Concept of karma

 

 

133.         How many different types of living beings are there? 

There are 2 types:

1.      Transmigratory

2.      Liberated. 

134.         What constitutes transmigratory living beings (Sansary jiva)? 

The souls’ existence along with association of karma constitutes transmigratory living beings.

 

135.         What constitutes the liberated living beings (Mukta jiva)? 

The souls’ existence without any associative relationship with any karma comprises liberated living beings.

 

136.         How may karma be defined? 

Should the soul be in the impure state due to attachment (Rag) and aversion (Dwesh), it becomes an instrumental condition for the karman particles get bonded with the soul.  These particles are called karma.

 

137.         How many different factor are involved in bondage (bandh)? 

            There are 4 factors: 

1.      Types of particles involved in bondage (Prakruti bandh)

2.      Quantities of particles bonded (Pradesh bandh)

3.      Duration of bondage (Sthiti bandh)

4.      Intensity of bondage (Anubhag bandh)

 

138.          What are the causes for the above-mentioned bondages? 

The actions of mind, speech and body are the instrumental causes in the vibratory activity of the soul’s space units.  This action is called yog. This yog is the basis for the types and quantities of karma bondage. (Prakruti and Pradesh bandh.)  The passions (wrong belief, anger, ego, deceit and greed) are the cause for the duration and intensity of karma bondage. (Sthiti and Anubhag bandth.) 

Types of Karma Bondage  

139.         What are the types of bondage (Prakruti bandh) 

The eight types of karma (the deluding karma, the knowledge obscuring karma, etc.)  which bond to the soul are called types of bondage (Prakruti bandh). 

140.         How many subdivisions of types of bondage are there? 

             There are 8 types: 

1.      Knowledge obscuring karma (Gnanavarniya karma)

2.      Perception obscuring karma (Darshanavarniya karma)

3.      Feeling producing karma (Vedniya karma)

4.      Deluding karma (Mohaniya karma)

5.      Life span determining karma (Ayu karma)

6.      Body determining karma (Nam karma)

7.      Status determining karma (Gotra karma)

8.      Obstructing karma (Antaray karma) 

141.         What is knowledge obscuring karma (Gnanavarniya karma)? 

The soul has knowledge (Gnan) as an important attribute.  This attribute, just as any other attribute of a substance, will have modes/changes occuring continuosly.  The karma, which become an instrumental cause in destroying these modes, is called knowledge obscuring karma. 

142.         How many subtypes of knowledge obscuring karma are there? 

There are five types, as follow:

1.      Empirical or cognitive knowledge obscuring karma (Mati gnanavarniya karma)

2.      Scripture or articulate knowledge obscuring karma (Shrut gnanavarniya karma)

3.      Clairvoyance knowledge obscuring karma (Avadhi gnanavarniya karma)

4.      Telepathy knowledge obscuring karma (Manahparyah gnanavarniya karma)

5.      Omniscience knowledge obscuring karma (Keval gnanavarniya karma)

 

143.         What is the definition of perception obscuring karma (Darshanavarniya karma)? 

The karma, which become an instrumental cause for the destruction of the soul’s perception attribute’s mode, is called perception-obscuring karma.

 

144.         How many subtypes of perception obscuring karma are there? 

There are nine types.

·         Four are related to the perception

·         Five are related to sleep. 

1.      Perception related:

·         Vision perception obscuring karma (Chakshu darshanavarniya karma)

·         Non-vision perception obscuring karma (Achakshu darshanavarniya karma)

·         Clairvoyance perception obscuring karma (Avadhi darshanavarniya karma)

·         Omniscience perception obscuring karma (Keval darshanavarniya karma) 

2.      Sleep related:

·         Light sleep producing karma (Nindra)

·         Deep sleep producing karma (Nindra nindra)

·         Sound sleep producing karma (Prachala)

·         Exceeding intense sleep producing karma (Prachala prachala)

·         Somnambulistic sleep producing karma (Styangrudhdhi nindra)

 

145.         What is the definition of feeling karma (Vedniya karma)? 

The karma which become an instrumental cause in the interruption of soul’s uninterrupted happiness (Avyabadh sukh) attribute’s modes is called feeling karma.  As a result of this, the soul remains agitated (Akulta). 

