Jain Siddhant Praveshika (Q and A)
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Soul’s condition due to the association with karma 

Attitudes of the soul. 

 

339.     How many unique attitudes of the soul are there? (Ashadharan bhav)

                There are five types:

1.      The attitude of the soul resulting from cessation of the effect of the karma (Aupashamic bhav).

2.      The attitude of the soul resulting from annihilation of the effect of the karma (Kshayik bhav).

3.      The attitude of the soul resulting from partial cessation and partial annihilation of the effect of the karma  (Kshayopshamic bhav)

4.      The attitude of the soul resulting from the fruition of the karma (Audayik bhav)

5.      The attitude of the soul due to his own natural disposition (Parinamic bhav)  

 

340.    What is the attitude of the soul resulting from cessation of effects of the karma (Aupshamik bhav)?  

It is self-explanatory. The attitude of the soul occurs when there is cessation of the effect of karma transiently. Here the soul by his own efforts, suppresses the effect of the karma transiently.  

341.    What is called the attitude of the soul with annihilation of the effects of karma (Kshayik bhav)?            

When the karma have been destroyed completely, then the soul has very pure attitudes.  This is called the attitude of the soul with annihilation of the karma (Kshayik bhav).  

342.   What is the attitude of the soul resulting from partial cessation and partial annihilation   of the effect of karma (Kshayopshamik bhav)?  

When the effect of Karma becomes partially ceased and partially annihilated, then this attitude of the soul occurs.  

343     How can the attitude of the soul resulting from the fruition of the karma (Audayik bhav) be explained?  

The bonded karma come in the fruition at some time in the future. If the substance   (Dravya), area (Kshetra), time (Kal) and attitude of the karma (Bhav) are appropriate, then the fruition occurs in the karma. At the time of this fruition of the karma, the attitude of the soul is called audayika bhav.  

344.    What is called the attitude of the soul as his own natural disposition (Parinamik bhav)?  

In this situation, the soul has an attitude (Bhav), which does not depend on cessation, annihilation, partial cessation, and partial annihilation of the karma nor the fruition of the karma. This is the natural attitude of the soul by himself.  

345.    How many types of attitude of the soul by cessation of the fruition of the karma are there (Aupshamik bhav)?             

There are two types:

1.      Attitude due to the true faith (Samyaktva).

2.      Attitude due to the true conduct (Charitra).  

346     How many types of attitude of the soul are there due to annihilation of the karma?  (Kshayik bhav)?  

There are nine types, as follow:

1.      Annihilated true faith (Kshayik samyaktva).

2.      Annihilated true conduct (Kshayik charitra).

3.      Annihilated perception (Kshayik darshan).

4.      Annihilated knowledge (Kshayik gnan).

5.      Annihilated charity (Kshayik dan).

6.      Annihilated gain (Kshayik labh).

7.      Annihilated enjoyment (Kshayik bhog).

8.      Annihilated re-enjoyment (Kshayik upbhog).

9.      Annihilated vitality (Kshayik virya).

347.     How many types of attitude of the soul due to partial cessation/partial annihilation of the karma are there (Kshayopshamik bhav)?  

             There are eighteen types, as follow:

1.   True faith (Samykatva).

2.   True conduct (Charitra).

3.   Vision perception (Chakshu darshan).

4.   Nonvision perception (Achakshu darshan).

5.   Clairvoyance perception (Avadhi darshan).

6.   Partial restraint (Desh sanyam).

7.   Empirical knowledge (Mati gnan).

8.   Scriptural knowledge (Shrut gnan).

9.   Clairvoyance knowledge (Avadhi gnan).

10. Telepathy knowledge (Manah paryah gnan).

11.  Wrong empirical knowledge (Kumati gnan).

 12.  Wrong scriptural knowledge (Kushrut gnan).

13.   Wrong clairvoyance knowledge (Kuavadhi gnan).

14.   Charity (Dan).

15.   Gain (Labh).

16.   Enjoyment (Bhog).

17.   Re-enjoyment (Upbhog).

18.   Vitality (Virya).  

348.    How many types of attitude of the soul due to fruition of the karma are there (Audayik bhav)?

              There are twenty-one types, as follow:

           4.     Four realms of existence (Gati), (human, subhuman, infernal and celestial.)

8.     Four passions (Kashay), (anger, ego, deceit and greed.)

11.   Three genders (Ling), (male, female and hermaphroditic.)

12.   Wrong belief (Mithya darshan).

13.   Wrong knowledge (Agnan).

14.   Nonrestraint (Asanyam).

15.   Non-liberated state (Asidhdhatva).

21. Six Colorations of the soul (Leshaya), (yellow, red, white, black, blue and gray.)  

349     How many types of attitude of the soul, as his own natural disposition, are there    (Param parinanik bhav)?  

There are three types, as follow:

1.                 State of the individual soul (Jivatva).

2.                 Suitability for obtaining nirvana (Bhavyatva).

3.                 Non-suitability for obtaining nirvana (Abhavyatva).

 

Coloration of the soul. 

350.     What is called the coloration of the soul (Leshya)?  

            The vibratory activity of the space units of the soul occurring as a result of the fruition of the passions karma is called coloration of the soul (Leshya). This is the coloration attitude (Bhav leshya) seen in the soul.

            The color of the body like yellow, red, etc., is called the material colorations (Dravya leshya).

 

Attentive consciousness of the soul.  

351.     What is the meaning of the attentive consciousness (Upyog)?  

This soul’s characteristic is the consciousness (Chetna). The mode of this consciousness is called the attentive consciousness (Upyog).

 

352.     How many types of attentive consciousness (Upyog) are there?  

             There are two types:

1.      Perception attentive consciousness (Darshan upyog).

2.      Knowledge attentive consciousness (Gnan upyog).               

353.   Perception attentive consciousness (Darshan upyog) – how many types are there?

  There are four types, as follow:

1.      The vision perception attentive consciousness (Chakshu darshan).

2.      The non-vision perception attentive consciousness (Achakshu darshan).

3.      The clairvoyance perception attentive consciousness (Avadhi darshan).

4.      Omniscience perception attentive consciousness (Keval darshan).

 

354.   The knowledge attentive consciousness (Gnan upyog) – how many types are there?  

There are eight types, as follow:

1.      Empirical knowledge (Mati gnan).

2.      Scripture knowledge (Shrut gnan).

3.      Clairvoyance knowlege (Avadhi gnan).

4.      Telepathy knowledge (Manah paryaha gnan).

5.      Omniscience knowledge (Keval gnan).

6.      Wrong empirical knowledge (Kumati gnan).

7.      Wrong scriptural knowledge (Kushrut gnan).

8.      Wrong clairvoyance knowledge (Kuavadhi gnan).  

 

Instinct of the soul.    

355.      What is the definition of the instinct (Sangna)?  

             The desire of the living being is called the instinct (Sangna).

 

356.       How many types of instincts (Sangna) are there?  

             There are four types, as follow:

1.      Appetite instinct. (Ahar sangna)

2.      Fear instinct (Bhay sangna).

3.      Sex instinct. (Maithun sangna)

4.      Possession instinct. (Parigrah sangna)  

 

Soul's quest and its different types.  

357.      What is called the Soul's que (Margana)?  

The way, in which the living being is looked upon from different perspectives, is called the Soul's quest (Margana).  

358.      How many different types of soul quests are there? 

             There are fourteen types, as follow:

1.      Realms of existence (Gati).

2.      Senses (Indriya).

3.      Body (Kaya).

4.      Psychophysical activity (Yoga).

5.      Gender (Ved).

6.      Passions (Kashaya).

7.      Knowledge (Gnan).

8.      Restraint (Sanyan).

9.      Perception (Darshan).

10.  Coloration (Leshya).

11.  Suitability of the soul (Bhavyatva).

12.  True faith (Samyaktva).

13.  Sentience (Sangnitva).

14.  Accepting the matter (Ahar).  

Soul's quest of the realm of existence.  

