetra. Twenty Tirthankars are there in existence, right now, so they are the most sacred Kshetras.
Mahavrat	A vow that is much stricter than an Anuvrat. Only Sadhus dare to take it. There are five Mahavrats.
Mantra	A prayer with magical powers, charms.
Michchhami	Dissolution.
Mohaniya	A Ghati Karma that deludes the capacity of soul of thinking properly.
Moksha	The state of liberation for a soul.
Muktishila	The topmost area of universe, the area of freedom. After death, a liberated soul rises to it, and never comes back from there. Every soul in there has infinite Gnan, Darshan Dhairya, Tapa, and Veerya.
Muni	One who keeps Maun (silence). He only observes, without praising or complaining.
Naam	An Aghati Karma that determines the physique.
Navkar	A prayer consisting of nine lines, the most meaningful of all the prayers.
Pachchakhan	Formality for taking a vow.
Pad	Line of a poem, or a step.
Panch	Five.
Panchendriya	Lives with five senses, namely touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.
Poshadh	A day chosen by a householder to live like a Muni.
Pratikraman	Going back to the original virtues (of soul), which include compassion, peace, even-temperament, forgiveness, etc.
Pundarik	The best lotus.
Pushakarvar	Name of a Dweep. Only half of it is used for living.
Rajlok	The universe is divided into 14 Rajloks, consisting of hells, Dweeps, heavens, etc.
Sadhu	A man who has given up the family life, wealth, and worldly comforts for seeking liberation, and learning religious scriptures.
Sadhvi/ji	A female Sadhu.
Samayik	State of calmness and equanimity of mind and
speech.	Usually 48 minutes for householders, and a lifetime for Sadhus.
Samiti	Five areas of cautiousness: Walking, Speaking, Taking food, Handling materials, and Discarding excrete.
Sangh	Fourfold society, as founded by a Tirthankar, consisting of male and female Sadhus and householders, all following the principles of Jainism.
Santhara (o)	Peaceful, voluntary and planned religious death.
Sanvar	Prevention of influx of Karmas.
Shikshavrat	Four vows, which prepare and train a householder for the eventual Muni life.
Shravakji	Male householder, following the principles of Jainism.
Shravika	Female householder, like above.
Shri	A prefix used to indicate respect.
Siddha	One who has achieved liberation from cycles of births and deaths, and now in Muktishila.
Sootra	A scripture, written in Ardhamagdhi language.
Tapa	Penance, or austerities. Intended to destroy the Karmas. A pure soul has infinite Tapa.
Tassa	For that.
Teindriya	Lives with three senses, namely touch, taste, and smell.
Tirthankar	One who reestablishes the religion and fourfold society of Sadhus, Sadhvis, Shravaks, and Sharavikas.
Upadhyay/ji	A Sadhu who is learned, has mastered, and teaches religious scriptures.
Vandana	Act of bowing, or offering salutations.
Vedaniya	An Aghati Karma that determines the pain and/or pleasure giving situations.
Veerya	Strength or vigor. A pure soul has infinite vigor.
Vitraag	One whose attachment (for materials) is gone.
Vrat	Vow.
Sometimes "ji" or "dev" is added as a suffix for additional respect, where indicated.