 

146.         How many different types of feeling karma are there? 

There are two types.

1.      Pleasure producing karma (Sata vedniya karma)

2.      Pain producing karma (Asata vedniya karma) 

 

147.         What is the definition of deluding karma (Mohaniya karma) 

The karma which become the instrumental cause in destroying the soul’s right belief and right conduct attributes’ modes is called deluding karma.

 

148.         How many types of deluding karma are there? 

There are two types:

1.      Right belief deluding karma (Darshan mohaniya karma)

2.      Right conduct deluding karma (Charitra mohaniya karma)

 

149.          What is the definition of right belief deluding karma (Darshan mohaniya karma)? 

The karma, which becomes an instrumental cause in destroying the soul’s right belief attribute’s modes, is called right belief deluding karma.

 

150.         How many different types of right belief deluding karma are there? 

There are three types as follow:

1.      Wrong belief deluding karma (Mithyatva mohaniya karma)

2.      Right/wrong belief deluding karma (Mishra monaniya karma)

3.      Clouded right belief deluding karma (Samyaktva mohaniya karma) 

151.         What is called wrong belief deluding karma? 

This is a type of deluding karma.  When the fruition of these karma occur, then the soul has faith in non-reality (Atatva shradhdhan).

 

152.         What is called right/wrong belief deluding karma? 

This is also a type of deluding karma.  When the fruition of these karma occurs, then the soul has mixed modifications (Parinama), which cannot be called either right faith or wrong faith. 

153.         What is called ‘clouded right faith’ deluding karma? 

This is a type of deluding karma.  Here, when these karma give fruition, then the mode of the right belief quality is not destroyed. Instead, it is associated with certain foulness, like unsteadiness of ideas (Chal), impurities of the ideas (Mal) and lack of firmness of ideas (Agadh).  Omniscient Jina knows the nature of such minute state of foulness, as described here.  All three of the above foulnesses can be explained as follow:  Remember that the soul has conventional (Vyavhar) ascertainment (Pratiti) of the true omniscient.   

·         Unsteadiness of ideas (Chal) – there is unsteadiness within the thought process that this Omniscient is ”mine” and that Omniscient belongs to “others”. 

·         Impurities of ideas – rise of doubt, etc. (Mal), are called impurities of ideas.

·         Lack of firmness (Agadh) – When this Lord Shantinath bestows peace, etc., this feeling is called lack of firmness.

The above-mentioned examples are given conventionally (Vyavahar), but there is no set rule.   Only Omniscient Lord knows these kinds of foulnesses. One should realize that some sort of foulness is found in the belief of reality (Tatvarth).

 

154.         What is known as “right conduct” deluding karma (Charitra mohniya karma)?  

The karma, which destroy the right conduct attribute’s mode, are called right conduct deluding karma.

 

155.         How many different types of right conduct deluding karma are there? 

There are two types:  

1.      Passions karma (kashay)

2.      Quasi-passions karma (nokashay)

 

156.         How many different types of passions karma are there? 

There are four types each with four sub types:

 

·         Passions karma for infinite bondage of the soul (Anantanubandhi kashay karma), whicht has four subtypes:

-Anger (Krodh), ego (Man), deceit (Maya), and greed (Lobh). 

·         Passion karma for the partial vows prevention of the soul (Apratyakhyanavaran kashay karma), which has four subtypes:

-Anger, ego, deceit and greed.

·         Passion karma for the complete vows prevention of the soul (Pratyakhyanavaran kashaya), which has four subtypes:

-Anger, ego, deceit and greed.

·         Passion karma for the perfect conduct prevention of the soul (Sanjavalan kashaya), which has four subtypes:

-Anger, ego, deceit and greed.

 

157.         How many subtypes of quasi-passions karma are there? 

There are nine subtypes:

1.      Laughter (Hashya)

2.      Indulgence (Rati)

3.      Dissatisfaction (Arati)

4.      Sorrow (Shok)

5.      Fear (Bhay)

6.      Disgust (Jugupsa)

7.      Male disposition (Purush ved)

8.      Female disposition (Stri ved)

9.      Hermaphroditic disposition (Napunshak ved)

 

158.         Define passions karma for infinite bondage of the soul (Anantanubandhi kashaya karma).  

The passion karma that destroy the soul’s ‘self-absorption conduct’ (Swarupacharan charitra) is called the passions karma for infinite bondage of the soul.