359.      What is called the realm of existence (Gati)?  

At the time of the realm of existence of karma fruition, the soul has a mode. This is called the realm of existence (Gati).  

360.     How many types of realms of existence are there?  

                        Four types:

1.      Infernal.

2.      Subhuman.

3.      Human.

4.      Celestial.

 

Soul's quest of the senses. 

 

361.      What is called the senses (Indriya)?  

            The sign (ling) of the soul is called the sense.

 

362.      How many different types of senses are there?  

             There are Two types:

1.      Senses as clusters of matter (Dravya indriya).

2.      Senses as modes of the soul (Bhav indriya).

 

 

363.       What are the senses as clusters of matter (Dravya indriya)?  

             The senses as clusters of matter have a dual nature:

1.      As physical organs themselves (Nirvrutti).

2.      As the one which protects physical organs (Upkaran).  

364.      What is called the physical organ themselves (Nirvrutti)? 

The clusters of matter converted as an organ of the sense are called the physical organs themselves (Nirvrutti).

 

365.      How many types of physical organs themselves (Nirvrutti) are there?

            

             There are two types:

1.      External clusters of matter (Bahya nirvrutti).

2.      Internal soul space units (Abhyantar nirvutti).

 

 

366.       What is called the external clusters of matter (Bahya nirvrutti)?

 

The clusters of matter that have the shape of a sense organ are called external clusters of matter (Bahya Nirvrutti) such as the shape of an external ear.

 

367.       What is called the ‘internal soul space units’ (Abhyantar nirvrutti)?

 

The space units of the soul’s (Atma na pradesh) transformation of a given sense such as eyes or ears, etc., are called the internal soul space unit (Abhyantar nirvutti).

 

368.      What is called ‘assisting to the physical organs’ (upkaran)?

 

             The material particles, which protect the nirvrutti, are called upkaran.

 

369.      How many types of upkaran are there?

 

             There are two types:

1.      Internal.

2.      External.

 

370.      What is called the ‘internal devise assisting the physical organs’ (Abhyantar upkaran?

 

             For example, in the eye, the sclerae and cornea exist and they are called the internal upkaran (Abhyantar upkaran).

 

371.   What is called ‘the external devise assisting the physical organs’ (Bahya upkaran)?

 

For example, in the eyes, the eyelashes and the eyeball are called external      upkaran. They protect the nirvrutti.

 

372.      What is called senses as modes of the soul (Bhav indrya)?

 

             The senses as modes of the soul (Bhav indrya) are dual in nature.

1.      Sential potential (Labdhi).

2.      Sential application (Upyog).

 

373.     What is called the sentinel potential (Labdhi)?

 

The knowledge attribute in the soul and the material particles of the knowledge obscuring karma behave according to their own independent way. But they both have principle cause-auxiliary cause relationship. As a result of this, when there is the partial suppression and partial annihilation of the knowledge obscuring karma, the knowledge is also shinning accordingly in the soul. This type of shinning of the knowledge attribute in the soul is called the sentinel potential of the soul (Labdhi)

 

 

374.     What is called the sentinel application (Upyog)?

 

Out of the total sentinal potential in a mundane soul, only part of it is used in the   application process at a given time. This is part is called the sentinel application (Upyog).

 

375.      How many types of senses as clusters of matter are there (Dravya Indriya)?

           

            There are five types, as follow:

1.      Touch (Sparsan).

2.      Taste (Rasna).

3.      Smell (Ghran).

4.      Seeing (Chakshu).

5.      Hearing (Shrot).

 

 

376.     What is called the touch sense (Sparsan indriya)?

 

With the touch sense, one can feel eight types of sensations. They are as    follow:

1.      Cold (Sitt).

2.      Hot (Ushna).

3.      Dry (Ruksha).

4.      Oily (Chikkan).

5.      Hard (Kathor).

6.      Soft (Komal).

7.      Light (Halka)

8.      Heavy (Bhare).

 

 

377.      What is called the taste sense (Rasna indriya)?

 

With the help of the taste sense, one can identify five different taste sensations. They are as follow:

1.      Pungent (Tikkho).

2.      Bitter (Kadvo).

3.      Astringent (Kashaelo).

4.      Acid (Khato).

5.      Sweet (Mitho).

 

 

378.     What is called the smell sense (Ghran indriya)?

 

Through of this sense, one can possesses the knowledge of the smell. There are two types:

1.      Sweet smell (Sugandha).

2.      Foul smell (Durgandha).

 

 

379.      What is called the sight sense (Chakshu indriya)?

 

            With the help of this sense, one can see different colors like:

1.      White (Dholo).

2.      Yellow (Pilo).

3.      Green (Lilo).

4.      Red (Lal).

5.      Black (Kalo).

 

 

380.      What is called the hearing sense (Shrot indriya)?

 

With the help of this sense, one can hear seven types of sounds. This is called the hearing sense.

 

381.    How many senses are there in different living beings?

 

            The touch sense is seen in five types of living beings

These five are as follow:

 

1.      Earth body souls (Pruthvikaya).

2.      Water body souls (Apkaya).

3.      Fire body souls (Teukaya).

4.      Air body souls (Vaukaya).

5.      Plant body souls (Vanaspapikaya).

 

All of the above mentioned five living beings have one sense and that is the touch sensation.

Worms, shells, termites, and similar living beings have two senses- touch and       taste.

Lice, mothes and similar living beings have three senses- touch, taste and smell.

Flies, beetles, scorpions, crickets, and similar living beings have four senses- touch, taste smell and seeing.

Lions and other four-legged animals, human beings, infernal and celestial living beings have five senses- touch, taste, smell, seeing and hearing.

 

 

Soul's quest of the body.

 

382.     What is called kay?

           

The condition of the soul’s space units occurring as a result of the fruition of the mobile and immobile body making karma is called kay.

 

383.    What is called the mobile being (Trush kay)?

 

The soul’s taking birth as two, three, four and five senses living beings due to the fruition of the mobile body making karma is called mobile being. Here these living beings are able to move through their own volition.

 

384.   What is called the immobile being (Sthavar kay)?

 

An immobile being is a one-sense living being which has the fruition of the immobile body karma. Such immobilelliving biings are not able to move through their own volition.

 

385.    What is called gross body (Badar kay)?

 

The living being which can be stopped by earth; and, it can stop other substances is called gross body (Badar kay).

 

386.     What is called the fine body (Sukshma kay)?

 

The living being which cannot be stopped by earth; and, it cannot stop other substances is called fine body (Sukshma kay).

 

387.     How many types of plant body souls are there?

 

            There are two types:

1.      Solitary plant souls (Pratyek vanaspati kay).

2.      Common body plant souls (Sadharan vanaspati kay)

 

 

 

388.     What is called a solitary plant soul (Pratyek vanaspati kay)?

 

When the soul is the owner of one body, it is called a solitary plant soul (Pratyek vanaspati kay).

 

389.     What constitutes common body plant souls (Sadharan Vanaspati Kay)?

 

Plant living beings, which have a common body, are called common body plant souls.   Here, in one body, many souls reside. The breathing, accepting material for survival (ahar), age (ayu) and body (sharir) become common for many souls. These are called the common body plant souls (sadharan vanaspati kaya). For example – potato and onion are underground growing plants.

 

390.      How many different types of solitary plant souls are there?

           

            Two types:

1.      Dependent solitary plant souls (Sapratisthit pratyek).

2.      Nondependent solitary plant souls (Apratisthit pratkyek). 

 

 

391.      What is known as dependent solitary plant soul (Sapratisthit pratyek)?

 

The solitary plant souls, which depend on the common body plant souls, are called   dependent solitary plant souls (Sapratisthit pratyek).

 

392.     What are called nondependent solitary plant souls (Apratisthit pratyek)?

 

The solitary plant souls, which do not depend on any common body plant souls, are called nondependent solitary plant souls (Apratisthit pratyek).

 

393.   Are common body plant souls present only in the dependent solitary plant                     souls or are they also present somewhere else?