 

159.         What is the definition of partial vows preventing passions karma (Apratyakhyanavarniya kashay)? 

The passion karma that destroy the soul’s ‘the partial pure conduct with self-restraint’ (Desh charitra), is called the partial vow preventing passions karma.

 

160.         What is the definition of complete vow preventing passions karma (Pratyakhyanavarniya kashay)? 

The passion karma that destroys the soul’s ‘the complete pure conduct with self restraint’ (Sakal charitra) is called the complete vow preventing passions karma.

 

161.         What is the definition of the perfect conduct preventing passions karma (Sanjvalan kashaya) and quassi passions karma? 

The passion karma and quassi passions karma that destroy the soul’s ‘passionless perfect conduct’ (Yathakhyat charitra) are called the perfect conduct preventing passions and quassi passions karma.

 

162.         What is the life span determining karma (Ayu karma)? 

The karma that destroy the accommodative attributes of the soul (Avagahan guna) are called the life span determining karma.  Here the soul gets locked into subhuman (Tiryanch), infernal (Narki), human (Manushya), or celestial (Dev) bodies

 

163.        How many different types of life span determining karma are there?

There are four types:

1.      Subhuman

2.      Infernal

3.      Human

4.      Celestial

 

164.         What is the definition of body determining karma (Nam karma)? 

The karma which destroy the subtleness attributes (Sukshmatva guna) of the soul is called the body determining karma.  Here the soul gets involed in different forms, like realms of existence (Gati), body etc.

 

165.         How many different types of body determining karma are there? 

There are 93 subtypes:

1.      Four realms of existence (Gati)

a.      Infernal (Narki)

b.      Subhuman (Tiryanch)

c.      Human (Manushya)

d.      Celestial (Dev)

2.      Five genus of being (Jati)

a.      One-sensed (Ekendriya)

b.      Two-sensed (Dvi indriya)

c.      Three-sensed (Tri indriya)

d.      Four-sensed (Chaurendiya)

e.      Five-sensed (Panchendriya)

3.      Five bodies (Sharir)

a.      Physical bodies (Audarik sharir)

b.      Fluid bodies (Vaikriya sharir)

c.      Assimilative bodies (Aharak sharir)

d.      Fiery bodies (Tejash sharir)

e.      Karmic bodies (Karmic sharir)

4.      Five bondages (Bandhan)

a.      Physical body bondage (Audarik sharir bandhan)

b.      Fluid body bondage (Vaikriya sharir bandhan)

c.      Assimilative body bondage (Aharak sharir bandhan)

d.      Fiery body bondage (Tejash sharir bandhan)

e.      Karmic body bondage (Karmic sharir bandhan)

5.      Five integrations of body (Sanghat)

a.      Integrations of the physical body (Audarik sharir sanghat)

b.      Integrations of the fluid bodies (Vaikriya sharir sanghat)

c.       Integrations of the assimilative body (Aharak sharir sanghat)

d.      Integrations of the fiery body (Tejesh sharar sanghat)

e.      Integrations of the karmic body (Karmic sharir sanghat)

6.      Six figures of bodies (Sansthan)

a.      Perfect symmetry of the total body (Samchaturashra sansthan)

b.      Symmetrical upper and asymmetrical lower body (Nyagrodh parimandal sansthan)

c.      Symmetrical lower and asymmetrical upper body (Svati sansthan)

d.      Hunchback (Kubjaka sansthan)

e.      Dwarf (Vaman sansthan)

f.        Deformed (Hundak sansthan)

7.      Three limbs and their related parts (Angopang)

a.      Physical body limbs and their related parts (Audarik sharir angopang)

b.      Fluid body limbs and their related parts (Vaikriya sharir angopang)

c.      Assimilative body limbs and their related parts (Aharak sharir angopang) 

8.      Six types of formations e.g. bone, muscle, etc. (Sanhanana)

a.      Adamantine nerves, joints and bones formations (Vraja rushabha naracha sanhanana)

b.      Adamantine joints and bones formations (Vraja naracha sanhanana)

c.      Unbreakable joints and bones formations (Naracha sanhanana)

d.      Semi-unbreakable joints and bones formations (Ardha narach sanhanana)

e.      Riveted bones formations (Kilika sanhanana)

f.         Loosely jointed bones formations (Asamprapta strupatica sanhanana)