 

All mundane souls like worms, bugs, animals, and humans, depend on common body plant souls – the lowest   form of life (Nigodh), except for earth body souls, water body souls, air body souls, fire body souls, the omniscient lord (Jin Bhagwan), assimilative body soul (Aharak sharir), the celestial soul (Dev), and the infernal souls (Narak).

 

394.  The lowest form of life is the common body plant soul (Nigodh). How many different types of common body plant souls are there?

 

            There are two types:

1.      Eternal lowest form of life (Nitya nigodh), and

2.      Noneternal lowest form of life (Itara nigodh).

 

395.     What are eternal lowest forms of life (Nitya nigodh)?

 

Living beings, which have never entered any other modes, other than the lowest   form of life and which will never enter any other modes other than the lowest form of life, is called the eternal lowest form of life (Nitya nigodh).

 

396.    What is called the noneternal lowest form of life (Itara nigodh)?

 

The lowest form of life that can come out of nigodh and then enter another form of life and once again be born in the lowest form of life, is called the itara nigodh.

 

397.   How are souls classified as gross bodied and fine bodies souls (Badar and sukshma jiva)?

 

The earth body, the water body, the air body, the fire body, the eternal lowest form of life and the non eternal lowest form of life are souls which can be either gross bodied or fine bodied souls bodied souls. The remainders of living beings are all classified as gross bodied souls.

 

 

Soul's quest of the psychophysical activity.

 

398.    How are the two forms of internal attitudes of action of the soul are explained (Yog)?

 

With the fruition of the body making karma and with the support of the mind, speech and body, the soul has the capacity to accept karma and quassi-karma. This capacity of the soul clarifies its internal attitude of the action (Bhav yog).

With the bhav yog as an instrumental cause, the vibratory activity of the soul’s space units occurs. This is called material yog (Dravya yog.)

 

399.     How many types of yog are there?

 

            There are three primary kinds with fifteen subtypes as follow:

1.      Four mind yog.

2.      Four speech yog.

3.      Seven body activity yog.

 

Soul's quest of the gender.

 

 

400.     What is known as the gender (Ved)?

 

Gender is determined by the fruition of the quassi –passions through which the living being acquires a desire for copulation, which is the basis for the internal attitude of gender (Bhav ved).

The living being gains a sexual organ as a result of fruition of the body making karma, called the material gender (Dravya ved).

 

401.     How many types of gender are there?

 

            There are three types:

1.      Male gender.

2.      Female gender.

3.      Hermaphrodite gender.

 

 

Soul's quest of the passions.

 

 

402.      What is called the passions? (Kashay)

 

The passions are that which obstructs the true faith (Samyaktva), the partial true conduct (Desh charitra) or complete true conduct (Sakal charitra) of the soul.

 

403.     How many types of passions are there?

           

            There are sixteen types as follow:

1.      Four infinite bondage-causing passions (Anantanubandhi kashay) of anger, pride, deceit and greed.

2.      Four partial vows preventing passions (Apratyakhyanavaraniya kashay) of anger, pride, deceit and greed.

3.      Four total vows preventing passions (Pratyakhyanavaraniya kashay) of anger, pride, deceit and greed.

4.      Four perfect conduct preventing passions (Sanjvalan kashay) of anger, pride, deceit and greed.

 

 

          Soul's quest of the knowledge.

 

 

404.    How many different types of knowledge are there?

 

            There are eight types:

Empirical, scriptural, clairvoyance, telepathy, omniscience, wrong empirical, wrong scriptural and wrong clairvoyance.

 

Soul's quest of the restraint.

 

 

405.      What is meant by restraint?  (Sanyam)

 

When one accepts five vows (vrat), observs five carefulnesses (samiti), discards ones passions  (kashay), controlls ones mind, speech and action and  conquers the five senses, restrain (Sanyam) is demonstrated.

 

406.     How many types of different restraint are there?

           

            There are seven as follow:

1.      Initiation (Samayik).

2.      Ordination (Chedopasthapan).

3.      Purification through service (Parihar vishudhdhi).

4.      Self-restraint with subtle flickering greed (Sukshma sampraya).