9.      Five colors (Varna)

a.      Black (Krishna)

b.      Blue (Nila)

c.      Red (Rakta)

d.      Yellow (Pitta)

e.      White (Shukla)

10.  Two smells (Gandh)

a.      Sweet smelling fragrance (Sugandh)

b.      Foul smell (Durgandh)

11.  Five tastes (Ras)

a.      Pungent (Tikta)

b.      Bitter (Katuka)

c.      Salty/astringent (Kashaya)

d.      Acid (Amla)

e.      Sweet (Madhura)

12.  Eight touches (Sparsha)

a.      Hard (Kathora)

b.      Soft (Komala)

c.      Heavy (Guru)

d.      Light (Laghu)

e.      Cold (Shita)

f.        Hot (Ushna)

g.      Smooth (snigdha)

h.      Rough (Ruksha) 

13.  Four migratory forms (Anupurvi)

a.      Infernal migratory form (Narak anupurvi)

b.      Subhuman migratory form (Tiryanch anupurvi)

c.      Human migratory form (Manushya anupurvi)

d.      Celestial migratory form (Deva anupurvi)

14.   Balace body weight - not too heavy, not too light body (Agurulaghu)

15.   Destructive (Upaghat)

16.   Bellicosity (Paraghat)

17.   Respiration (Uchchhavasa)

18.  Hot light (Atap)

19.  Cold light (Udyot)

20.  Two movements (Vihayogati)

a.      Graceful (Shubha)

b.      Awkward (Ashubha)

21.  Mobile (Trasha)

22.  Gross body (Badar)

23.  Capable of developing the body fully (Paryapta)

24.  Individual body (Pratyek sharir)

25.  Steady (Sthir)

26.  Beautiful body (Shubh sharir)

27.  Amiable personality (Subhaga)

28.  Sweet voice (Sushvar)

29.  Impressive (Adeya)

30.  Fame (Yashkirti)

31.  Formation (Nirman)

32.  Tirthankar

33.  Immobile (Sthavar)

34.  Fine body (Sukshma)

35.  Not capable of developing a full body (Aparyapta)

36.  Common body (Sadharan sharir)

37.  Unsteady (Asthir)

38.  Unpleasant body (Ashubh sharir)

39.  Displeasing personality (Durbhag)

40.  Harsh voice (Dushwar)

41.  Non-impressive (Anadeya)

42.  Notoriety (Ayash karti) 

           Additions of all of the above including their sub types totals 93.

 

166.         What are the karma related to realms of existence (Gati karma)?   

The karma, which give the soul the shape of an infernal being, subhuman being, human being, or celestial being, are called realms of existence karma.   

167.         What is called genus of being (Jati)?  

The soul’s understandig of the similar attributes of other substances within the group is called genus of being. 

 

168.         Define the karma for genus of being (Jati karma).   

The fruition of genus of being karma is the reason that the soul becomes the one sensed, two sensed, three sensed, four sensed, or five-sensed living beings.

 

169.         What is the meaning of body karma (sharir nam karma)?  

The soul’s body karma are inherent in acquiring physical, fluid, etc, bodies.  The fruition of body karma is the basis for this event. 

 

170.         (a).  What is the meaning of formation karma (Nirman nam karma)?  

When the soul acquires body, then the limbs and their related parts are acquired at the proper place in the body.  This is occurring due to the fruition of formation karma. 

(b).  What is called limbs and their related parts body karma (Angopanga nam karma)? 

The limbs and their related parts of physical, fluid, and assimilated body are obtained as a result of fruition of these karma. The head, back, heart, limbs, abdomen, and knees are called limbs, and forehead, nose, and lips are called their related parts.   

171.         What is the definition of bondage body karma (Bandhan nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma is the basis for the atoms of physical, etc, bodies to form a relationship with each other. 

 

172.         What is the integration of the body karma (Sanghat nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma is fundamental for physical etc bodies to enable the atoms within them to fuse with each other properly.

 

173.         What is the figure of body karma (Sansthan nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the shape to the body.

 

174.         What is the ‘perfect symmetry all over’ figure of body karma (Samchaturastra sansthan karma)?  

Fruition of these karma is the cause for body shape to be perfect at the top, middle, and bottom parts.

 

175.         What is called ‘symmetrical upper and asymmetrical lower’ figure of body karma (Nyagrodh parimandal sansthan karma)? 

Nyagrodh means fig tree, and parimandal means circumference.  The fruition of these karma is the cause for the body to be like a fig tree.  The body is short and asymmetrical below the navel, and large and symmetrical above it.

 

176.         What is the definition of ‘asymmetrical upper and symmetrical lower’figure of body karma (Svati sansthan karma)?   

Fruition of these karma gives the body as tapering, like a snake hole or an inverted funnel, broad and symmetrical in the lower, but short and asymmetrical in the upper extremities.

 

177.         What is called ‘hunchback’ figure of body karma (Kubjak sansthan karma)?  

The fruition of these karmas give rise to a hump on the back of the body.

 

178.         What is called ‘dwarf’ figure of body karma (Vaman sansthan karma)?  

The fruition of these karma results in one having a dwarf body. 

179.         What is called the deform body karma (Hundak sansthan karma)?   

The fruition of these karma gives no proper shape to any one or more limbs and their related parts.

 

180.         What is known as karma related to bones and joints, etc (Sanhanan nam karma)?  

Fruition of these karma is necessary for the different types of bondage including bones and joints.

 

181.         What is called the adamantine bones, joints, and nerves karma (Vraj rushabh narach sanhanan karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the body the adamantine bones, joints, and nerves. For example, the omniscient lord, when takes the last birth, as human being, he has this kind of body. It is a very strong body.

 

182.         What is called the adamantine bones and joints formation karma (Vraj narach sanhanan karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the body adamantine bones and joints but exclude the nerves, which are not adamantine.

 

183.         What is called the unbreakable bones and joints formation karma (Narach sanhanan karma)?  

With the fruition of these karma the bones and joints of the body are unbreakable.

 

184.         What is called the semi-unbreakable bones and joints formation karma (Ardha narach sanhanan karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give body semi-unbreakable bones and joints.

 

185.         What is called riveted bones formation karma (Kilika sanhanan karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give body riveted bone structures. 

186.         What is called loosely jointed bones formation karma (Asamprata srupatika sanhanan body karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give body the bones, which are loosely bonded.  There is no riveted strengthening. This is a very weak body. At present us, the mundane souls, have this kind of weak body.

 

187.         What is called color body karma (Varna nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give color to the body.

 

188.         What is known as smell body karma (Gandha nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give the sense of smell to the body.

 

189.         What are taste body karma (Ras nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give the sense of taste to the body.

 

190.         What are touch body karma (Sparsh nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give the sense of  touch  to the body.

 

191.         What is called the migratory form of body karma (Anupurvi nam karma)?  

When the mundane soul leaves the present body and then travels to the destination of another realm of existence (gati); then during the travel, the soul maintains the shape of its present body.  This happens due to the fruition of the migratory form of body karma.

 

192.         What is the balanced body weight; i.e. neither too heavy nor too light body karma  (Agurulaghu nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the body its balance weight.  As a result, the body is neither too heavy, like an iron ball, to move, nor too light like a cotton ball to wander away.

 

193.         What is called the self-destructive body karma (Upaghat nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the body such an organ that it can destroy the self.  For example, a stag’s horn.

 

194.         What is called the bellicosity body karma  (Paraghat nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma is the reason that the body has an organ, which can be responsible for destroying someone else.  For example, the paws of the lion.

 

195.         What is called the hot light body karma (Atap nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give hot light to the body, this appears hot to others, but not to the self.  For example, earth bodied living beings in the radiant sun would absorb the hot light.

 

196.         What is called the cold light body karma (Udyot nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give body cold light, like shining moon.

 

197.         What are ‘the movement in the space body’ karma (Vihayogati nam karma)?   

The fruition of these karma give the body the capacity to move in the cosmic space.  They are of two types:  graceful movements, and awkward movements.

 

198.         What are the respiratory body karma (Uchchhavas nam karma)?   

The fruition of these karma is the reason the body can take respiration.

 

199.         What are the mobile body karma (Tras nam karma)?   

Fruition of these karma is the reason that the body has two or more senses. These living beings can move themselves through their own volition.

 

200.         What are the stationary body karma (Sthavar nam karma)?   

The fruition of these karma is the reason that the soul is born in a one sensed life, like the earth bodies, water bodies, air bodies, fire bodies, or plant bodies.  Here, these living beings cannot move independently through their own volition.

 

201.         What are ‘the power to develop body’ karma (Paryapti nam karma)?  

The fruition of these karma give the soul the capacity to fully develop the body.  

 

202.         What is called the power to develop (Paryapti)? 

Here the food particles (ahar vargana), speech particles (bhasha vargana), mind particles (mano vargana), senses particles (indriya vargana), body particles (sharir vargana), and respiratory particles (swashochchhwas vargana) are able to give the soul the power to make a proper body and senses in their fullest form of development.

 

203.         How many different types of powers are there (Paryapti)? 

There are six types: 

1.      Food power (Ahar paryapti) - the soul has the capacity to act as an instrumental cause in collecting food particles in the form of large quantities around the soul and also to liquefy them.

2.      Body power (Sharir paryapti) - The food particles, which were collected in quantities, are now transformed into bones, etc, body parts.  The liquefied portion is converted as blood and fluid parts of the body. 

3.      Senses power (Indrya paryapti) - the food particles collected are now transformed into specific senses.

4.      Respiratory power (Swashochchhwas paryapti) - The soul becomes an instrumental cause in converting food particles into the respiratory organs and functions. 

5.      Speech power (Bhasha paryapti) - The soul becomes an instrumental cause in the food particles becoming converted to speech particles. 

6.      Mind power (Manah paryapti) - the soul becomes an instrumental cause in the transformation of material particles into specific mind particles.  These particles sit as eight petals at the heart.  One now has a mind as well as the capacity to think.   

As mentioned above, in all these powers the soul acts as an instrumental cause only.  The material particles themselves are converted into food, body, sense, speech, respiratory, and mind particles. 

One sensed livings have four powers: 

1.      Food

2.      Body

3.      Senses

4.      Respiratory 

Two sensed, three sensed, four sensed, and non-sentient five sensed living beings have all the powers except for the mind. 

Five sensed sentient living beings have all six powers.

All these powers last for intra-indian hour (Antar muhurt) and each power also lasts an intra-indian hour.  First to second to third, etc, powers last for an increasing time of an intra-indian hour.  For example, the first has a smaller time than the second, etc. 

All the powers start exactly at the same time; however, the completion of each occurs consecutively.  

The soul, who initiated the powers to develop, but has not yet completed the development is called the possessor of the power to accomplish complete development (Nirvutya paryaptak).  

One who has been completed through all the resultant powers is called fully developed (Paryaptak).   

One who has not completed even one power and who will be dead in 1/18 part of the respiration is determined incapable of development (Labdhya paryaptak) 

 

204.         What is called the undeveloped power (Aparyapti)? 

One who cannot accomplish any of the powers and who dies before any development is called undeveloped power.

 

205.         What are individual body karma (Pratyek nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give an individual body to the soul.

 

206.         What are common body karma (Sadharan nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give one body for too many souls to live together.  They are born together, and die together, for example, potato and other root vegetables.

 

207.         What is called the steady body karma (Sthir nam karma)?  What is called the unsteady body karma (Asthir nam karma)? 

The fruition of the steady body karma give the organs in the body, the steadiness. 

The fruition of the unsteady nam karma makes the organs in the body unsteady. 

 

208.         What are the beautiful body karma (Shubha nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give the charming body which draws the attention of other people.

 

209.         What are the ugly body karma (Ashubh nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma results in the upper part of the body being neither well built nor pleasing to others’ eyes.

 

210.         What are the amiable body karma (Subhag nam karma)?   

The fruition of these karma give one an amiable personality even though the body may not be beautiful.

 

211.         What are the unpleasant body karma (Durbhag nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give one a non-amiable personality, even though the body may be beautiful.

 

212.         What are the sweet voice body karma (Sushvar nam karma)? 

The fruition of these karma give one a sweet musical voice.

 

213.         What are the harsh voice body karma (Dushvar nam karma)?   

The fruition of these karma gives one a harsh voice

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